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... neurons of F5 which discharge when the monkey observes meaningful hand movements made by the experimenter or another monkey. F5 is endowed with an observation/execution matching system [The non-mirror grasp neurons of F5 are called F5 canonical neurons.] Arbib and Itti: CS 664 (University of Souther ...
... neurons of F5 which discharge when the monkey observes meaningful hand movements made by the experimenter or another monkey. F5 is endowed with an observation/execution matching system [The non-mirror grasp neurons of F5 are called F5 canonical neurons.] Arbib and Itti: CS 664 (University of Souther ...
Enlargement of Axo-Somatic Contacts Formed by
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
... 2013), over-exercise (Epling et al. 1983; Davis et al. 1997, 1999; Hebebrand and Bulik 2011; Zunker et al. 2011; Gutierrez 2013), and anxiety (Kaye et al. 2004; Perdereau et al. 2008; Dellava et al. 2010; Thornton et al. 2011; Wable et al. 2015). Importantly, although ABA is induced by the initial i ...
Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Controls the Anterior–Posterior
... Monoaminergic neurons [serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic (mdDA)] in the brainstem project axons along the anterior–posterior axis. Despite their important physiological functions and implication in disease, the molecular mechanisms that dictate the formation of these projections along the anterio ...
... Monoaminergic neurons [serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic (mdDA)] in the brainstem project axons along the anterior–posterior axis. Despite their important physiological functions and implication in disease, the molecular mechanisms that dictate the formation of these projections along the anterio ...
Electrophysiological markers of Rapid Eye Movements in
... also observed in sleep (Aserinsky and Kleitman 1953) and are indeed used to define and categorize sleep stages: Rapid Eye Movements (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep (see Box 1)2. Michel Jouvet’s work highlighted the importance of this distinction, REM and NREM sleep referring to differe ...
... also observed in sleep (Aserinsky and Kleitman 1953) and are indeed used to define and categorize sleep stages: Rapid Eye Movements (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep (see Box 1)2. Michel Jouvet’s work highlighted the importance of this distinction, REM and NREM sleep referring to differe ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... contrasts, spatial attention increases the firing rate by a multiplicative factor that is independent of the neuron’s tuning for such properties as orientation and direction of motion. This scaling of the response enables neurons to discriminate more reliably the features of the attended stimulus. F ...
... contrasts, spatial attention increases the firing rate by a multiplicative factor that is independent of the neuron’s tuning for such properties as orientation and direction of motion. This scaling of the response enables neurons to discriminate more reliably the features of the attended stimulus. F ...
The role of sodium channels in neuropathic pain
... are both blocked by low doses of TTX [53,54], indicating the primary role of TTX-S currents in generating functional aspects of neuropathic pain. It is thought that the fast activation and inactivation kinetics of Nav1.3, together with its rapid repriming kinetics and persistent current component, c ...
... are both blocked by low doses of TTX [53,54], indicating the primary role of TTX-S currents in generating functional aspects of neuropathic pain. It is thought that the fast activation and inactivation kinetics of Nav1.3, together with its rapid repriming kinetics and persistent current component, c ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... active responses in subsequent neurons, or inhibitory, encouraging inactive responses [22]; approximately 80% of neurons are excitatory in contrast to 20% of inhibitory neurons ...
... active responses in subsequent neurons, or inhibitory, encouraging inactive responses [22]; approximately 80% of neurons are excitatory in contrast to 20% of inhibitory neurons ...
Smelling on the fly: sensory cues and strategies for olfactory
... be easily depleted [31]. In addition, high odor concentrations tend to drive more activity in GABAergic interneurons [35], which further decreases the gain of ORNto-PN synapses [36,37]. GABAergic inhibition tends to prevent saturation of PN firing rates, and helps ensure that even intense stimuli re ...
... be easily depleted [31]. In addition, high odor concentrations tend to drive more activity in GABAergic interneurons [35], which further decreases the gain of ORNto-PN synapses [36,37]. GABAergic inhibition tends to prevent saturation of PN firing rates, and helps ensure that even intense stimuli re ...
Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... response would be the strongest, if an elongated visual stimulus was properly located at an orientation such that the neuron is optimally activated by the bar, but not inhibited by the central inhibitory population. This geometric arrangement also determines the OS maps on the cortical surface (Fig. ...
... response would be the strongest, if an elongated visual stimulus was properly located at an orientation such that the neuron is optimally activated by the bar, but not inhibited by the central inhibitory population. This geometric arrangement also determines the OS maps on the cortical surface (Fig. ...
Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum
... of the basal ganglia complex, such as the striatum, that is involved in motor and reward processes.6 The main input unit of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which receives synaptic input from cortical and subcortical afferents, such as motor cortical input and dopaminergic projections from substan ...
... of the basal ganglia complex, such as the striatum, that is involved in motor and reward processes.6 The main input unit of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which receives synaptic input from cortical and subcortical afferents, such as motor cortical input and dopaminergic projections from substan ...
Role of Frontal Eye Fields in Countermanding Saccades: Visual
... trials in which a stop signal was presented and saccade production was inhibited successfully and trials with movements that were made but would have been inhibited had the stop signal been presented (the trials with the long reaction times). By comparing the neural activity in these different trial ...
... trials in which a stop signal was presented and saccade production was inhibited successfully and trials with movements that were made but would have been inhibited had the stop signal been presented (the trials with the long reaction times). By comparing the neural activity in these different trial ...
Contacts among non-sister dendritic branches at
... sites where a dendritic segment splits into two daughter segments (Fig. 1A). We found that these two structures frequently interacts exactly at the point of bifurcation (Fig. 1A). We termed such contacts as Bifurcation-Dendrite Intersections (BDIs). Intersections between two or three dendritic bifur ...
... sites where a dendritic segment splits into two daughter segments (Fig. 1A). We found that these two structures frequently interacts exactly at the point of bifurcation (Fig. 1A). We termed such contacts as Bifurcation-Dendrite Intersections (BDIs). Intersections between two or three dendritic bifur ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... The cortical mantle varies in thickness depending on the region of the cortex, with considerable variation between individual brains as well as between hemispheres of the same brain [12]. In normal brains the cortex tends to be thinnest in the calcarine cortex at around 2mm and highest in the precen ...
... The cortical mantle varies in thickness depending on the region of the cortex, with considerable variation between individual brains as well as between hemispheres of the same brain [12]. In normal brains the cortex tends to be thinnest in the calcarine cortex at around 2mm and highest in the precen ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitectur ...
... syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS is caused, at least in part, by alterations in the cytoarchitectur ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... cells lying between the lateral limbs of the third nerve nucleus, has been assumed to be the convergence "center," but recent work presents evidence to suggest that this is not true. Crosby and Woodburne ('43) found it difficult to distinguish a central nucleus in the oculomotor complex, correspondi ...
... cells lying between the lateral limbs of the third nerve nucleus, has been assumed to be the convergence "center," but recent work presents evidence to suggest that this is not true. Crosby and Woodburne ('43) found it difficult to distinguish a central nucleus in the oculomotor complex, correspondi ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesis that activation of MC PG-sensitive mGluRs is a requirement for induction of these forms of synaptic plasticity. Because of the simil ...
... In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesis that activation of MC PG-sensitive mGluRs is a requirement for induction of these forms of synaptic plasticity. Because of the simil ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... from developing rat hippocampal slices6 showed that new branches tend to form from existing dendritic shafts. Each branch first appears in the form of a single filopodium. Whereas most filopodia quickly retract into the dendritic shaft, some develop into growthcone-like structures. Some of those gro ...
... from developing rat hippocampal slices6 showed that new branches tend to form from existing dendritic shafts. Each branch first appears in the form of a single filopodium. Whereas most filopodia quickly retract into the dendritic shaft, some develop into growthcone-like structures. Some of those gro ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... reticular nucleus (TRN) that form a local recurrent inhibitory loop in which collaterals of the projection neurons drive TRN cells, which then inhibit LGN relay neurons (recurrent inhibition). Of potential significance is the observation that both the corticogeniculate and brainstem inputs make syna ...
... reticular nucleus (TRN) that form a local recurrent inhibitory loop in which collaterals of the projection neurons drive TRN cells, which then inhibit LGN relay neurons (recurrent inhibition). Of potential significance is the observation that both the corticogeniculate and brainstem inputs make syna ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... stripes and fixed after 4 –5 h, by which time many of the axons had reached the border. The pattern was created starting with a surface completely covered with laminin, and then scratching away thin regions of the laminin using a metallic needle to generate alternating stripes where laminin was pres ...
... stripes and fixed after 4 –5 h, by which time many of the axons had reached the border. The pattern was created starting with a surface completely covered with laminin, and then scratching away thin regions of the laminin using a metallic needle to generate alternating stripes where laminin was pres ...
Do neurons have a reserve of sodium channels for the generation of
... Currents were elicited from a holding potential of ±80 mV with voltage steps to ±20 mV (duration 5 ms, interpulse interval 4 s). The recordings are corrected for leakage currents. Action potentials were elicited from a membrane potential of ±84 to ±91 mV by current injections of 0.5 nA (duration 2 m ...
... Currents were elicited from a holding potential of ±80 mV with voltage steps to ±20 mV (duration 5 ms, interpulse interval 4 s). The recordings are corrected for leakage currents. Action potentials were elicited from a membrane potential of ±84 to ±91 mV by current injections of 0.5 nA (duration 2 m ...
Behavioral consequences of abnormal cortical development
... We review here experimental approaches that do not directly injure the cerebral cortex. The effects of direct neonatal cortical lesions have been reviewed thoroughly recently and hence need not be repeated [111]. It is also not our intention to compare effects of manipulations performed in adult ani ...
... We review here experimental approaches that do not directly injure the cerebral cortex. The effects of direct neonatal cortical lesions have been reviewed thoroughly recently and hence need not be repeated [111]. It is also not our intention to compare effects of manipulations performed in adult ani ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some t ...
... with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some t ...
Amphetamine-induced release of dopamine from the substantia
... and the brains quickly removed. The substantia nigra was dissected bilaterally by knife cuts made just caudal to the mammillary bodies, just rostral to the pons, lateral to the interpeduncular nucleus, and along a line extending through the medial lemniscus to the lateral edge of the brain stem vent ...
... and the brains quickly removed. The substantia nigra was dissected bilaterally by knife cuts made just caudal to the mammillary bodies, just rostral to the pons, lateral to the interpeduncular nucleus, and along a line extending through the medial lemniscus to the lateral edge of the brain stem vent ...