Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... three (5%) as fast-spiking neurons. A burst was defined by a high frequency of the first two action potentials (>200 Hz) that rode on a depolarizing potential followed by a long (tens of milliseconds) afterhyperpolarizing ...
... three (5%) as fast-spiking neurons. A burst was defined by a high frequency of the first two action potentials (>200 Hz) that rode on a depolarizing potential followed by a long (tens of milliseconds) afterhyperpolarizing ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting pote ...
... 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting pote ...
Altered Patterns of Dynorphin lmmunoreactivity Suggest
... and CA3 fields and to dispersion of the granule cell somata. Specimens processed with the Timm’s sulfide silver method for heavy metals provided independent evidence for the distribution of mossy fibers. In both control and TLE specimens, the patterns of labeling were virtually identical to those of ...
... and CA3 fields and to dispersion of the granule cell somata. Specimens processed with the Timm’s sulfide silver method for heavy metals provided independent evidence for the distribution of mossy fibers. In both control and TLE specimens, the patterns of labeling were virtually identical to those of ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... acepromazine maleate (1.1 mg/kg). The surface of the tegmentum overlying DNLL was surgically exposed. Saline solutions of ‘H-leucine (‘HLeu; 50-200 mCi/ml; specific activity, 58 Ci/mmol; ICN Radiochemicals #20036) mixed with either 10% HRP (Boehringer Mannheim) or 0.7-1.2% wheat germ agglutinin conj ...
... acepromazine maleate (1.1 mg/kg). The surface of the tegmentum overlying DNLL was surgically exposed. Saline solutions of ‘H-leucine (‘HLeu; 50-200 mCi/ml; specific activity, 58 Ci/mmol; ICN Radiochemicals #20036) mixed with either 10% HRP (Boehringer Mannheim) or 0.7-1.2% wheat germ agglutinin conj ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... • Answer 3: Neurons integrate excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) to generate action potentials or spikes which they communicate across their synapses to other neurons. It is thought that the average rate of arrivals of these spikes transmits all information relevant to neural processing in ...
... • Answer 3: Neurons integrate excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) to generate action potentials or spikes which they communicate across their synapses to other neurons. It is thought that the average rate of arrivals of these spikes transmits all information relevant to neural processing in ...
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
... the control of esophageal peristalsis (30–32). Murray et al. (33) suggested that NO has an inhibitory effect on the esophageal muscle contraction. It was reported that NOS expression increases in the nuclei of DMV and NTS due to acid exposure in the esophagus (5). In the present study, we also found ...
... the control of esophageal peristalsis (30–32). Murray et al. (33) suggested that NO has an inhibitory effect on the esophageal muscle contraction. It was reported that NOS expression increases in the nuclei of DMV and NTS due to acid exposure in the esophagus (5). In the present study, we also found ...
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex - LIRA-Lab
... processes (Fig. 2G), whereas astrocytic cell bodies and neuronal profiles are always unlabeled [143]. Like those immunoreactive for GAT-1 and GAT-2, GAT-3+ astrocytic processes form perivascular end-feet and are adjacent to axon terminals making either symmetric (Fig. 2G) or asymmetric synaptic cont ...
... processes (Fig. 2G), whereas astrocytic cell bodies and neuronal profiles are always unlabeled [143]. Like those immunoreactive for GAT-1 and GAT-2, GAT-3+ astrocytic processes form perivascular end-feet and are adjacent to axon terminals making either symmetric (Fig. 2G) or asymmetric synaptic cont ...
Degeneration and Regeneration in Crustacean
... sensory fibers can be identified by recording from medial branches of the meropodite thick bundle that contain at most one or two motor axons whose large spikes are clearly separable from those of the smaller sensory axons in extracellular recordings. It is possible to elicit sensory action potentia ...
... sensory fibers can be identified by recording from medial branches of the meropodite thick bundle that contain at most one or two motor axons whose large spikes are clearly separable from those of the smaller sensory axons in extracellular recordings. It is possible to elicit sensory action potentia ...
PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN
... potential (TRP) channels that sense and detect damage. The TRP channels are similar to voltage-gated ...
... potential (TRP) channels that sense and detect damage. The TRP channels are similar to voltage-gated ...
Distribution of GABA‐like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... was 62% in NT3-/- compared to 33% in BDNF-/- muscles (Table 1). Masticatory muscles differed in the extent of their spindle deficiency in mutant mice, particularly in NT3-deficient mutants. The superficial masseter showed a 75% loss whereas the zygomaticomandibularis showed only a 47% loss of spindl ...
... was 62% in NT3-/- compared to 33% in BDNF-/- muscles (Table 1). Masticatory muscles differed in the extent of their spindle deficiency in mutant mice, particularly in NT3-deficient mutants. The superficial masseter showed a 75% loss whereas the zygomaticomandibularis showed only a 47% loss of spindl ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
FREE Sample Here
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
On the role of primary motor cortex in arm movement
... building a coherent model of M1. A coherent model requires an answer to the following question: if the M1 population output encodes just one thing, what could that thing be? The model we arrive at is related to earlier views of muscle-based control. It accounts for later results by incorporating the ...
... building a coherent model of M1. A coherent model requires an answer to the following question: if the M1 population output encodes just one thing, what could that thing be? The model we arrive at is related to earlier views of muscle-based control. It accounts for later results by incorporating the ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
... due to the lower extracellular calcium concentration in vivo on the time scale of synaptic decay has not been considered heretofore. In the present paper, we study the persistence of synaptic changes, first in a synapse connecting a pair of independent Poisson neurons, and second in a large network ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... length, arranged in a 4 ⫻ 4 configuration. All GABAergic neurons, showing the waveforms and interspike interval distribution. E, Plot of firing rate versus spike width. Neurons arrays were attached to an Omnetics connector with wider action potentials are excluded (other). and fixed to the skull wit ...
... length, arranged in a 4 ⫻ 4 configuration. All GABAergic neurons, showing the waveforms and interspike interval distribution. E, Plot of firing rate versus spike width. Neurons arrays were attached to an Omnetics connector with wider action potentials are excluded (other). and fixed to the skull wit ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... area of cerebral cortex through ascending thalamocortical fibers (upward arrow). These axons have collaterals that contact the RE nucleus on the way to the cerebral cortex, where they arborize in superficial layers I and II, layer IV and layer VI. Corticothalamic feedback is mediated primarily by a ...
... area of cerebral cortex through ascending thalamocortical fibers (upward arrow). These axons have collaterals that contact the RE nucleus on the way to the cerebral cortex, where they arborize in superficial layers I and II, layer IV and layer VI. Corticothalamic feedback is mediated primarily by a ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... epithelium of axolotls contains both ciliated and microvillar receptor neurons, and the two types of neurons are found in homogeneous clusters throughout the epithelium. In contrast, vomeronasal receptor neurons terminate in microvilli, although a rare ciliated dendrite can be found in the vomeronas ...
... epithelium of axolotls contains both ciliated and microvillar receptor neurons, and the two types of neurons are found in homogeneous clusters throughout the epithelium. In contrast, vomeronasal receptor neurons terminate in microvilli, although a rare ciliated dendrite can be found in the vomeronas ...
Document
... When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________. a. an action potential Correct: The action potential is caused by a depolarization resulting from the influx of sodium ions through the neuron’s cellular membrane. b. breakdown of the cell nucleus c. a relative refractory p ...
... When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________. a. an action potential Correct: The action potential is caused by a depolarization resulting from the influx of sodium ions through the neuron’s cellular membrane. b. breakdown of the cell nucleus c. a relative refractory p ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... neurons in the DRDSh by anterograde and retrograde labeling after chemical depletion of serotonergic neurons. The projection was observed in various brain regions such as the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, hypothalamic nuclei, and preoptic area. These results suggest that VG ...
... neurons in the DRDSh by anterograde and retrograde labeling after chemical depletion of serotonergic neurons. The projection was observed in various brain regions such as the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, hypothalamic nuclei, and preoptic area. These results suggest that VG ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... Adrenoceptors (ARs) are members of the family of 7-transmembrane-domain guanine nucleotide protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are a significant pharmacological target in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The AR ...
... Adrenoceptors (ARs) are members of the family of 7-transmembrane-domain guanine nucleotide protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are a significant pharmacological target in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The AR ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.