Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discovered in cerebral cortex (Reyes et al., 1998) and is called “target cell-specific synaptic plasticity.” This phenomenon indicates that Pr is regulated by communicati ...
... Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discovered in cerebral cortex (Reyes et al., 1998) and is called “target cell-specific synaptic plasticity.” This phenomenon indicates that Pr is regulated by communicati ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... severely compromises their quality of life. The extent to which the practical difficulties of daily life for people with spinal cord injury, which disrupts the links between the brain and the autonomic control of the body’s organs, absorb personal energy and resources should not be underestimated by ...
... severely compromises their quality of life. The extent to which the practical difficulties of daily life for people with spinal cord injury, which disrupts the links between the brain and the autonomic control of the body’s organs, absorb personal energy and resources should not be underestimated by ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by assigning neurons to their respective lineages. In this article we address the automation of neuron and lineage identification. We focus ...
... forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by assigning neurons to their respective lineages. In this article we address the automation of neuron and lineage identification. We focus ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... between pre- and postsynaptic spike times, and no plasticity is induced if this difference grows too large. In some cases, the sign of the time difference (that is, whether the presynaptic spike precedes or follows the postsynaptic spike) determines whether the protocol induces LTP or LTD (Fig. 2a– ...
... between pre- and postsynaptic spike times, and no plasticity is induced if this difference grows too large. In some cases, the sign of the time difference (that is, whether the presynaptic spike precedes or follows the postsynaptic spike) determines whether the protocol induces LTP or LTD (Fig. 2a– ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value judgements and make choices. The application of such quantitative models has ope ...
... been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value judgements and make choices. The application of such quantitative models has ope ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... The CA3 pyramidal cells were generally more robust than CA1 neurons, and stable intracellular recordings were often maintained for several hours while searching for postsynaptic (CA 1) cells. CA3 neurons were discarded if their action potential amplitudes declined to 60 mV or less, if they could not ...
... The CA3 pyramidal cells were generally more robust than CA1 neurons, and stable intracellular recordings were often maintained for several hours while searching for postsynaptic (CA 1) cells. CA3 neurons were discarded if their action potential amplitudes declined to 60 mV or less, if they could not ...
Genetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling
... input from the main olfactory system. These results provide strong support to behavioral genetic experiments that uncovered the role of nonvomeronasal cues in the control of reproduction (19, 43, 70). The studies summarized above clearly demonstrate the involvement of central olfactory nuclei in the ...
... input from the main olfactory system. These results provide strong support to behavioral genetic experiments that uncovered the role of nonvomeronasal cues in the control of reproduction (19, 43, 70). The studies summarized above clearly demonstrate the involvement of central olfactory nuclei in the ...
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... 30. When a neuron is at rest, a. it is not being stimulated. b. the gates that control the passage of potassium ions are closed. c. there is a greater concentration of positively charged sodium ions inside the cell body than outside of it. d. it has a slightly positive charge. e. it lacks potential ...
... 30. When a neuron is at rest, a. it is not being stimulated. b. the gates that control the passage of potassium ions are closed. c. there is a greater concentration of positively charged sodium ions inside the cell body than outside of it. d. it has a slightly positive charge. e. it lacks potential ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... In this case, r evolves towards one of two possible stable fixed points (the minima of U), one at r~0 - the DOWN state -, the other at r~1 - the UP state -, depending on the initial condition. This corresponds to a bistable synapse. 2. For intermediate calcium concentrations (c(t)whd ), the synapse ...
... In this case, r evolves towards one of two possible stable fixed points (the minima of U), one at r~0 - the DOWN state -, the other at r~1 - the UP state -, depending on the initial condition. This corresponds to a bistable synapse. 2. For intermediate calcium concentrations (c(t)whd ), the synapse ...
ARTICLE Hierarchy of orofacial rhythms revealed through whisking and breathing
... in breathing (Fig. 1b), which implies that the oscillator (or oscillators) for breathing and whisking are separately gated. Exploratory behaviour typically consists of bouts of simultaneous whisking and fast breathing, or ‘sniffing’7. Under such circumstances, fast breathing has a one-to-one relatio ...
... in breathing (Fig. 1b), which implies that the oscillator (or oscillators) for breathing and whisking are separately gated. Exploratory behaviour typically consists of bouts of simultaneous whisking and fast breathing, or ‘sniffing’7. Under such circumstances, fast breathing has a one-to-one relatio ...
View: Chapter Text (PDF with new
... solitarii). Caudally, right and left nuclei merge dorsal to the central canal, forming a commissural nucleus. The nucleus of the solitary tract contains interneurons and projection neurons concerned with reflexes and sensation from the auditory tube, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, trachea, and other th ...
... solitarii). Caudally, right and left nuclei merge dorsal to the central canal, forming a commissural nucleus. The nucleus of the solitary tract contains interneurons and projection neurons concerned with reflexes and sensation from the auditory tube, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, trachea, and other th ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
... throughout the text, recognizing that such ‘units’ may well receive spikes from more than one neuron, possibly two (and in rare cases even three) very closely attached neurons. We included into our analysis only such recordings that were stable with respect to the spike waveforms over the whole time ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Using these stains, however, Cola et al. (1999) were not able to identify in the human PI complex an area comparable to PIP of monkeys. With regard to chimpanzees, our present observations suggest an interpretation of inferior pulvinar organization that departs significantly from previous description ...
... Using these stains, however, Cola et al. (1999) were not able to identify in the human PI complex an area comparable to PIP of monkeys. With regard to chimpanzees, our present observations suggest an interpretation of inferior pulvinar organization that departs significantly from previous description ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
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... The SAD serine-threonine kinases have been implicated in regulating neuronal polarization and synapse formation. Here, we show that the C. elegans SAD-1 kinase regulates axonal identity and synapse formation through distinct mechanisms. We identified a scaffolding protein, Neurabin (NAB-1), as a phy ...
... The SAD serine-threonine kinases have been implicated in regulating neuronal polarization and synapse formation. Here, we show that the C. elegans SAD-1 kinase regulates axonal identity and synapse formation through distinct mechanisms. We identified a scaffolding protein, Neurabin (NAB-1), as a phy ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
... readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed system provides a robust, fast and highly compact representation of visual inpu ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... their trajectory. A collision sound was played as the two bars touched. The collision sound increased the likelihood of perceiving the bars rebounding rather than seeing them as passing over each other. BOLD activity during the perception of the collision was increased over premotor, superior collic ...
... their trajectory. A collision sound was played as the two bars touched. The collision sound increased the likelihood of perceiving the bars rebounding rather than seeing them as passing over each other. BOLD activity during the perception of the collision was increased over premotor, superior collic ...
The architectural balance of the Ventral Nerve Cord depends
... have relatively little knowledge about how such robustness is achieved. Here, we present new insights into the sequence of developmental events involved in the establishment of the CNS architectural robustness. It is known that tension forces contribute to various aspects of neuronal morphology and ...
... have relatively little knowledge about how such robustness is achieved. Here, we present new insights into the sequence of developmental events involved in the establishment of the CNS architectural robustness. It is known that tension forces contribute to various aspects of neuronal morphology and ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... al., 1981; Woodruff et al., 2011). The penumbra is the prime target of stroke therapeutics because it is potentially salvageable after the onset of stroke (Dirnagl et al., 1999). This may be achieved following timely reperfusion within 6-8 hours (Kaufmann et al., 1999). The brain injury and neurolog ...
... al., 1981; Woodruff et al., 2011). The penumbra is the prime target of stroke therapeutics because it is potentially salvageable after the onset of stroke (Dirnagl et al., 1999). This may be achieved following timely reperfusion within 6-8 hours (Kaufmann et al., 1999). The brain injury and neurolog ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning curve along each dimension. We define such a stimulus as “optimal.” Spike trains recorded under these conditions are indistinguishable from random (e.g., Poisson) processes (Holt et al. 199 ...
... value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning curve along each dimension. We define such a stimulus as “optimal.” Spike trains recorded under these conditions are indistinguishable from random (e.g., Poisson) processes (Holt et al. 199 ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... volume of LGN and the lateral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (Restrepo et al. 2002). In contrast to the effects of loss of sensory input, sensory experience can increase the volume of related brain regions. Hippocampus is associated with spatial navigation. A study using Magnetic Resonance Imagin ...
... volume of LGN and the lateral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (Restrepo et al. 2002). In contrast to the effects of loss of sensory input, sensory experience can increase the volume of related brain regions. Hippocampus is associated with spatial navigation. A study using Magnetic Resonance Imagin ...
Growth and Targeting of Subplate Axons and Establishment of Major
... by cutting the brain at the midline; and (4) a dorsocaudal approach by excising dorsoposterior cortex, which reveals the dorsomedial aspect of the internal capsule protruding into the lateral ventricle. Three approaches were used to insert DiI crystals in the thalamus of El 5-El7 fetuses: (1) a dors ...
... by cutting the brain at the midline; and (4) a dorsocaudal approach by excising dorsoposterior cortex, which reveals the dorsomedial aspect of the internal capsule protruding into the lateral ventricle. Three approaches were used to insert DiI crystals in the thalamus of El 5-El7 fetuses: (1) a dors ...