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Spatial and Temporal Integration of Signals in Foveal Line Orientation
... Our experiments concern the mechanism by which contour orientation is processed in the primate brain. Of relevant interest is the fact that orientation processing reaches hyperacuity values, i.e., that the intact organism’s sensitivity transcends the grain of the available neural components. This ap ...
... Our experiments concern the mechanism by which contour orientation is processed in the primate brain. Of relevant interest is the fact that orientation processing reaches hyperacuity values, i.e., that the intact organism’s sensitivity transcends the grain of the available neural components. This ap ...
Specialized Elements of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Primates
... The orbitofrontal cortex in primates is a large and heterogeneous region, and both its extent and architectonic areas have been variously described. In rhesus monkeys, the basal surface of the prefrontal cortex includes area 13, the orbital part of area 12, the rostrally situated area 11, and the ba ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex in primates is a large and heterogeneous region, and both its extent and architectonic areas have been variously described. In rhesus monkeys, the basal surface of the prefrontal cortex includes area 13, the orbital part of area 12, the rostrally situated area 11, and the ba ...
NIH eRA Commons user name: AM2518 TELEPHONE NUMBER
... Indeed, our pilot data show that neuromodulation of the pre-SMA (supplementary motor area) via TMS was effective in reducing OCD symptoms in medication resistant patients. Here we will examine the neurophysiological and neurochemical correlates of motor circuit dysfunction in OCD, and examine the im ...
... Indeed, our pilot data show that neuromodulation of the pre-SMA (supplementary motor area) via TMS was effective in reducing OCD symptoms in medication resistant patients. Here we will examine the neurophysiological and neurochemical correlates of motor circuit dysfunction in OCD, and examine the im ...
Review Article Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS
... heart, and amputated fins. The focus of the present paper is on spinal cord regeneration in adult zebrafish. We intend to discuss our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) that allows formation of proliferating progenitors and controls neurogenesis, which involve changes i ...
... heart, and amputated fins. The focus of the present paper is on spinal cord regeneration in adult zebrafish. We intend to discuss our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) that allows formation of proliferating progenitors and controls neurogenesis, which involve changes i ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... For Armstrong-James (1995), a “transient insularity” between barrels includes the whole cortical column centered over a barrel. That is, for some time after each stimulus the barrel columns can encode the activity of single whiskers. Similarly, Petersen et al. (2002) recently noted that the earliest ...
... For Armstrong-James (1995), a “transient insularity” between barrels includes the whole cortical column centered over a barrel. That is, for some time after each stimulus the barrel columns can encode the activity of single whiskers. Similarly, Petersen et al. (2002) recently noted that the earliest ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... Research into dendrite morphogenesis in vertebrates has yielded similar results, and therefore emerging principles are likely to be of general relevance. Transcription regulators of dendrite patterns Many transcription factors contribute to the specification of neuronal type-specific dendrite patter ...
... Research into dendrite morphogenesis in vertebrates has yielded similar results, and therefore emerging principles are likely to be of general relevance. Transcription regulators of dendrite patterns Many transcription factors contribute to the specification of neuronal type-specific dendrite patter ...
Condition interference in rats performing a choice task with switched
... variable-reward-condition trials (Ito and Doya, 2009; Funamizu et al., 2012). The block change was conducted so as to (i) include all four reward-probability settings in each of the four blocks and (ii) not to repeat any of the settings. Each rat performed at least four blocks per day (i.e., per ses ...
... variable-reward-condition trials (Ito and Doya, 2009; Funamizu et al., 2012). The block change was conducted so as to (i) include all four reward-probability settings in each of the four blocks and (ii) not to repeat any of the settings. Each rat performed at least four blocks per day (i.e., per ses ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... reactions were made using 20 pg of nuclear extracts from two different animals for each condition. The retarded bands in the level marked Z represent the specific ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity. B, Competition studies showing the specificity of binding to ZIF 268 consensus sequence. The first lane (Pr ...
... reactions were made using 20 pg of nuclear extracts from two different animals for each condition. The retarded bands in the level marked Z represent the specific ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity. B, Competition studies showing the specificity of binding to ZIF 268 consensus sequence. The first lane (Pr ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... considered a thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme in euthyroid conditions by producing inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and kidney, where D1 participates in the clearance of TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, i ...
... considered a thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme in euthyroid conditions by producing inactive rT3 or T2 [14]. The liver and kidney, where D1 participates in the clearance of TH derivatives, contains a relatively large concentration of this enzyme, but D1 is also present in the anterior pituitary, i ...
Self-Organizing Visual Cortex Model using Homeostatic Plasticity
... subjective. Comparison of experiment results under different conditions is also difficult. Moreover, different types of input pattern will require different threshold settings, depending on how strongly it activates the network. High-contrast abstract patterns might require lower threshold values as ...
... subjective. Comparison of experiment results under different conditions is also difficult. Moreover, different types of input pattern will require different threshold settings, depending on how strongly it activates the network. High-contrast abstract patterns might require lower threshold values as ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical disorders because they often do not incorporate the specific anatomical and physiological substrates needed to model clinically important abnormalities. The interaction between research on animals and patients thus leads to a better under ...
... simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical disorders because they often do not incorporate the specific anatomical and physiological substrates needed to model clinically important abnormalities. The interaction between research on animals and patients thus leads to a better under ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... hemispheric processes that correspond to what James called recollection of the “spirit” (mental processes) can be organized. In answering this question, it is important to consider, firstly, the process that occurs in the brain when it is stimulated. For instance, the visual perception of an object ...
... hemispheric processes that correspond to what James called recollection of the “spirit” (mental processes) can be organized. In answering this question, it is important to consider, firstly, the process that occurs in the brain when it is stimulated. For instance, the visual perception of an object ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... condition. In the two-curve condition, the average MIRew was 0.23, which was significantly larger than the value of 0.05 in the one-curve condition (paired t-test, p<10-6 for both monkeys). The MIRew in the one curve condition was nevertheless significantly larger than zero (sign-test, p<10-5 for mo ...
... condition. In the two-curve condition, the average MIRew was 0.23, which was significantly larger than the value of 0.05 in the one-curve condition (paired t-test, p<10-6 for both monkeys). The MIRew in the one curve condition was nevertheless significantly larger than zero (sign-test, p<10-5 for mo ...
The role of the subthalamic nucleus in response inhibition: Evidence
... Failed versus successfully inhibited stop-trials In the stop-signal paradigm, differences in response latency (due to the adaptive staircase procedure) incur bias when comparing failed with successfully inhibited stop-trials. Failed stop-trials tend to occur at longer delays after the go-signal than ...
... Failed versus successfully inhibited stop-trials In the stop-signal paradigm, differences in response latency (due to the adaptive staircase procedure) incur bias when comparing failed with successfully inhibited stop-trials. Failed stop-trials tend to occur at longer delays after the go-signal than ...
Efficient gene transduction of neurons by lentivirus with
... total amount of GFP in single neurons especially when compared with small and large neurons, such as somatic volumes of neostriatal and thalamic neurons (7.771.6 (103 mm3) in the neostriatum and 2175.3 (103 mm3) in the thalamus, mean7s.d., n ¼ 165). Thus, to estimate promoter activity in neurons ...
... total amount of GFP in single neurons especially when compared with small and large neurons, such as somatic volumes of neostriatal and thalamic neurons (7.771.6 (103 mm3) in the neostriatum and 2175.3 (103 mm3) in the thalamus, mean7s.d., n ¼ 165). Thus, to estimate promoter activity in neurons ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... dopamine was significantly reduced (~36%) compared to their wild-type littermates [45,48]. This decline was accompanied by decreased expression of TH and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum but no progressive reduction in the number of TH-positive neurons in the SNc [48]. These studies link α ...
... dopamine was significantly reduced (~36%) compared to their wild-type littermates [45,48]. This decline was accompanied by decreased expression of TH and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum but no progressive reduction in the number of TH-positive neurons in the SNc [48]. These studies link α ...
Bayesian Spiking Neurons II: Learning
... It has long been thought that one goal of learning in neural networks is to find the underlying structure in the sensory world by detecting patterns of correlations (or more generally, dependencies) in the input (Barlow, 2001). Hebbian-style learning rules (Hebb, 1949) find such correlations (Hebb, ...
... It has long been thought that one goal of learning in neural networks is to find the underlying structure in the sensory world by detecting patterns of correlations (or more generally, dependencies) in the input (Barlow, 2001). Hebbian-style learning rules (Hebb, 1949) find such correlations (Hebb, ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
... cortex compared with control (Wistar) rats. The peptide levels of these neuropeptides in brain areas mentioned above were both apparently higher than that in normal Wistar rats as well. However, in cerebellums, neither SST nor NPY was significantly changed compared with control group. The immunohist ...
Cross-Modal Transfer of Information between the Tactile
... found in the left postcentral gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, and right cerebellum. Finally, fields active in both TV–VV and TV–TT were considered as those involved in cross-modal transfer of information. One field was found, situated in the right insula–claustrum. This region has been shown t ...
... found in the left postcentral gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, and right cerebellum. Finally, fields active in both TV–VV and TV–TT were considered as those involved in cross-modal transfer of information. One field was found, situated in the right insula–claustrum. This region has been shown t ...
Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Cortical Neurons
... can be well fitted by the gamma distribution and the firing irregularity is constant over time. We investigated in a computational model whether fluctuating external inputs may generate gamma process-like spike outputs, and whether the two quantities are actually decoupled. Whole-cell patch-clamp re ...
... can be well fitted by the gamma distribution and the firing irregularity is constant over time. We investigated in a computational model whether fluctuating external inputs may generate gamma process-like spike outputs, and whether the two quantities are actually decoupled. Whole-cell patch-clamp re ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... both of which generate strong excitatory postsynaptic potentials [20]. Synchronization within a certain neuronal ensemble is achieved by means of GABAergic inhibitory neurons. For instance, it has been reported that neuronal synchronization is completed via a GABAergic internetwork in some pace-maki ...
... both of which generate strong excitatory postsynaptic potentials [20]. Synchronization within a certain neuronal ensemble is achieved by means of GABAergic inhibitory neurons. For instance, it has been reported that neuronal synchronization is completed via a GABAergic internetwork in some pace-maki ...
Hrk/DP5 contributes to the apoptosis of select neuronal populations
... array of developmental cues or experimentally applied stress stimuli. We have investigated, through gene targeting in mice, the biological roles for the BH3-only family member HRK (also known as DP5) in apoptosis regulation. Hrk gene expression was found to be restricted to cells and tissues of the ...
... array of developmental cues or experimentally applied stress stimuli. We have investigated, through gene targeting in mice, the biological roles for the BH3-only family member HRK (also known as DP5) in apoptosis regulation. Hrk gene expression was found to be restricted to cells and tissues of the ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... careful analysis of the above human studies reveals that some may not have detected PDE5 mRNA for methodologic reasons. For example, in the study that did not find detectable PDE5 transcripts in human brain, a rodent sequence was used to detect human PDE5 mRNA [16]. To answer this question definitiv ...
... careful analysis of the above human studies reveals that some may not have detected PDE5 mRNA for methodologic reasons. For example, in the study that did not find detectable PDE5 transcripts in human brain, a rodent sequence was used to detect human PDE5 mRNA [16]. To answer this question definitiv ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... experience results in increased clustering of neurons that respond selectively to trained stimuli (Erickson and others 2000). In addition, several previous studies have shown that ITC neuronal responses are modified by long-term visual experience or training. Logothetis and others (1995) found that I ...
... experience results in increased clustering of neurons that respond selectively to trained stimuli (Erickson and others 2000). In addition, several previous studies have shown that ITC neuronal responses are modified by long-term visual experience or training. Logothetis and others (1995) found that I ...
Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... While choosing, individuals compute the values of different options independently of one another. This computation does not depend on the sensorimotor contingencies of choice (the spatial configuration of the offers or the specific action that will implement the choice outcome). These contingencies ma ...
... While choosing, individuals compute the values of different options independently of one another. This computation does not depend on the sensorimotor contingencies of choice (the spatial configuration of the offers or the specific action that will implement the choice outcome). These contingencies ma ...