Neuropathic Pain (excluding headache)
... • “...unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage…” • Neuropathic pain caused by direct lesions or ...
... • “...unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage…” • Neuropathic pain caused by direct lesions or ...
The Neurally Controlled Animat: Biological Brains Acting
... Over the course of the run many different patterns of neural activity emerged. The bottom right panel of Figure 3 shows the total number of patterns detected as the session progressed. Over the first few minutes the clustering algorithm quickly learned to recognize many of the patterns of activity o ...
... Over the course of the run many different patterns of neural activity emerged. The bottom right panel of Figure 3 shows the total number of patterns detected as the session progressed. Over the first few minutes the clustering algorithm quickly learned to recognize many of the patterns of activity o ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... receptor, a unidirectional air current was presented eight times at each of 16 different directions around the animal’s body in the horizontal plane. The responses were recorded at each stimulus direction and quantified as the number of spikes generated in response to the stimulus. The directional t ...
... receptor, a unidirectional air current was presented eight times at each of 16 different directions around the animal’s body in the horizontal plane. The responses were recorded at each stimulus direction and quantified as the number of spikes generated in response to the stimulus. The directional t ...
Division of Informatics, University of Edinburgh
... nonical neurons respond to different types of visual stimuli than mirror neurons. While canonical neurons discharge at the mere sight of an object, mirror neurons are triggered at the sight of hand or mouth interactions with objects. This uncovers the presence of an interesting visuomotor coupling m ...
... nonical neurons respond to different types of visual stimuli than mirror neurons. While canonical neurons discharge at the mere sight of an object, mirror neurons are triggered at the sight of hand or mouth interactions with objects. This uncovers the presence of an interesting visuomotor coupling m ...
growth hormone releasing hormone
... Hypothalamus is protected from these influences by blood brain barrier (BBB). BBB is a complex mechanism regulating exchange of mediators between blood and CNS. It functions as protection from harmful stimuli (toxins) and also as transport system (for example glucose) into brain. BBB represented by ...
... Hypothalamus is protected from these influences by blood brain barrier (BBB). BBB is a complex mechanism regulating exchange of mediators between blood and CNS. It functions as protection from harmful stimuli (toxins) and also as transport system (for example glucose) into brain. BBB represented by ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... (2003) used a single ordered event structure in which all spikes are considered independent. However, for neurons with large synaptic divergences, unnecessary operations are performed on this structure, since the arrival order of spikes emitted by a given neuron is known. We introduce a twostage eve ...
... (2003) used a single ordered event structure in which all spikes are considered independent. However, for neurons with large synaptic divergences, unnecessary operations are performed on this structure, since the arrival order of spikes emitted by a given neuron is known. We introduce a twostage eve ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding elements tend to be on opposite sides of the mean (the space-filling effect of ...
... and this is to have a noise component that is negatively-correlated. It can be seen in figure 1 that negatively-correlated noise cancels out much more quickly and effectively than independent noise, because corresponding elements tend to be on opposite sides of the mean (the space-filling effect of ...
49 BIOLOGY Nervous Systems CAMPBELL
... The vertebrate brain is regionally specialized The vertebrate brain has three major regions: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain The forebrain has activities including processing of olfactory input, regulation of sleep, learning, and any complex processing The midbrain coordinates routing ...
... The vertebrate brain is regionally specialized The vertebrate brain has three major regions: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain The forebrain has activities including processing of olfactory input, regulation of sleep, learning, and any complex processing The midbrain coordinates routing ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... chemical signals transmitted through connected networks of neurons. Neurons transmit these signals to one another at specialized sites of contact called synapses. In the vertebrate nervous system, most neurons communicate via chemical synapses. As the name implies, chemical synapses function by conv ...
... chemical signals transmitted through connected networks of neurons. Neurons transmit these signals to one another at specialized sites of contact called synapses. In the vertebrate nervous system, most neurons communicate via chemical synapses. As the name implies, chemical synapses function by conv ...
Objectives 34
... tract (CST) is for intentional input to LMN for action) *2. Three other tracts exist: 1. Rubrospinal tract from red nucleus to midbrain 2. Reticulospinal tract from medial/lateral reticular formation in pons/medulla; important for activating locomotor CPG 3. Lateral vestibulospinal tract from the la ...
... tract (CST) is for intentional input to LMN for action) *2. Three other tracts exist: 1. Rubrospinal tract from red nucleus to midbrain 2. Reticulospinal tract from medial/lateral reticular formation in pons/medulla; important for activating locomotor CPG 3. Lateral vestibulospinal tract from the la ...
Renal physiology for the Primary FRCA
... Chloride: Cl- is absorbed from the proximal tubule into the tubule cells by antiport in exchange for organic anions such as bicarbonate, formate and oxalate, and in the late proximal tubule down its concentration gradient established by HCO3absorption. Bicarbonate: reabsorption occurs in the proxima ...
... Chloride: Cl- is absorbed from the proximal tubule into the tubule cells by antiport in exchange for organic anions such as bicarbonate, formate and oxalate, and in the late proximal tubule down its concentration gradient established by HCO3absorption. Bicarbonate: reabsorption occurs in the proxima ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
... Nerve impulses follow routes through the nervous system called nerve pathways. Some of the simplest nerve pathways consist of little more than two neurons that communicate across a single synapse. A reflex is a relatively simple motor response that does not involve a large number of interneurons (or ...
Diencephalon and Hypothalamus
... contains cells that produce orexins (hypocretins), which control various aspects of sleep. Dogs with narcolepsy have a mutation in the orexin receptor gene. ...
... contains cells that produce orexins (hypocretins), which control various aspects of sleep. Dogs with narcolepsy have a mutation in the orexin receptor gene. ...
Japan-Canada Joint Health Research Program – U
... Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is defined as pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system within the CNS. The most common causes are cerebrovascular lesions, multiple sclerosis and traumatic spinal cord injuries and the incidences of developing chron ...
... Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is defined as pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system within the CNS. The most common causes are cerebrovascular lesions, multiple sclerosis and traumatic spinal cord injuries and the incidences of developing chron ...
Deep Belief Networks Learn Context Dependent Behavior Florian Raudies *
... cortex shows changes that depend upon sensory context and these changes in activity can be used to guide decision-making [8,9,10,11]. Models of prefrontal cortex have attempted to simulate how neural circuits could provide the rules for action selection during behavioral tasks based on the context o ...
... cortex shows changes that depend upon sensory context and these changes in activity can be used to guide decision-making [8,9,10,11]. Models of prefrontal cortex have attempted to simulate how neural circuits could provide the rules for action selection during behavioral tasks based on the context o ...
primary cortex - u.arizona.edu
... • Transduction of olfactory stimuli occurs in olfactory receptors located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper nasal cavity • Projections to various parts of the limbic system (which is responsible for the emotional perception of odorants) and to the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus • The DMN e ...
... • Transduction of olfactory stimuli occurs in olfactory receptors located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper nasal cavity • Projections to various parts of the limbic system (which is responsible for the emotional perception of odorants) and to the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus • The DMN e ...
Y.I. Molkov, Baroreflex models, Encyclopedia of Computational
... modulation, which suggests that sympathetic and respiratory networks interact. Respiratory activity is also known to be modulated by the baroreceptor input. Together these facts imply that there may be another baroreflex pathway mediated by the respiratory neurons. Baekey et al. (2010) have demonstr ...
... modulation, which suggests that sympathetic and respiratory networks interact. Respiratory activity is also known to be modulated by the baroreceptor input. Together these facts imply that there may be another baroreflex pathway mediated by the respiratory neurons. Baekey et al. (2010) have demonstr ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... blockade of these channels with nimodipine reduces the amplitude of the calcium transient by the same proportion as it reduces the amount of exocytosis [17,54]. However, somatic exocytosis requires an additional calcium source. The fast transmembrane calcium transient activates a calcium-induced cal ...
... blockade of these channels with nimodipine reduces the amplitude of the calcium transient by the same proportion as it reduces the amount of exocytosis [17,54]. However, somatic exocytosis requires an additional calcium source. The fast transmembrane calcium transient activates a calcium-induced cal ...
Response characteristics in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN
... rate of 3/s, and/or due to object motion in the viewed scene. All this can be interpreted as a constantly changing ow of information which enters the visual system. The network has to react to these changes in order to create a reliable visual perception. As the direct consequence of the fast chang ...
... rate of 3/s, and/or due to object motion in the viewed scene. All this can be interpreted as a constantly changing ow of information which enters the visual system. The network has to react to these changes in order to create a reliable visual perception. As the direct consequence of the fast chang ...
Morphological and Functional Types of Neurons
... Neurons in the thalamic ventral posterior (VB) nucleus of the cat were investigated by extracellular and intracellular recording and by anatomical methods involving either the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or the intracellular injection of HRP. Two morphological types of neuro ...
... Neurons in the thalamic ventral posterior (VB) nucleus of the cat were investigated by extracellular and intracellular recording and by anatomical methods involving either the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or the intracellular injection of HRP. Two morphological types of neuro ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.