Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... throughout several spinal segments. In 1979, Brown and colleagues examined in the spinal cord of the cat the correlation between the spontaneous firing of dorsal horn neurons, and found a significant number of neuron pairs with non-flat cross-correlograms, suggesting the existence of a common input ...
... throughout several spinal segments. In 1979, Brown and colleagues examined in the spinal cord of the cat the correlation between the spontaneous firing of dorsal horn neurons, and found a significant number of neuron pairs with non-flat cross-correlograms, suggesting the existence of a common input ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... ‘silent’ area of the brain. It contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these rapidly habituate if the stimulus is repeated. As I shall discuss la ...
... ‘silent’ area of the brain. It contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these rapidly habituate if the stimulus is repeated. As I shall discuss la ...
Genetic mechanisms behind cell specification Drosophila Magnus Baumgardt
... stem cell – the neuroblast 5-6 (NB5-6) – we have identified several novel mechanisms of cell fate specification in the Drosophila CNS. We find that, within this lineage, the differential specification of a group of sequentially generated neurons – the Ap cluster neurons – is critically dependent upo ...
... stem cell – the neuroblast 5-6 (NB5-6) – we have identified several novel mechanisms of cell fate specification in the Drosophila CNS. We find that, within this lineage, the differential specification of a group of sequentially generated neurons – the Ap cluster neurons – is critically dependent upo ...
Zinc Neurotoxicity and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
... more) forms free zinc ions (Zn2+) or is loosely bound and detectable by the staining using chelating reagents. Chelatable zinc is stored in the presynaptic vesicles of particular excitatory neurons, and is secreted from vesicles to synaptic clefts with excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate during th ...
... more) forms free zinc ions (Zn2+) or is loosely bound and detectable by the staining using chelating reagents. Chelatable zinc is stored in the presynaptic vesicles of particular excitatory neurons, and is secreted from vesicles to synaptic clefts with excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate during th ...
Chapter 15
... The organ of smell is the olfactory epithelium, which covers the superior nasal concha Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar neurons with radiating olfactory cilia Olfactory receptors are surrounded and cushioned by supporting cells Basal cells lie at the base of the epithelium ...
... The organ of smell is the olfactory epithelium, which covers the superior nasal concha Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar neurons with radiating olfactory cilia Olfactory receptors are surrounded and cushioned by supporting cells Basal cells lie at the base of the epithelium ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... identified in monkeys with single cell recordings. We can assume it is the MNs firing based on function and location deduced from animal research, but unless single cell recordings are combined with fMRI or EEG we cannot say with certainty that the measured activity belongs to the MNs (Rizzolatti & ...
... identified in monkeys with single cell recordings. We can assume it is the MNs firing based on function and location deduced from animal research, but unless single cell recordings are combined with fMRI or EEG we cannot say with certainty that the measured activity belongs to the MNs (Rizzolatti & ...
1 Prenatal Nicotine Exposure as a Teratogen in
... mental illnesses. Rodriguez and Bohlin noticed that the sex of the child was significant. These predictors can also be catalysts in the development of ADHD such as DAT polymorphism. A cofactor found by Bohlin and Rodriguez is stress. “One, because smokers tend to smoke more under stress and perceive ...
... mental illnesses. Rodriguez and Bohlin noticed that the sex of the child was significant. These predictors can also be catalysts in the development of ADHD such as DAT polymorphism. A cofactor found by Bohlin and Rodriguez is stress. “One, because smokers tend to smoke more under stress and perceive ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... restricts growth, however. The cell body response of the injured neurons also contributes to the capacity for regrowth, since a conditioning lesion of the sciatic nerve enhances regeneration of central axon of DRG neurons into peripheral nerves grafted into the dorsal column of the spinal cord (51, ...
... restricts growth, however. The cell body response of the injured neurons also contributes to the capacity for regrowth, since a conditioning lesion of the sciatic nerve enhances regeneration of central axon of DRG neurons into peripheral nerves grafted into the dorsal column of the spinal cord (51, ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears to be an associative network well suited to allow for both local and between-area associative learning (Braitenberg & Schüz, 1991; Fuster, 1994; Palm, 1982). If neurons in an associative network exhibit correlated activity ...
... which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears to be an associative network well suited to allow for both local and between-area associative learning (Braitenberg & Schüz, 1991; Fuster, 1994; Palm, 1982). If neurons in an associative network exhibit correlated activity ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
Behavioral and Pathological Effects in the Rat
... from altered neurotransmission, mostly within the basal ganglia (reviewed by Cadet, 1989). The permanent nature of the syndrome suggested, however, that it would more likely be associated with permanent histopathological changes. Silverstaining data indicated that sparse axonal degeneration may occu ...
... from altered neurotransmission, mostly within the basal ganglia (reviewed by Cadet, 1989). The permanent nature of the syndrome suggested, however, that it would more likely be associated with permanent histopathological changes. Silverstaining data indicated that sparse axonal degeneration may occu ...
The Big Picture File
... translates info about the internal and external environment into a form of information that is usable by the brain • Effectors: means by which the body responds to changing internal and external conditions ...
... translates info about the internal and external environment into a form of information that is usable by the brain • Effectors: means by which the body responds to changing internal and external conditions ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... Conditional SQS/CaMKII-cre mutants were born at the expected mendelian ratio, were viable and fertile, and had a normal life span. Mutants could not be distinguished from littermate controls by physical examination and lacked neurological defects such as clasping, tremor, or convulsions. Nevertheles ...
... Conditional SQS/CaMKII-cre mutants were born at the expected mendelian ratio, were viable and fertile, and had a normal life span. Mutants could not be distinguished from littermate controls by physical examination and lacked neurological defects such as clasping, tremor, or convulsions. Nevertheles ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... The rabbits were placed in a three-axis rate table at the center of a large sphere, permitting vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. We recorded from 74 neurons in the Psol and from 23 neurons in the regions bordering Psol. The activity of 72/74 Psol neurons and 4/23 non-Psol neurons was modulated ...
... The rabbits were placed in a three-axis rate table at the center of a large sphere, permitting vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. We recorded from 74 neurons in the Psol and from 23 neurons in the regions bordering Psol. The activity of 72/74 Psol neurons and 4/23 non-Psol neurons was modulated ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity in awake animals (albeit at lower time resolution) in large numbers of identified neurons across days and weeks (Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Dombeck et al., ...
... elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity in awake animals (albeit at lower time resolution) in large numbers of identified neurons across days and weeks (Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Dombeck et al., ...
Full text
... positively correlated with GnRH and LH release in the follicular but not in the luteal phase of the cycle. Moreover, it was demonstrated that NPY did not modulate the frequency or amplitude of LH pulses at the level of GnRH cell bodies, so their action on the pulsatile LH secretion could be attribut ...
... positively correlated with GnRH and LH release in the follicular but not in the luteal phase of the cycle. Moreover, it was demonstrated that NPY did not modulate the frequency or amplitude of LH pulses at the level of GnRH cell bodies, so their action on the pulsatile LH secretion could be attribut ...
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
... Initial phase : Neurons sensitive to it have increased firing Later phase : This firing reduces and we become insensitive to this property ...
... Initial phase : Neurons sensitive to it have increased firing Later phase : This firing reduces and we become insensitive to this property ...
Sample
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... Associative learning. Associative learning is a form of learning that results from exposure to a relationship between two events. ‘Conditioning procedures’ arrange different types of relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown ...
... Associative learning. Associative learning is a form of learning that results from exposure to a relationship between two events. ‘Conditioning procedures’ arrange different types of relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.