In vivo two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal networks
... he question of how neuronal networks accomplish information processing is central for the understanding of higher brain functions. This question is difficult to answer, not only because of the immense number of computing elements, but also because of the difficulties of direct real-time monitoring o ...
... he question of how neuronal networks accomplish information processing is central for the understanding of higher brain functions. This question is difficult to answer, not only because of the immense number of computing elements, but also because of the difficulties of direct real-time monitoring o ...
May 11, 04copy.doc
... Measures of relative optical density were obtained from all the tangential α1-GABAAimmunostained sections, from cortical layer I (whenever possible) to layer IV. Samples were taken within a computer-generated circle over each barrel column, allowing for comparisons between deprived and intact rows. ...
... Measures of relative optical density were obtained from all the tangential α1-GABAAimmunostained sections, from cortical layer I (whenever possible) to layer IV. Samples were taken within a computer-generated circle over each barrel column, allowing for comparisons between deprived and intact rows. ...
important ascending tracts
... fastigial nucleus, concerned with regulation of muscle tone for posture and locomotion. PARAVERMIS - intermediate part of the cerebellum, associated with the interpositus nucleus; participates in the control of an evolving movement by utilizing proprioceptive sensory information generated by the mov ...
... fastigial nucleus, concerned with regulation of muscle tone for posture and locomotion. PARAVERMIS - intermediate part of the cerebellum, associated with the interpositus nucleus; participates in the control of an evolving movement by utilizing proprioceptive sensory information generated by the mov ...
Exam 1 4-23
... CT head scan that was taken within ten minutes of her collapse, a diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm of the basilar artery was made. The diagnosis was based on findings that included, in the CT scan, the presence of a large amount of blood in the region where the vessel ruptured. The space that contai ...
... CT head scan that was taken within ten minutes of her collapse, a diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm of the basilar artery was made. The diagnosis was based on findings that included, in the CT scan, the presence of a large amount of blood in the region where the vessel ruptured. The space that contai ...
A Glossary
... cerebrum (also called cerebral cortex): The largest brain structure in humans, accounting for about two-thirds of the brain’s mass and positioned over and around most other brain structures. The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres, as well as specific areas called lobes that are asso ...
... cerebrum (also called cerebral cortex): The largest brain structure in humans, accounting for about two-thirds of the brain’s mass and positioned over and around most other brain structures. The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres, as well as specific areas called lobes that are asso ...
the requirements of the neuroanatomy exam for dentistry students
... REGIONAL ANATOMY OF HEAD and NECK Students must know: 1. the skin innervation in full details, which branch of which (cranial or other) nerve, the precise course of them including related structures of the skull (till the end of semester the complete route of transmission of sensory information (inc ...
... REGIONAL ANATOMY OF HEAD and NECK Students must know: 1. the skin innervation in full details, which branch of which (cranial or other) nerve, the precise course of them including related structures of the skull (till the end of semester the complete route of transmission of sensory information (inc ...
An Energy Budget for Signaling in the Grey Matter of the Brain
... exchange, requiring 1.2 × 104 ATPs. The mechanics of exocytosis and vesicle recycling are poorly understood. The energy needed for membrane fusion has been estimated (Siegel, 1993), as that needed to form the “stalk” and “transmonolayer contact” structures postulated to lead to a fusion pore. This i ...
... exchange, requiring 1.2 × 104 ATPs. The mechanics of exocytosis and vesicle recycling are poorly understood. The energy needed for membrane fusion has been estimated (Siegel, 1993), as that needed to form the “stalk” and “transmonolayer contact” structures postulated to lead to a fusion pore. This i ...
Roles for miRNAs in Timing Developmental Progression Within
... a certain level of maturity or connectivity. However, additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels ...
... a certain level of maturity or connectivity. However, additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... of values for q, since neural coincidence-detectors with precisions ranging from milliseconds to seconds have been identified [10], and the range of timescales for which firing rates influence synaptic efficacy is also large. Fortunately, there are highly efficient algorithms [68] to calculate these ...
... of values for q, since neural coincidence-detectors with precisions ranging from milliseconds to seconds have been identified [10], and the range of timescales for which firing rates influence synaptic efficacy is also large. Fortunately, there are highly efficient algorithms [68] to calculate these ...
14 Regulation by hypothalamo-hypophisial system and adrenal
... Notion about hormones • The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete chemical signals into the circulatory system. • The secretory products of endocrine glands are called hormones (hoЇrmoЇnz), a term derived from the Greek word hormon, meaning to set into motion. • Traditionally, a hormo ...
... Notion about hormones • The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete chemical signals into the circulatory system. • The secretory products of endocrine glands are called hormones (hoЇrmoЇnz), a term derived from the Greek word hormon, meaning to set into motion. • Traditionally, a hormo ...
Ultrastructure and Function of Cephalopod Chromatophores
... muscle fibers that represent separate cells. The pigment granules are contained within an elastic sacculus within the pigment cell. The sacculus is attached around the equator of the chromatophore to the cell membrane by zonal haptosomes. In turn, the cell membrane is attached to the radial muscle f ...
... muscle fibers that represent separate cells. The pigment granules are contained within an elastic sacculus within the pigment cell. The sacculus is attached around the equator of the chromatophore to the cell membrane by zonal haptosomes. In turn, the cell membrane is attached to the radial muscle f ...
optimization of neuronal cultures derived from human induced
... iCell Neurons grown in presence of glia show larger presynaptic responses at all frequencies. ...
... iCell Neurons grown in presence of glia show larger presynaptic responses at all frequencies. ...
Cervical Plexus
... The branches of the lumbar plexus The iliohypogastric nerve The ilioinguinal nerve The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve The femoral nerve The obturator nerve The genitofemoral nerve ...
... The branches of the lumbar plexus The iliohypogastric nerve The ilioinguinal nerve The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve The femoral nerve The obturator nerve The genitofemoral nerve ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • All release ACh as neurotransmitter • Small, with narrow synaptic clefts • Effects of stimulation are short lived • Inactivated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at synapse • ACh is also inactivated by tissue cholinesterase in surrounding tissues ...
... • All release ACh as neurotransmitter • Small, with narrow synaptic clefts • Effects of stimulation are short lived • Inactivated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at synapse • ACh is also inactivated by tissue cholinesterase in surrounding tissues ...
PDF here
... provide an answer to this question, and no data are available correlating weakness or death with loss of spinal motor neurons. In order to better understand the progression of disease in the SOD1G93A mutant mouse, we undertook a systematic pathological study of these animals at multiple time points ...
... provide an answer to this question, and no data are available correlating weakness or death with loss of spinal motor neurons. In order to better understand the progression of disease in the SOD1G93A mutant mouse, we undertook a systematic pathological study of these animals at multiple time points ...
Hearing, Ribbon Synapses and Noise Induced Hearing Loss
... auditory neruopathy or processing disorders ...
... auditory neruopathy or processing disorders ...
BAD-LAMP defines a subset of early endocytic organelles in
... site of initial contact between axons and dendrites. These vesicles, containing the different proteins necessary for proper establishment and function of synapses, are the results of complex interplay between the secretion and the endocytic membrane transport pathways (Kennedy and Ehlers, 2006). Ano ...
... site of initial contact between axons and dendrites. These vesicles, containing the different proteins necessary for proper establishment and function of synapses, are the results of complex interplay between the secretion and the endocytic membrane transport pathways (Kennedy and Ehlers, 2006). Ano ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... accumulation of grain clusters in several diencephalic nuclei, including the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH; Fig. 1A) and the PVa (Fig. 1B). The ARH contained only few VGLUT2 neurons, most of which were localized laterally within the nucleus. These glutamatergic cells were labelled lightly o ...
... accumulation of grain clusters in several diencephalic nuclei, including the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH; Fig. 1A) and the PVa (Fig. 1B). The ARH contained only few VGLUT2 neurons, most of which were localized laterally within the nucleus. These glutamatergic cells were labelled lightly o ...
Thermosensory processing in the Drosophila brain
... the brain constant (Extended Data Fig. 1). As a control, we confirmed that cutting the axons of peripheral thermoreceptor cells abolished responses in this brain region (see Methods). We used large temperature changes to robustly activate peripheral thermoreceptor cells (,10 uC). These large tempera ...
... the brain constant (Extended Data Fig. 1). As a control, we confirmed that cutting the axons of peripheral thermoreceptor cells abolished responses in this brain region (see Methods). We used large temperature changes to robustly activate peripheral thermoreceptor cells (,10 uC). These large tempera ...
Neuron the Memory Unit of the Brain
... Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. It is the sum total of what we remember, and gives us the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as to build relationships. It is the ability to rememb ...
... Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. It is the sum total of what we remember, and gives us the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as to build relationships. It is the ability to rememb ...
Brainwaves ("40 Hz") Research
... in brief runs in these responses. "Induced rhythms" at 50-60 Hz were first described in olfactory bulb by Adrian [1]. They have since been found in: olfactory [4], visual [3a, 3b, 6, 7, 8, 11, 22], auditory [13, 16], somatosensory [2], and motor cortex [17, 19, 21]. Gamma oscillations also occur in ...
... in brief runs in these responses. "Induced rhythms" at 50-60 Hz were first described in olfactory bulb by Adrian [1]. They have since been found in: olfactory [4], visual [3a, 3b, 6, 7, 8, 11, 22], auditory [13, 16], somatosensory [2], and motor cortex [17, 19, 21]. Gamma oscillations also occur in ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.