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Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... While choosing, individuals compute the values of different options independently of one another. This computation does not depend on the sensorimotor contingencies of choice (the spatial configuration of the offers or the specific action that will implement the choice outcome). These contingencies ma ...
... While choosing, individuals compute the values of different options independently of one another. This computation does not depend on the sensorimotor contingencies of choice (the spatial configuration of the offers or the specific action that will implement the choice outcome). These contingencies ma ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... distribution of gap junctions (present study). Data herein also will show that electrotonic coupling is present in all of the semicircular canal pathways that produce compensatory, i.e., not rapid, eye movements. Hence one goal was to achieve a consensus with prior work by employing a broad approach ...
... distribution of gap junctions (present study). Data herein also will show that electrotonic coupling is present in all of the semicircular canal pathways that produce compensatory, i.e., not rapid, eye movements. Hence one goal was to achieve a consensus with prior work by employing a broad approach ...
Imaging development and plasticity in the mouse visual system
... important role in the development of the brain. Sensory experiences continue to exert a strong influence on the functional connectivity of neuronal circuits, especially in the cerebral cortex, allowing for learning and adaptation to an ever changing environment. The visual system provides a convenie ...
... important role in the development of the brain. Sensory experiences continue to exert a strong influence on the functional connectivity of neuronal circuits, especially in the cerebral cortex, allowing for learning and adaptation to an ever changing environment. The visual system provides a convenie ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... neuroimaging study reduce to a statement that there has been a change in the measured blood flow ‘signal’ in certain areas of the brain under the conditions studied. ...
... neuroimaging study reduce to a statement that there has been a change in the measured blood flow ‘signal’ in certain areas of the brain under the conditions studied. ...
Respiration and Proprioception - e
... The primary inspiration muscle, the diaphragm, shows a difference in proprioceptive innervation compared to other skeletal muscles including the intercostal muscles in terms of quantitative properties [21]. Work of Euler showed that there was a low ratio between the muscle spindle and tendon organ a ...
... The primary inspiration muscle, the diaphragm, shows a difference in proprioceptive innervation compared to other skeletal muscles including the intercostal muscles in terms of quantitative properties [21]. Work of Euler showed that there was a low ratio between the muscle spindle and tendon organ a ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... two mechanisms: top-down feedback and coherence between these oscillations. By forming these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and fle ...
... two mechanisms: top-down feedback and coherence between these oscillations. By forming these units into circuits that can perform logic operations, we identify the different ways in which operations can be initiated and manipulated by top-down feedback. We demonstrate that more sophisticated and fle ...
From Lesions to Leptin: Review Hypothalamic Control of Food
... body weight compared to wild-type control mice (Shimada et al., 1998). Hence, it now seems likely that these specific populations of peptidergic neurons represent ...
... body weight compared to wild-type control mice (Shimada et al., 1998). Hence, it now seems likely that these specific populations of peptidergic neurons represent ...
reviews - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... and powerful one that has variable selection criteria, depending on the task at hand (for example, ‘look for the red, horizontal target’). The expression of this topdown attention is most probably controlled from higher areas, including the frontal lobes, which connect back into visual cortex and ea ...
... and powerful one that has variable selection criteria, depending on the task at hand (for example, ‘look for the red, horizontal target’). The expression of this topdown attention is most probably controlled from higher areas, including the frontal lobes, which connect back into visual cortex and ea ...
Introduction 9 INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythms in physiology and
... cell oscillators within the ventral SCN may be functionally different from those in the dorsal SCN. In the past decade, increasing evidence has appeared for the presence of autonomous oscillators outside the SCN in the central nervous system and also in peripheral tissues. These oscillators may or m ...
... cell oscillators within the ventral SCN may be functionally different from those in the dorsal SCN. In the past decade, increasing evidence has appeared for the presence of autonomous oscillators outside the SCN in the central nervous system and also in peripheral tissues. These oscillators may or m ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... LDT and PPT with strong evidence that a subset of these are cholinergic (6). In rodent brainstem slices, mesopontine neurons can be divided according to their membrane current characteristics into types I, II and III, with types II and III being cholinergic and projecting to the thalamus (6). Many r ...
... LDT and PPT with strong evidence that a subset of these are cholinergic (6). In rodent brainstem slices, mesopontine neurons can be divided according to their membrane current characteristics into types I, II and III, with types II and III being cholinergic and projecting to the thalamus (6). Many r ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... but the intensity of the signal appeared to decrease with development. The reaction product was localized in the cytoplasm of putative motor neurons (El 4; Fig. 2G), as expected. Sensory ganglia from E5 to E 14 were also prominently labeled (“d,” Fig. 2D,E). The largest sensory ganglion cells, presu ...
... but the intensity of the signal appeared to decrease with development. The reaction product was localized in the cytoplasm of putative motor neurons (El 4; Fig. 2G), as expected. Sensory ganglia from E5 to E 14 were also prominently labeled (“d,” Fig. 2D,E). The largest sensory ganglion cells, presu ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... requirement of CXCR4 for this process, we hypothesized that ectopic expression of CXCL12 would attract postmitotic mDA neurons in vivo. We thus decided to perform in utero electroporations at E12.5, with plasmids encoding Gfp or Cxcl12, and examined the position of TH+ cells at E14.5 (Fig. 5A). We f ...
... requirement of CXCR4 for this process, we hypothesized that ectopic expression of CXCL12 would attract postmitotic mDA neurons in vivo. We thus decided to perform in utero electroporations at E12.5, with plasmids encoding Gfp or Cxcl12, and examined the position of TH+ cells at E14.5 (Fig. 5A). We f ...
Memmler`s The Human Body in Health and
... shingles (herpes zoster) – localized disease caused by the virus traveling down the sensory nerves by fast axonal transport when immune system is compromised ◦ common after age of 50 ◦ painful trail of skin discoloration and fluid-filled vesicles along path of ...
... shingles (herpes zoster) – localized disease caused by the virus traveling down the sensory nerves by fast axonal transport when immune system is compromised ◦ common after age of 50 ◦ painful trail of skin discoloration and fluid-filled vesicles along path of ...
TREBALL 6
... Grass stimulation unit S-48 connected to a Grass SIU 5 stimulus isolation unit. Stimulating current was typically between 0.1-1.7 mA, 0.2 ms square pulses at 0.9 Hz. Pyramidal neurons were recorded extracellularly with glass micropipettes pulled from 2.0-mm capillary glass, as described above for DA ...
... Grass stimulation unit S-48 connected to a Grass SIU 5 stimulus isolation unit. Stimulating current was typically between 0.1-1.7 mA, 0.2 ms square pulses at 0.9 Hz. Pyramidal neurons were recorded extracellularly with glass micropipettes pulled from 2.0-mm capillary glass, as described above for DA ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... different aspects of that input. In such tasks, neuronal responses are modulated with rapid temporal dynamics and high spatial selectivity throughout the cerebral cortex (Figure 1a). The temporal dynamics of attentional selection are illustrated by recent evidence of a rapid onset of selective neuro ...
... different aspects of that input. In such tasks, neuronal responses are modulated with rapid temporal dynamics and high spatial selectivity throughout the cerebral cortex (Figure 1a). The temporal dynamics of attentional selection are illustrated by recent evidence of a rapid onset of selective neuro ...
Evidence of sympathetic ®bers in the male rat pelvic nerve
... lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosacral spinal cord contribute a contingent of ®bers in the pelvic nerve. It is also unclear whether preganglionic parasympathetic neurons may give off several a ...
... lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosacral spinal cord contribute a contingent of ®bers in the pelvic nerve. It is also unclear whether preganglionic parasympathetic neurons may give off several a ...
Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement
... Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder is a parasomnia characterized by acting out dreams with screaming, hitting, thrashing and frequent self-injury. It has gained major attention because 81% of the patients with the idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder form convert within 10–15 years ...
... Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder is a parasomnia characterized by acting out dreams with screaming, hitting, thrashing and frequent self-injury. It has gained major attention because 81% of the patients with the idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder form convert within 10–15 years ...
Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the
... and abnormal arrangement of the blood vessels. As the kyphotic angle increased, these changes became more marked, especially in the ventral side of the spinal cord that was directly exposed to mechanical compression.” DISCUSSION Birds are bipeds and try to maintain their head parallel to the ground, ...
... and abnormal arrangement of the blood vessels. As the kyphotic angle increased, these changes became more marked, especially in the ventral side of the spinal cord that was directly exposed to mechanical compression.” DISCUSSION Birds are bipeds and try to maintain their head parallel to the ground, ...
Neuronal innervation of the exocrine defence glands in stick insects
... with secretory epithelium [15, 19, 21, 28–32]. They release secretions from the gland through a smaller ejaculatory duct with an opening in the anterior prothorax just behind the head [15, 19, 21, 29, 32, 33]. In O. peruana, the large glands extend internally into the mesothoracic segment [19]. The ...
... with secretory epithelium [15, 19, 21, 28–32]. They release secretions from the gland through a smaller ejaculatory duct with an opening in the anterior prothorax just behind the head [15, 19, 21, 29, 32, 33]. In O. peruana, the large glands extend internally into the mesothoracic segment [19]. The ...
New Vistas on Amygdala Networks in Conditioned Fear
... disconnect in the amygdala between the site of plasticity and site of expression (see Fig. 1B). Two solutions to this problem are commonly invoked. The first is that the lateral or amygdalo-striatal sector of CE (CEl) projects to the CEm (Jolkkonen and Pitkanen 1998; Petrovich and Swanson 1997). How ...
... disconnect in the amygdala between the site of plasticity and site of expression (see Fig. 1B). Two solutions to this problem are commonly invoked. The first is that the lateral or amygdalo-striatal sector of CE (CEl) projects to the CEm (Jolkkonen and Pitkanen 1998; Petrovich and Swanson 1997). How ...
L
... only area from which sensory symptoms may arise. Contralateral mesial frontal structures can also produce sensory symptoms. In some instances, the superior temporal gyrus has been shown to cause bilateral sensory symptoms. Pain is an uncommon aura. When it occurs, it often means the seizure involves ...
... only area from which sensory symptoms may arise. Contralateral mesial frontal structures can also produce sensory symptoms. In some instances, the superior temporal gyrus has been shown to cause bilateral sensory symptoms. Pain is an uncommon aura. When it occurs, it often means the seizure involves ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... We first consider the local or intralaminar microcircuit, which is the lowest level of the model and may be identified as a set of neurons within a given cortical area and layer. More precisely, we assume a population of pyramidal neurons and a population of inhibitory interneurons at this level. Wi ...
... We first consider the local or intralaminar microcircuit, which is the lowest level of the model and may be identified as a set of neurons within a given cortical area and layer. More precisely, we assume a population of pyramidal neurons and a population of inhibitory interneurons at this level. Wi ...