Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression
... theories, each of which is focused on how one particular component of AD could trigger a cascade that contributes to the development of all other known abnormalities. However, re-evaluation of some of the older literature revealed that impairments in cerebral glucose utilization and energy metabolis ...
... theories, each of which is focused on how one particular component of AD could trigger a cascade that contributes to the development of all other known abnormalities. However, re-evaluation of some of the older literature revealed that impairments in cerebral glucose utilization and energy metabolis ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... have defects in long-term potentiation (LTP) and manifest motor and behavioral abnormalities that parallel findings in AS in spite of normal cellular architecture in the brain (9). The neurological deficits in AS mice have been directly linked to the postsynaptic calcium/calmodulin kinase type 2 (Ca ...
... have defects in long-term potentiation (LTP) and manifest motor and behavioral abnormalities that parallel findings in AS in spite of normal cellular architecture in the brain (9). The neurological deficits in AS mice have been directly linked to the postsynaptic calcium/calmodulin kinase type 2 (Ca ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... In the delayed go/no-go task we tested how task-related activity in 188 of 505 tested neurons (37%) differed between rewarded and unrewarded trials (Tremblay and Schultz, 2000a). Rewarded nonmovement trials served as controls for movement relationships. Instruction responses occurred in 99 of 188 ta ...
... In the delayed go/no-go task we tested how task-related activity in 188 of 505 tested neurons (37%) differed between rewarded and unrewarded trials (Tremblay and Schultz, 2000a). Rewarded nonmovement trials served as controls for movement relationships. Instruction responses occurred in 99 of 188 ta ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... study recorded from single neurons in patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical reasons. The subjects looked at a hybrid superposition of two images representing familiar individuals, landmarks, objects, or animals and had to enhance one image at the expense of the other, competin ...
... study recorded from single neurons in patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical reasons. The subjects looked at a hybrid superposition of two images representing familiar individuals, landmarks, objects, or animals and had to enhance one image at the expense of the other, competin ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
NIH Public Access
... signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons have peaked delay functions that reveal facilitatory interactions at some delays, but ...
... signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons have peaked delay functions that reveal facilitatory interactions at some delays, but ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... thought to regulate the most global aspects of human behavior, such as planning and decision making, and are said to come into play when a task is novel or difficult (Baddeley, 1986; Logan, 1985; Norman & Shallice, 1986). One aspect of executive control concerns response monitoring, or ensuring that ...
... thought to regulate the most global aspects of human behavior, such as planning and decision making, and are said to come into play when a task is novel or difficult (Baddeley, 1986; Logan, 1985; Norman & Shallice, 1986). One aspect of executive control concerns response monitoring, or ensuring that ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
J Comp Neurol 2000 Lavenex - University of California, Berkeley
... caching behavior (Thompson and Thompson, 1980). During the nonbreeding season, males maintain larger home ranges than females (Thompson, 1978), and sex differences in home range further increase during the breeding season, when males are actively searching for females (Thompson, 1977). Eastern gray ...
... caching behavior (Thompson and Thompson, 1980). During the nonbreeding season, males maintain larger home ranges than females (Thompson, 1978), and sex differences in home range further increase during the breeding season, when males are actively searching for females (Thompson, 1977). Eastern gray ...
chapt13_lectureS
... – quadriplegia – paralysis of all four limbs – respiratory paralysis, loss of sensation or motor ...
... – quadriplegia – paralysis of all four limbs – respiratory paralysis, loss of sensation or motor ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... frequent group and they are widely distributed across all cortical layers (Fig. 1C). The other two types of neurons described by Wegner and coauthors (2003) reveal faintly labelled PNs. One of them represents glutamate-positive excitatory pyramidal cells with PNs weakly stained by WFA, whereas the s ...
... frequent group and they are widely distributed across all cortical layers (Fig. 1C). The other two types of neurons described by Wegner and coauthors (2003) reveal faintly labelled PNs. One of them represents glutamate-positive excitatory pyramidal cells with PNs weakly stained by WFA, whereas the s ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent stages of brain development. Previous studies have shown that different functional subclasses of cortical GABA-containing neurons can be distinguished by antibodies to the calcium-bi ...
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent stages of brain development. Previous studies have shown that different functional subclasses of cortical GABA-containing neurons can be distinguished by antibodies to the calcium-bi ...
NIH Public Access - Medicinal Genomics
... It seems logical that mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels would cause epilepsy, because these channels are in part responsible for controlling electrical excitability. Membrane depolarization activates the channel, causing a voltage-dependent conformational change that increases the permeabil ...
... It seems logical that mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels would cause epilepsy, because these channels are in part responsible for controlling electrical excitability. Membrane depolarization activates the channel, causing a voltage-dependent conformational change that increases the permeabil ...
Development - Publications Repository
... Neuropilin (NRP) receptors and their class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3) ligands play well-established roles in axon guidance, with loss of NRP1, NRP2, SEMA3A or SEMA3F causing defasciculation and errors in growth cone guidance of peripherally projecting nerves. Here we report that loss of NRP1 or NRP2 also ...
... Neuropilin (NRP) receptors and their class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3) ligands play well-established roles in axon guidance, with loss of NRP1, NRP2, SEMA3A or SEMA3F causing defasciculation and errors in growth cone guidance of peripherally projecting nerves. Here we report that loss of NRP1 or NRP2 also ...
chapter 9_lecture - Leland Public Schools
... General Functions of the Nervous System A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconsci ...
... General Functions of the Nervous System A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconsci ...
The Spinal Cord
... or the layer of Waldeyer • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
... or the layer of Waldeyer • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
Fluoxetine and hyperforin appear to act like a
... receptors then relay the signal from the neurotransmitters, called an EPSP, to the rest of the postsynaptic neuron, and release the neurotransmitters back into the cleft. Pumps on the presynaptic neuron become activated when an excess of neurotransmitter ...
... receptors then relay the signal from the neurotransmitters, called an EPSP, to the rest of the postsynaptic neuron, and release the neurotransmitters back into the cleft. Pumps on the presynaptic neuron become activated when an excess of neurotransmitter ...
Neurophysiological correlates of hypnotic analgesia
... studied by recording intracranial somatosensory event-related potentials (SEPs) to painful cutaneous stimuli during hypnotically suggested analgesia. Kropotov, Crawford and Polyakov (1997) found that the hypnotically responsive patient reduced pain perception during suggested hypnotic analgesia and ...
... studied by recording intracranial somatosensory event-related potentials (SEPs) to painful cutaneous stimuli during hypnotically suggested analgesia. Kropotov, Crawford and Polyakov (1997) found that the hypnotically responsive patient reduced pain perception during suggested hypnotic analgesia and ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... (Dombrowski and others 2001). Cortical GABAergic neurons are diverse in phenotype, site of their postsynaptic targets, and efficacy of inhibitory control (Kawaguchi and Kubota 1997; Somogyi and others 1998; Thomson and Deuchars 1997; White and Keller 1989). Understanding the organization of inhibito ...
... (Dombrowski and others 2001). Cortical GABAergic neurons are diverse in phenotype, site of their postsynaptic targets, and efficacy of inhibitory control (Kawaguchi and Kubota 1997; Somogyi and others 1998; Thomson and Deuchars 1997; White and Keller 1989). Understanding the organization of inhibito ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... The cortex, although heterogeneous at the cellular level, has a well-organized topographic structure. The cortex can be divided into 6 layers along the radial axis and each layer consists of different neuronal cell types. A strong vertical organization (column) is also apparent and this column spans ...
... The cortex, although heterogeneous at the cellular level, has a well-organized topographic structure. The cortex can be divided into 6 layers along the radial axis and each layer consists of different neuronal cell types. A strong vertical organization (column) is also apparent and this column spans ...
propofol alters vesicular transport in rat cortical neuronal cultures
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
Wasp uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior F. Libersat
... into the nervous system of its prey The first sting is applied to the first thoracic segment, which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because t ...
... into the nervous system of its prey The first sting is applied to the first thoracic segment, which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because t ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... neurons). These neurons have been further differentiated according to their different firing properties in relation to different types of grip: 25 of them fired during precision grip (grasping performed by the index and thumb) while 13 responded to whole hand grasping; 5 responded to both type of gr ...
... neurons). These neurons have been further differentiated according to their different firing properties in relation to different types of grip: 25 of them fired during precision grip (grasping performed by the index and thumb) while 13 responded to whole hand grasping; 5 responded to both type of gr ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.