Neurobiology of Pain - Lewis Mehl
... Brain regions involved in modulating pain perception seem identified best with studies involving neurotransmitter and neuroreceptor changes, although psychological modulation of pain is also being examined with fMRI, PET, and EEG/MEG studies. There seems to be good evidence for somatotopic organiza ...
... Brain regions involved in modulating pain perception seem identified best with studies involving neurotransmitter and neuroreceptor changes, although psychological modulation of pain is also being examined with fMRI, PET, and EEG/MEG studies. There seems to be good evidence for somatotopic organiza ...
Modeling multiple time scale firing rate adaptation in a neural
... scale adaptation of a particular weighting in conductancebased models is difficult, as is assessing the effect of differing adaptation dynamics on neural networks. Here, the intent is to describe an approach for modeling multiple time scale rate adaptation in a neural network and demonstrate its use ...
... scale adaptation of a particular weighting in conductancebased models is difficult, as is assessing the effect of differing adaptation dynamics on neural networks. Here, the intent is to describe an approach for modeling multiple time scale rate adaptation in a neural network and demonstrate its use ...
the role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous
... All presented findings and mixed data indicate that proper zinc level in specific neuronal compartments is essential for brain function and need to be precisely controlled in narrow concentration range, since even slightly disturbance may lead to neuronal damage during pathological ischemic conditio ...
... All presented findings and mixed data indicate that proper zinc level in specific neuronal compartments is essential for brain function and need to be precisely controlled in narrow concentration range, since even slightly disturbance may lead to neuronal damage during pathological ischemic conditio ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
... 34. During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting potential, t ...
... 34. During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting potential, t ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
... http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, NkB, and Nk3 Receptor in Normal and Dysregulated Fear Memory Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuro ...
... http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, NkB, and Nk3 Receptor in Normal and Dysregulated Fear Memory Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuro ...
Hox Genes: Choreographers in Neural Development, Architects of
... The neural circuits governing vital behaviors, such as respiration and locomotion, are comprised of discrete neuronal populations residing within the brainstem and spinal cord. Work over the past decade has provided a fairly comprehensive understanding of the developmental pathways that determine th ...
... The neural circuits governing vital behaviors, such as respiration and locomotion, are comprised of discrete neuronal populations residing within the brainstem and spinal cord. Work over the past decade has provided a fairly comprehensive understanding of the developmental pathways that determine th ...
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive
... by astrocyte ablation and Glu–Gln cycle impairments Based on our previous results (Figs. 1–3), we postulated that the reduction of Glu and Gln levels in the PFC might evoke depressive behaviours, and that these amino acids could be the target of new antidepressant development. Therefore, we directly ...
... by astrocyte ablation and Glu–Gln cycle impairments Based on our previous results (Figs. 1–3), we postulated that the reduction of Glu and Gln levels in the PFC might evoke depressive behaviours, and that these amino acids could be the target of new antidepressant development. Therefore, we directly ...
Genetic and Functional Modularity of Hox Activities in the
... be further modulated through the actions of ancillary transcription factors that typically bind in proximity to Hox targets [24,25]. In this mode of action, a Hox protein may not depend as much on DNA site selection for specificity, but rather on how it interacts with factors it engages at a target ...
... be further modulated through the actions of ancillary transcription factors that typically bind in proximity to Hox targets [24,25]. In this mode of action, a Hox protein may not depend as much on DNA site selection for specificity, but rather on how it interacts with factors it engages at a target ...
Relative Contributions of Specific Activity Histories and
... has recently been shown that synapse size fluctuations in the cerebral cortex of adult mice are at least as large as those observed in culture ([15]; see also [4]); in fact, the degree of such size fluctuations is comparable to the magnitude of size changes induced by experimental stimulation paradi ...
... has recently been shown that synapse size fluctuations in the cerebral cortex of adult mice are at least as large as those observed in culture ([15]; see also [4]); in fact, the degree of such size fluctuations is comparable to the magnitude of size changes induced by experimental stimulation paradi ...
Vagal Ischemia Induced Lung Immune Component Infarct Following
... Experimental Protocol and Animals The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Atatürk University, Medical Faculty. A total of 32 hybrid rabbits weighing an average of 3.7±0.3 kg at age of 1.5 years were used. Both the control and SHAM groups consisted of 5 rabbits. The remainin ...
... Experimental Protocol and Animals The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Atatürk University, Medical Faculty. A total of 32 hybrid rabbits weighing an average of 3.7±0.3 kg at age of 1.5 years were used. Both the control and SHAM groups consisted of 5 rabbits. The remainin ...
NIH Public Access
... The lesion method is a unique and powerful means of determining the importance of a particular brain area for a particular function. The lesion method refers to an approach whereby a focal area of brain damage is associated with the development of a defect in some aspect of cognition or behavior, an ...
... The lesion method is a unique and powerful means of determining the importance of a particular brain area for a particular function. The lesion method refers to an approach whereby a focal area of brain damage is associated with the development of a defect in some aspect of cognition or behavior, an ...
Triggered activity due to delayed afterdepolarizations in - AJP
... suggests local, functional block of activation. Isochrones were calculated and drawn by hand. VT mechanisms were standard and defined as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1 ...
... suggests local, functional block of activation. Isochrones were calculated and drawn by hand. VT mechanisms were standard and defined as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1 ...
Folie 1
... “… I agree with Stemberger that connectionism can make a valuable contribution to cognitive science. The only place that we differ is that, first, he thinks that the contribution will be made by providing a way of *eliminating* symbols, whereas I think that connectionism will make its greatest contr ...
... “… I agree with Stemberger that connectionism can make a valuable contribution to cognitive science. The only place that we differ is that, first, he thinks that the contribution will be made by providing a way of *eliminating* symbols, whereas I think that connectionism will make its greatest contr ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... The brain contains approximately one trillion (1012 ) neurons that are located in different brain regions. Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information enterin ...
... The brain contains approximately one trillion (1012 ) neurons that are located in different brain regions. Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information enterin ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... In conjunction with our main analyses, we examined the neuronal responses elicited by the two stimuli in each choice array when presented alone. The mean firing rate response to an individual stimulus was computed from 100 to 500 ms after its presentation as the cue stimulus. Following Chelazzi et a ...
... In conjunction with our main analyses, we examined the neuronal responses elicited by the two stimuli in each choice array when presented alone. The mean firing rate response to an individual stimulus was computed from 100 to 500 ms after its presentation as the cue stimulus. Following Chelazzi et a ...
Week 3 – Day 1
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... route/low route hypothesis was the working model for the identification of neuronal substrates of auditory discrimination. Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the audito ...
... route/low route hypothesis was the working model for the identification of neuronal substrates of auditory discrimination. Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the audito ...
Full Text
... Background: Since the discovery that mutations in the enzyme SOD1 are causative in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), many strategies have been employed to elucidate the toxic properties of this ubiquitously expressed mutant protein, including the generation of GFP-SOD1 chimaeric proteins fo ...
... Background: Since the discovery that mutations in the enzyme SOD1 are causative in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), many strategies have been employed to elucidate the toxic properties of this ubiquitously expressed mutant protein, including the generation of GFP-SOD1 chimaeric proteins fo ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
... brief overview of appropriate basic pharmacology. How the different neurotransmitters may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of some brain disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety and dementia, as well as in the sensation of pain, is then evalua ...
... brief overview of appropriate basic pharmacology. How the different neurotransmitters may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of some brain disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety and dementia, as well as in the sensation of pain, is then evalua ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... b. There are about 100 billion nerve cells in the adult brain. c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer ...
... b. There are about 100 billion nerve cells in the adult brain. c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... General ultrastructural characteristics and three-dimensional arrangement. &p.1:Filamentous contacts are almost invariably found along the interface between the axon terminals of specific afferents and the shaft of TCR cell dendrites at the sites of synaptic glomeruli and, in sections cut perpendicu ...
... General ultrastructural characteristics and three-dimensional arrangement. &p.1:Filamentous contacts are almost invariably found along the interface between the axon terminals of specific afferents and the shaft of TCR cell dendrites at the sites of synaptic glomeruli and, in sections cut perpendicu ...
Selective amplification of the S
... the first contrast set, stimuli were presented at similar cone contrasts in order to match stimuli in terms of their respective cone responses. Due to differences in contrast sensitivity for Ach, RG and BY stimuli, these have different visibilities, with RG the most visible and BY the least. Cone con ...
... the first contrast set, stimuli were presented at similar cone contrasts in order to match stimuli in terms of their respective cone responses. Due to differences in contrast sensitivity for Ach, RG and BY stimuli, these have different visibilities, with RG the most visible and BY the least. Cone con ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... referred to as the eye field within the dorsomedial frontal cortex ŽDMFC.; the other resides dorsolaterally within the frontal cortex and is commonly referred to as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. This review documents the similarities and differences between these eye fields. Although the DMFC and FEF ...
... referred to as the eye field within the dorsomedial frontal cortex ŽDMFC.; the other resides dorsolaterally within the frontal cortex and is commonly referred to as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. This review documents the similarities and differences between these eye fields. Although the DMFC and FEF ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.