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Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function

... subjects. This blockade of cholinergic effects impairs the encoding of new input patterns (as measured by delayed free recall), but does not impair the delayed free recall of input patterns learned before the blockade. The impairment is selective to the free recall but not the recognition of items e ...
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter

... By end stage of disease, their proliferation rate is 20-fold higher than in wild-type mice5, and they comprise the majority of actively dividing cells in the spinal cord5,6. However, the cause of this enhanced proliferation in ALS is unknown. To determine when and where NG2+ cells first exhibit this ...
cerebellum
cerebellum

... • The superior cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum. • The superior cerebellar peduncles decussate in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculi. • The middle and inferior carry mainly inputs. ...
Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal
Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal

... learning occurred. In the FINGER condition, the order of the position of the asterisks for the eight-stimulus sequence was fixed across trials, whereas the timing of stimulus presentation was varied. Thus subjects repeated the same sequence of finger movements with different timing for each trial. L ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal

... allows for relatively high spatial resolution measurements of human brain activity. It can therefore be used to localize neural activity to particular brain regions and map specialized psychological functions, such as face-, body- and place-related processing [9–11]. More recently, model-based fMRI ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations

... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational

... somatosensory, motor and visual areas of adult rats and adult cats. It specifies connection probabilities and connection strengths of effectively established synaptic connections between excitatory and inhibitory neocortical neurons, to which we will refer as functional connectivity in this paper. Th ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials

... 2011). Remarkably, despite the removal of spike remnants from LFP traces, cue (48%; 63%), attended (44%; 56%), and saccade (48%; 70%) position could still be decoded on a single-trial basis from both mid- and high-␥ frequency bands, respectively (Fig. 3B). Shared trial-to-trial variability, also ter ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a

... We report on a novel mouse in vitro brain slice preparation that contains intact callosal axons connecting anterior cingulate cortices (ACC). Callosal connections are demonstrated by the ability to regularly record epileptiform events between hemispheres (bilateral events). That the correlation of t ...
Read as PDF
Read as PDF

... Department of Neuroscience, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; and 2Phase Five Communications, New York, New York ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses

... The monkeys were trained on three tasks, run consecutively in each session (Figure 2). The first two tasks were mainly used for stimulus and unit selection. We will briefly report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (se ...
physiological plasticity in auditory cortex: rapid induction by learning
physiological plasticity in auditory cortex: rapid induction by learning

Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions

... lasting stimulation patterns mimicking the input typically present in the intact brain. Furthermore, calyx of Held synapses are chronically active emphin vivo due to spontaneous activity in the auditory brainstem. Here we test synaptic responses to complex stimulation protocols mimicking periods of ...
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb

... olfactory bulb. In situ hybridization with five different receptor probes demonstrates that axons from neurons expressing a given receptor converge on one, or at most, a few glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. Moreover, the position of specific glomeruli is bilaterally symmetric and is constant in ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic

... ABSTRACT Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H-thymidinefrom gestational day E l 2 and 13 (El2+ 13)until the day before parturition (E21+ 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons ...
Role of Active Movement in Place-Specific Firing of Hippocampal
Role of Active Movement in Place-Specific Firing of Hippocampal

... cally restrained (Foster et al., 1989). This study leaves open the possibility that hippocampal neurons may actively discharge during passive movement if rats are not physically restrained. Indeed, a more recent study has shown that place cells do not shut off under a less restrained condition. In t ...
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and

... map that is less organized than that found when the contralateral eye is enucleated but the ipsilateral eye is allowed to open naturally between P10 to P12 (Smith and Trachtenberg, 2007). While there are features whose development is clearly dependent on visual experience, other features are partia ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... In recent years, axonal degeneration has been proposed to be a leading or contributing cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Trapp et al. 1998; Cifue ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab

... the drives by satisfying the needs. Although appealing and parsimonious, it did not explain why people would eat something tasty even after being satiated nor odd behaviors such as treating predictive stimuli as reward (e.g., gnawing on a food dish as if it were food). Drive reduction theories lost ...
Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three
Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three

Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep

... receptors (U2AAR). They would accordingly be inhibited during waking through these receptors. We also found that many Orx cells in the hypothalamus bear UIAAR and thus would be excited by NA during waking. Like the BF GABAergic cells, many MeR neurons were endowed with U2AAR and thus would be inhib ...
Glia-Derived D-Serine Controls NMDA Receptor Activity and
Glia-Derived D-Serine Controls NMDA Receptor Activity and

... 1987; Miazaki et al., 1999). Incubation of brain stem slices (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures) with GO significantly increased the AMPA/NMDA ratio measured in NTS neurons (from 2.1 ± 0.2, n = 11, to 3.3 ± 0.3, n = 8; p < 0.05; Figure S3), indicating that ambient glycine modulates NMDARs in ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat

... innervates the dentate gyrus granule cells. We initially examined the long-term plasticity at the stellate neuron synapses. We recorded from the stellate neurons in layer II of the EC and stimulated the inputs from the deep layers by placing a stimulation electrode in layer IV (Fig. 1A). After recor ...
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway

... action is required (e.g., size, retinal position, and viewpoint) [24]. This is especially surprising because invariance is considered to be both characteristic of ventral object representations [45,46] and a necessary component for successful object recognition. This evidence suggests that the poste ...
download file
download file

... inappropriate plasticity could be destabilizing and even erase memories. As a result plasticity is regulated to prevent every random stimulus from modifying the brain. Attention is believed to be required for most forms of perceptual learning and regulates the plasticity associated with sensory expe ...
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Premovement neuronal activity

Premovement neuronal activity in neurophysiological literature refers to neuronal modulations that alter the rate at which neurons fire before a subject produces movement. Through experimentation with multiple animals, predominantly monkeys, it has been shown that several regions of the brain are particularly active and involved in initiation and preparation of movement. Two specific membrane potentials, the bereitschaftspotential, or the BP, and contingent negative variation, or the CNV, play a pivotal role in premovement neuronal activity. Both have been shown to be directly involved in planning and initiating movement. Multiple factors are involved with premovement neuronal activity including motor preparation, inhibition of motor response, programming of the target of movement, closed-looped and open-looped tasks, instructed delay periods, short-lead and long-lead changes, and mirror motor neurons.
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