Principles of Neural Science
... their central pathways and target areas in the brain, comprise a sensory system, and activity within a system gives rise to specific types of sensations such as touch, taste, vision, or hearing. The location of the stimulus is represented by the set of sensory receptors within the sensory system tha ...
... their central pathways and target areas in the brain, comprise a sensory system, and activity within a system gives rise to specific types of sensations such as touch, taste, vision, or hearing. The location of the stimulus is represented by the set of sensory receptors within the sensory system tha ...
Understanding the Human Sensory Conduction of Smell
... discrimination at the level of odorant-receptor binding. (A) The odorant A can bind to four different types of olfactory receptor (OR) respectively, (B) Each of the three different odorants, A, B, and C can commonly bind to OR1 because of the triangular epitope, (C) The odorant A can bind to OR2 in ...
... discrimination at the level of odorant-receptor binding. (A) The odorant A can bind to four different types of olfactory receptor (OR) respectively, (B) Each of the three different odorants, A, B, and C can commonly bind to OR1 because of the triangular epitope, (C) The odorant A can bind to OR2 in ...
Chapter 143: Auditory System - Physiology
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
NeuralNets273ASpring09
... Neurons • Neurons communicate by receiving signals on their dendrites. Adding these signals and firing off a new signal along the axon if the total input exceeds a threshold. • The axon connects to new dendrites through synapses which can learn how much signal is transmitted. • McCulloch and Pitt ( ...
... Neurons • Neurons communicate by receiving signals on their dendrites. Adding these signals and firing off a new signal along the axon if the total input exceeds a threshold. • The axon connects to new dendrites through synapses which can learn how much signal is transmitted. • McCulloch and Pitt ( ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... through the vibrissal field. Such processing of information appears to depend in part on intracortical mechanisms. INTRODUCTION ...
... through the vibrissal field. Such processing of information appears to depend in part on intracortical mechanisms. INTRODUCTION ...
21-Spinal Cord Tracts I
... Motor Pathways • Contain a sequence of TWO neurons from the cerebral cortex or brain stem to the ...
... Motor Pathways • Contain a sequence of TWO neurons from the cerebral cortex or brain stem to the ...
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System LEARNING
... The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons: The Autonomic Nervous System ...
... The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons: The Autonomic Nervous System ...
Serotonin Receptors – From Molecular Biology to
... nociception in trigeminic ganglia (Cutrer et al. 1999). The function of the 5-HT1E receptor is unknown due to the lack of selective pharmacological tools, specific antibodies and permissive animal models. The 5-HT1E receptor gene lacks polymorphisms amongst humans, indicating a high degree of evolut ...
... nociception in trigeminic ganglia (Cutrer et al. 1999). The function of the 5-HT1E receptor is unknown due to the lack of selective pharmacological tools, specific antibodies and permissive animal models. The 5-HT1E receptor gene lacks polymorphisms amongst humans, indicating a high degree of evolut ...
Nervous System I - Union County College
... • The frontal lobes initiate motor activity and are responsible for speech, conscious thought, and personality. • these lobes may be further divided into the prefontal lobes or cortex (the most forward area of these lobes) which are the intellectual center ...
... • The frontal lobes initiate motor activity and are responsible for speech, conscious thought, and personality. • these lobes may be further divided into the prefontal lobes or cortex (the most forward area of these lobes) which are the intellectual center ...
Neurobiology of learning
... first relayed to a bundle of nerves 3 inches behind your left ear that “fire” when letter sequences like “b-a-n-a-n-a” are read. A second signal is then relayed to an area on the opposite side of your head (4 inches behind your right ear) where bundles of nerve networks are associated with different ...
... first relayed to a bundle of nerves 3 inches behind your left ear that “fire” when letter sequences like “b-a-n-a-n-a” are read. A second signal is then relayed to an area on the opposite side of your head (4 inches behind your right ear) where bundles of nerve networks are associated with different ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... feature can elicit a phasic DA response. Recent analyses of cortical visual processing (for reviews, see REFS 51,52) indicate that signals related to the identity of objects can be recorded in the inferotemporal cortex ~80–100 ms after stimulus onset. By this time many of the DA neurons have already ...
... feature can elicit a phasic DA response. Recent analyses of cortical visual processing (for reviews, see REFS 51,52) indicate that signals related to the identity of objects can be recorded in the inferotemporal cortex ~80–100 ms after stimulus onset. By this time many of the DA neurons have already ...
Paying attention to correlated neural activity
... © 2008 Nature Publishing Group http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience ...
... © 2008 Nature Publishing Group http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience ...
Occipital Nerve Stimulation Suppresses Nociception
... • ONS is an emerging therapy for chronic daily headache (e.g. chronic migraine) • Migraine pain may result from sensitization of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis • This study quantifies the effects of ONS on these neurons in a rat model of central trigeminal sensitization ...
... • ONS is an emerging therapy for chronic daily headache (e.g. chronic migraine) • Migraine pain may result from sensitization of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis • This study quantifies the effects of ONS on these neurons in a rat model of central trigeminal sensitization ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... potentially identify hundreds of thousands. Because small structural changes in odorant molecules alter the interaction with the receptors only gradually, the number of chemicals that can be smelled is theoretically unlimited. A receptor protein recognizes a defined part of a molecule very specifica ...
... potentially identify hundreds of thousands. Because small structural changes in odorant molecules alter the interaction with the receptors only gradually, the number of chemicals that can be smelled is theoretically unlimited. A receptor protein recognizes a defined part of a molecule very specifica ...
CHAPTER 9 MUSCULAR SYSTEM: HISTOLOGY
... the microfilaments. Have them draw these structures in their notes or as a homework assignment. Membrane Potentials, Ion Channels, Action Potentials Stress the fact that muscles are excitable tissue and have resting membrane potentials that can be altered. Students must understand the resting membra ...
... the microfilaments. Have them draw these structures in their notes or as a homework assignment. Membrane Potentials, Ion Channels, Action Potentials Stress the fact that muscles are excitable tissue and have resting membrane potentials that can be altered. Students must understand the resting membra ...
Not all vosial categorization tasks require attention
... 1) The new series of recordings is from a population of IT neurons spanning a broader range of shape selectivity, compared to the previous study. Instead of focusing on highly selective neurons tuned to small sets of similar shapes, as done in the previous study, we are currently measuring the selec ...
... 1) The new series of recordings is from a population of IT neurons spanning a broader range of shape selectivity, compared to the previous study. Instead of focusing on highly selective neurons tuned to small sets of similar shapes, as done in the previous study, we are currently measuring the selec ...
Neurobiomechanical Influences on Nerve Conduction
... how the structure of nerves help control conduction and the areas that I found difficult. Next I will cover how mechanical stresses affect nerve conduction, how we measure stresses in nerves and how the structure of nerves deals with these stresses. ...
... how the structure of nerves help control conduction and the areas that I found difficult. Next I will cover how mechanical stresses affect nerve conduction, how we measure stresses in nerves and how the structure of nerves deals with these stresses. ...
PPT - gserianne.com
... Actions of Amino Acid-Derived Hormones • hormone (first messenger) binds to receptor on cell membrane • adenylate cyclase activated • ATP converted to cAMP • cAMP (second messenger) promotes a series of reactions leading to cellular changes ...
... Actions of Amino Acid-Derived Hormones • hormone (first messenger) binds to receptor on cell membrane • adenylate cyclase activated • ATP converted to cAMP • cAMP (second messenger) promotes a series of reactions leading to cellular changes ...
External Factors and Plant Growth
... • Gravitropism is a response to gravity - if a seedling is placed on its side, the root will curve to grow downward and the shoot will curve to grow upward • Auxin may play a role in the response of shoots auxin-inducible genes exist and auxin induces increased growth in cells in which the gene is a ...
... • Gravitropism is a response to gravity - if a seedling is placed on its side, the root will curve to grow downward and the shoot will curve to grow upward • Auxin may play a role in the response of shoots auxin-inducible genes exist and auxin induces increased growth in cells in which the gene is a ...
Primer
... arranged in columns 30–50 microns wide which run perpendicularly between the white matter and the pial surface (Figure 1d). The physiological investigations of Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel, beginning in the late 1950s, showed that neurons in the same column have similar physiological properties, an ...
... arranged in columns 30–50 microns wide which run perpendicularly between the white matter and the pial surface (Figure 1d). The physiological investigations of Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel, beginning in the late 1950s, showed that neurons in the same column have similar physiological properties, an ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.