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Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... al. 1970; Guinan et al. 1972a,b). Similar responses have been seen in the bat Eptesicus fuscus, but in this species the VNLL contains a specialized division, the columnar region. Neurons in this region have extremely tightly locked onset latencies that remain constant with changes in intensity and f ...
... al. 1970; Guinan et al. 1972a,b). Similar responses have been seen in the bat Eptesicus fuscus, but in this species the VNLL contains a specialized division, the columnar region. Neurons in this region have extremely tightly locked onset latencies that remain constant with changes in intensity and f ...
Sample
... d) quick succession Incorrect. This is not the term referred to by the book. ANS: A, p. 45, C, (2) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 22. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron ___________. a) has become less positive in charge b) has received, in its ...
... d) quick succession Incorrect. This is not the term referred to by the book. ANS: A, p. 45, C, (2) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 22. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron ___________. a) has become less positive in charge b) has received, in its ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has the potential to become a novel and effective therapy for a variety of cogn ...
... neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has the potential to become a novel and effective therapy for a variety of cogn ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... adrenal capsule. Three criteria were used to establish the antidromic nature (35, 37) of the responses of spinal neurons to adrenal nerve stimulation: 1) constant onset latency, 2) high following frequency, and 3) collision with spontaneous action potentials or those evoked orthodromically by stimul ...
... adrenal capsule. Three criteria were used to establish the antidromic nature (35, 37) of the responses of spinal neurons to adrenal nerve stimulation: 1) constant onset latency, 2) high following frequency, and 3) collision with spontaneous action potentials or those evoked orthodromically by stimul ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... the light (visual-motor neurons) or no activation in the dark (visualdominant neurons). Of these visually responsive neurons, more than half (n ⫽ 66) responded during the object-fixation task (object-type). Among these, 55 were tested for their shape selectivity during the object-fixation task, and ...
... the light (visual-motor neurons) or no activation in the dark (visualdominant neurons). Of these visually responsive neurons, more than half (n ⫽ 66) responded during the object-fixation task (object-type). Among these, 55 were tested for their shape selectivity during the object-fixation task, and ...
Chapter 8: Nervous System
... • Active channels (also called gated channels): – open and close in response to stimuli – at resting potential, most gated channels are closed Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Active channels (also called gated channels): – open and close in response to stimuli – at resting potential, most gated channels are closed Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e
... Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 17) Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________. A) a reflex arc B) the all-or-none response C) repolarization D) saltatory conduction E) graded potential Answer: B Page Ref: 236 Bloom' ...
... Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 17) Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________. A) a reflex arc B) the all-or-none response C) repolarization D) saltatory conduction E) graded potential Answer: B Page Ref: 236 Bloom' ...
J Darnell, KH2 domain I304N RGG G
... (epsp size used to measure synapse formation; EM confirmation as well as visible varicosities; when a different target neuron is co-cultured these varicosities don’t form full synaptic specialization) Presynaptic growth is not affected by Ab; synapse-formation specific effect Sensorin increases MAPK ...
... (epsp size used to measure synapse formation; EM confirmation as well as visible varicosities; when a different target neuron is co-cultured these varicosities don’t form full synaptic specialization) Presynaptic growth is not affected by Ab; synapse-formation specific effect Sensorin increases MAPK ...
Distinct roles of transcription factors EGL-46 and DAF
... al., 2001), and osm-6 has been shown to be regulated by a RFX transcription factor DAF-19, which plays a critical role in general sensory cilium differentiation (Swoboda et al., 2000; Haycraft et al., 2001). We report the isolation of an allele of egl-46, a putative zincfinger transcription factor, ...
... al., 2001), and osm-6 has been shown to be regulated by a RFX transcription factor DAF-19, which plays a critical role in general sensory cilium differentiation (Swoboda et al., 2000; Haycraft et al., 2001). We report the isolation of an allele of egl-46, a putative zincfinger transcription factor, ...
Development and evolution of the insect mushroom bodies: towards
... Fig. 1. Anatomy of the insect mushroom bodies. (A) Frontal section of the mushroom body of one hemisphere of the brain in the honeybee A. mellifera at the level of the medial lobe (M), medial to the left. In this species the Kenyon cell somata (Kc) can be subdivided into three concentric subpopulati ...
... Fig. 1. Anatomy of the insect mushroom bodies. (A) Frontal section of the mushroom body of one hemisphere of the brain in the honeybee A. mellifera at the level of the medial lobe (M), medial to the left. In this species the Kenyon cell somata (Kc) can be subdivided into three concentric subpopulati ...
Synaptic Targets of Medial Septal Projections in the Hippocampus
... or dendrites immunopositive for interneuron cell-type molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, N-terminal EFhand calcium-binding protein 1, cholecystokinin, reelin, or a combination of these molecules. Electron microscopic observations revealed septal boutons forming axosomatic ...
... or dendrites immunopositive for interneuron cell-type molecular markers, such as parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, N-terminal EFhand calcium-binding protein 1, cholecystokinin, reelin, or a combination of these molecules. Electron microscopic observations revealed septal boutons forming axosomatic ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... cells. This dichotomy could be due to subpopulations of GnRH neurones that arise either due to their involvement in generating the positive-feedback response, or in the signal they receive (GABA versus another) to increase their activity during the surge. We favour the latter explanation because the ...
... cells. This dichotomy could be due to subpopulations of GnRH neurones that arise either due to their involvement in generating the positive-feedback response, or in the signal they receive (GABA versus another) to increase their activity during the surge. We favour the latter explanation because the ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... al., 2012). Therefore, the bead like structures that were heavily phosphorylated with plasma phosphorylated neurafilament-H, indicated pathogenicity. As opposed to control MNs and nonMNs that have an even staining pattern.This finding highlights the possibility of targeting NF regulation for therape ...
... al., 2012). Therefore, the bead like structures that were heavily phosphorylated with plasma phosphorylated neurafilament-H, indicated pathogenicity. As opposed to control MNs and nonMNs that have an even staining pattern.This finding highlights the possibility of targeting NF regulation for therape ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... responded in a reversal task, immediately after the monkey had responded to the previously rewarded visual stimulus, but had obtained the punisher of salt taste rather than reward, indicating that the choice of stimulus should change in this visual discrimination reversal task. Importantly, at least ...
... responded in a reversal task, immediately after the monkey had responded to the previously rewarded visual stimulus, but had obtained the punisher of salt taste rather than reward, indicating that the choice of stimulus should change in this visual discrimination reversal task. Importantly, at least ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (LSR/NEI/NIH), Bethesda, MD]. The monkey sat in a primate chair, facing a frontoparallel screen 33 cm from the monkey’s eyes in a sound-attenuated and electrically shielded room. Stimuli generated by an active matrix liq ...
... of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (LSR/NEI/NIH), Bethesda, MD]. The monkey sat in a primate chair, facing a frontoparallel screen 33 cm from the monkey’s eyes in a sound-attenuated and electrically shielded room. Stimuli generated by an active matrix liq ...
A self-organizing model of disparity maps in the primary visual cortex
... report documents a computational approach based on the LISSOM model that was adopted to study the potential self-organizing aspect of binocular disparity. It is among the first studies making use of computational modelling to investigate the topographical organization of cortical neurons based on di ...
... report documents a computational approach based on the LISSOM model that was adopted to study the potential self-organizing aspect of binocular disparity. It is among the first studies making use of computational modelling to investigate the topographical organization of cortical neurons based on di ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... reflects the high degree of specificity of cortical connectivity. This anatomical organization may be the basis for a precise channeling of differential information at the single neuron level. Each of the cat’s numerous cortical representations of the visual hemifield is interconnected with many oth ...
... reflects the high degree of specificity of cortical connectivity. This anatomical organization may be the basis for a precise channeling of differential information at the single neuron level. Each of the cat’s numerous cortical representations of the visual hemifield is interconnected with many oth ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike trains I which a Gaussian refractory time has been ...
... cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike trains I which a Gaussian refractory time has been ...
Serotonergic Attenuation of the Reinforcing and Neurochemical
... mesolimbic DA systems, and the convergence of 5-HT terminals and DA neurons has been visualized in the VTA and NAcc at the light and electron microscopic levels (Herve et al., 1987; Phelix and Broderick, 1995). It is possible that 5-HT acts on cell bodies to decrease the firing rate of DA neurons or ...
... mesolimbic DA systems, and the convergence of 5-HT terminals and DA neurons has been visualized in the VTA and NAcc at the light and electron microscopic levels (Herve et al., 1987; Phelix and Broderick, 1995). It is possible that 5-HT acts on cell bodies to decrease the firing rate of DA neurons or ...
Print
... Thrombin and trypsin cleave PAR4 at R472G48YPGQV, and peptides corresponding to the tethered ligand domain GYPGQV can directly activate PAR4 (143, 317). Mutation of the cleavage site prevents activation by thrombin and trypsin, but not by the synthetic peptide, which confirms the importance of prote ...
... Thrombin and trypsin cleave PAR4 at R472G48YPGQV, and peptides corresponding to the tethered ligand domain GYPGQV can directly activate PAR4 (143, 317). Mutation of the cleavage site prevents activation by thrombin and trypsin, but not by the synthetic peptide, which confirms the importance of prote ...
Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression
... theories, each of which is focused on how one particular component of AD could trigger a cascade that contributes to the development of all other known abnormalities. However, re-evaluation of some of the older literature revealed that impairments in cerebral glucose utilization and energy metabolis ...
... theories, each of which is focused on how one particular component of AD could trigger a cascade that contributes to the development of all other known abnormalities. However, re-evaluation of some of the older literature revealed that impairments in cerebral glucose utilization and energy metabolis ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... 1. Electrophysiological study : results and perspectives ................................................ 145 2. Functional imaging study : results and perspectives .................................................. 147 3. Neuropsychological study : results and perspectives ......................... ...
... 1. Electrophysiological study : results and perspectives ................................................ 145 2. Functional imaging study : results and perspectives .................................................. 147 3. Neuropsychological study : results and perspectives ......................... ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.