Optogenetic Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ofMRI
... axonal tracts or fibers of passage [3]. Importantly, it is not clear which kinds of activity are capable of triggering BOLD responses, placing limitations on interpretation for both clinical and scientific applications. For example, it is sometimes assumed that positive BOLD signals can be triggered ...
... axonal tracts or fibers of passage [3]. Importantly, it is not clear which kinds of activity are capable of triggering BOLD responses, placing limitations on interpretation for both clinical and scientific applications. For example, it is sometimes assumed that positive BOLD signals can be triggered ...
vollllllkkks_1
... and somatic neurons. Because the number of synapses between the thoracolumbar outflow and postganglionic parasympathetic and somatic neurons is less than the sacral outflow, the resulting erection will not be as strong. Somatic Pathways The somatosensory pathway originates at the sensory receptors i ...
... and somatic neurons. Because the number of synapses between the thoracolumbar outflow and postganglionic parasympathetic and somatic neurons is less than the sacral outflow, the resulting erection will not be as strong. Somatic Pathways The somatosensory pathway originates at the sensory receptors i ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... to ACh. ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. These receptors allow Na+ and K+ to flow through and the increase in Na+ depolarizes the membrane. ...
... to ACh. ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. These receptors allow Na+ and K+ to flow through and the increase in Na+ depolarizes the membrane. ...
Addressing of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors
... For immunofluorescence staining of cells grown in Transwell cultures, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and the non-specific epitopes were blocked via the same protocol as described above. The cells were then incubated with both a 1:100 dilution of primary mouse HA antibody and 1:500 dilution of rat ...
... For immunofluorescence staining of cells grown in Transwell cultures, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and the non-specific epitopes were blocked via the same protocol as described above. The cells were then incubated with both a 1:100 dilution of primary mouse HA antibody and 1:500 dilution of rat ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... FIGURE 26.11 Optical imaging of functional architecture in the primate visual cortex. (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for optical imaging. Digitized images of a region of visual cortex (as in B) are taken with a CCD camera while the anesthetized, paralyzed animal is viewing a visual ...
... FIGURE 26.11 Optical imaging of functional architecture in the primate visual cortex. (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for optical imaging. Digitized images of a region of visual cortex (as in B) are taken with a CCD camera while the anesthetized, paralyzed animal is viewing a visual ...
Somatic Sensations: General Organization
... pressure, pain, cold, warmth, itch, and tickle from the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head to the postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex. University of Jordan ...
... pressure, pain, cold, warmth, itch, and tickle from the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head to the postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex. University of Jordan ...
Acoustic-Motor Reflexes - Neurobiology of Hearing
... Up to two months of life, when a baby is startled, its arms extend forwards with the palms upwards and the thumbs flexed. This reflex occurs when a baby is startled by an intense sound or it feels as though it were falling. It is specifically termed the moro reflex Sometimes babies are startled by ...
... Up to two months of life, when a baby is startled, its arms extend forwards with the palms upwards and the thumbs flexed. This reflex occurs when a baby is startled by an intense sound or it feels as though it were falling. It is specifically termed the moro reflex Sometimes babies are startled by ...
sympathetic division
... other nerves leave by way of sympathetic nerves that extend to the heart, lungs, esophagus and thoracic blood vessels these nerves form carotid plexus around each carotid artery of the neck issue fibers from there to the effectors in the head ...
... other nerves leave by way of sympathetic nerves that extend to the heart, lungs, esophagus and thoracic blood vessels these nerves form carotid plexus around each carotid artery of the neck issue fibers from there to the effectors in the head ...
Minireview - Leslie Vosshall
... that receive significant innervation from neurons expressing fruitless (fru), a putative zinc finger transcription factor that is a major regulator of male sexual behavior (Ito et al., 1996; Ryner et al., 1996; Manoli et al., 2005; Stockinger et al., 2005). When these fru-expressing neurons are sile ...
... that receive significant innervation from neurons expressing fruitless (fru), a putative zinc finger transcription factor that is a major regulator of male sexual behavior (Ito et al., 1996; Ryner et al., 1996; Manoli et al., 2005; Stockinger et al., 2005). When these fru-expressing neurons are sile ...
Friday October 19th
... that muscle and synergistic muscles and polysynaptic inhibition of motoneurons to antagonistic muscles. Recall frog reflex lab and existence of spinal reflexes in single-pithed frogs. Also, example Christopher Reeve and ...
... that muscle and synergistic muscles and polysynaptic inhibition of motoneurons to antagonistic muscles. Recall frog reflex lab and existence of spinal reflexes in single-pithed frogs. Also, example Christopher Reeve and ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
PDF
... (Stewart, 1978), at different stages of development. The neuron trios lie immediately beneath the limiting membrane on the dorsal surface of the nervous system. If an embryo is freed from yolk and pinned out with its dorsal side uppermost, the neurons are easy to identify with a compound microscope ...
... (Stewart, 1978), at different stages of development. The neuron trios lie immediately beneath the limiting membrane on the dorsal surface of the nervous system. If an embryo is freed from yolk and pinned out with its dorsal side uppermost, the neurons are easy to identify with a compound microscope ...
What is the other 85% of V1 doing?
... of interaction may be crucial to the operation of the system, and so cutting them out—either in theories or experiments—may give a misleading picture of how the system actually works. Obviously, if one knew in advance what the important modes of interaction were then one could choose to reduce appro ...
... of interaction may be crucial to the operation of the system, and so cutting them out—either in theories or experiments—may give a misleading picture of how the system actually works. Obviously, if one knew in advance what the important modes of interaction were then one could choose to reduce appro ...
W507 – Basic human biology and target organs
... respiratory system • A particles ability to reach the deep lung depends on chemical and physical structure, including size, density and shape • Diameter is generally the most important factor that affects whether (and where) a particle will deposit in the respiratory system • Strictly speaking it is ...
... respiratory system • A particles ability to reach the deep lung depends on chemical and physical structure, including size, density and shape • Diameter is generally the most important factor that affects whether (and where) a particle will deposit in the respiratory system • Strictly speaking it is ...
File
... the senses of smell and taste. In contrast, for many organisms that have evolved living in water, there is not a big difference between the senses of smell and taste. Gustation, the sense of taste, is closely related to the sense of smell -in fact, much of what we think of as taste is actually smell ...
... the senses of smell and taste. In contrast, for many organisms that have evolved living in water, there is not a big difference between the senses of smell and taste. Gustation, the sense of taste, is closely related to the sense of smell -in fact, much of what we think of as taste is actually smell ...
harsh 1
... Pressure potential is based on mechanical pressure, and is an important component of the total water potential within plant cells. Pressure potential is increased as water enters a cell. As water passes through the cell wall and cell membrane, it increases the total amount of water present inside th ...
... Pressure potential is based on mechanical pressure, and is an important component of the total water potential within plant cells. Pressure potential is increased as water enters a cell. As water passes through the cell wall and cell membrane, it increases the total amount of water present inside th ...
Lymphatic System
... Store and release blood during stress Recycle old blood cells B cell maturation into plasma cells ...
... Store and release blood during stress Recycle old blood cells B cell maturation into plasma cells ...
Motor “Binding:” Do Functional Assemblies in Primary Motor Cortex
... not placed neural synchrony into the larger context of motor binding. New findings from Jackson et al. (2003) and Hatsopoulos et al. (2003) bring the connection between motor binding and M1 neural synchrony substantially forward. Jackson et al. took advantage of the muscle field feature of the CM sy ...
... not placed neural synchrony into the larger context of motor binding. New findings from Jackson et al. (2003) and Hatsopoulos et al. (2003) bring the connection between motor binding and M1 neural synchrony substantially forward. Jackson et al. took advantage of the muscle field feature of the CM sy ...
Biological Cybernetics
... • Simple models explaining the rhythmicity of the EEG • Based on Wilson and Cowan model • A feedback loop through a third set of neurons – Lopes da Silva et al. • Positive and negative feedback loops with two excitatory and one inhibitory subsets of neurons – Zetterberg et al. ...
... • Simple models explaining the rhythmicity of the EEG • Based on Wilson and Cowan model • A feedback loop through a third set of neurons – Lopes da Silva et al. • Positive and negative feedback loops with two excitatory and one inhibitory subsets of neurons – Zetterberg et al. ...
Well That Frog Just Doesn`t Have The Nerve
... The sciatic nerve of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is composed of many neurons. Neurons are composed of a cell body with myelinated axons and dendrites (Freeman 1999). Both axons and dendrites facilitate the conduction of impulses to the brain so that muscle contraction is possible. The a ...
... The sciatic nerve of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is composed of many neurons. Neurons are composed of a cell body with myelinated axons and dendrites (Freeman 1999). Both axons and dendrites facilitate the conduction of impulses to the brain so that muscle contraction is possible. The a ...
PDF
... belonged to bushy or stellate cell categories. The latencies of IPSPs evoked by stimulation of the contralateral AN ranged between 3.3 and 7.6 ms for the majority of neurons, and were similar to those of contralaterally-induced IPSPs in the PVCN and DCN [14]. As discussed previously [14], these late ...
... belonged to bushy or stellate cell categories. The latencies of IPSPs evoked by stimulation of the contralateral AN ranged between 3.3 and 7.6 ms for the majority of neurons, and were similar to those of contralaterally-induced IPSPs in the PVCN and DCN [14]. As discussed previously [14], these late ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.