Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... between these inputs that determines the membrane potential of the up state. The two K+ currents included in our model, Kir2 and Ksi (si, slowly inactivating), have been shown (Nisenbaum and Wilson 1995) to account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured i ...
... between these inputs that determines the membrane potential of the up state. The two K+ currents included in our model, Kir2 and Ksi (si, slowly inactivating), have been shown (Nisenbaum and Wilson 1995) to account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured i ...
Network mechanisms of grid cells
... with independent results from another study [34], which also found that connections between stellate cells are almost exclusively inhibitory and which showed, in a two-population (excitatory–inhibitory) attractor model of spiking neurons, that grid activity and gamma oscillations can emerge in the s ...
... with independent results from another study [34], which also found that connections between stellate cells are almost exclusively inhibitory and which showed, in a two-population (excitatory–inhibitory) attractor model of spiking neurons, that grid activity and gamma oscillations can emerge in the s ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
Bio Chap 15 - mlfarrispsych
... escapes from persistent abuse. Alters can differ in handedness, response to medications, immune reactions, and physiological measures such as heart rate. The hippocampus increases and decreases activity when switching, consistent with Bowen’s view that state-dependent learning is involved. ...
... escapes from persistent abuse. Alters can differ in handedness, response to medications, immune reactions, and physiological measures such as heart rate. The hippocampus increases and decreases activity when switching, consistent with Bowen’s view that state-dependent learning is involved. ...
highlighted topics - American Journal of Physiology
... rather than damage to its “gears”). Given that monitoring the entire pacemaking mechanism is currently impossible, distinguishing between an arrested or uncoupled clock is best assayed from multiple outputs. On the other hand, alterations in the free-running period of a rhythm must reflect changes i ...
... rather than damage to its “gears”). Given that monitoring the entire pacemaking mechanism is currently impossible, distinguishing between an arrested or uncoupled clock is best assayed from multiple outputs. On the other hand, alterations in the free-running period of a rhythm must reflect changes i ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... of p-p38 MAPK in the brain of HPC mice. We found that the p-p38 MAPK levels, not protein expression, increased significantly ( p < 0.05) in the regions of frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of mice in response to repetitive hypoxic exposure (H1–H6, n = 6 for each group) when compared to v ...
... of p-p38 MAPK in the brain of HPC mice. We found that the p-p38 MAPK levels, not protein expression, increased significantly ( p < 0.05) in the regions of frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of mice in response to repetitive hypoxic exposure (H1–H6, n = 6 for each group) when compared to v ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... can produce a highly kurtotic, sparse output distribution in response to natural images. However, some nCRF functions might only be realizable with nonlinear mechanisms [e.g., biologically plausible curvature/corner detectors must be substantially nonlinear (Zetzche and Barth, 1990; Krieger and Zetz ...
... can produce a highly kurtotic, sparse output distribution in response to natural images. However, some nCRF functions might only be realizable with nonlinear mechanisms [e.g., biologically plausible curvature/corner detectors must be substantially nonlinear (Zetzche and Barth, 1990; Krieger and Zetz ...
Eichenbaum et al., 2012a, #15 - Fortin Lab @ UCI
... evidence from amnesia and functional imaging in humans, as well as lesion and single neuron recording studies in animals, several of ...
... evidence from amnesia and functional imaging in humans, as well as lesion and single neuron recording studies in animals, several of ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... fluorescence and weakly fluorescent neurons and glia. Prior studies have indicated that the effective area of uptake and transport of FB and DY is confined to zones I and II (e.g., Huisman et al., 1983; Kuypers and Huisman. 1984: Conde. 1987). Therefore. we have defined the “iniec-., tion sites” as ...
... fluorescence and weakly fluorescent neurons and glia. Prior studies have indicated that the effective area of uptake and transport of FB and DY is confined to zones I and II (e.g., Huisman et al., 1983; Kuypers and Huisman. 1984: Conde. 1987). Therefore. we have defined the “iniec-., tion sites” as ...
Age-related naturally occurring depression of
... confer further functional properties to the hippocampus than those due to mature granule cells. However, the effects of MAM on learning might depend on side effects of the drug, other than the depression of neurogenesis (Kempermann, 2002); therefore, a validation of the hypothesis that neurogenesis ...
... confer further functional properties to the hippocampus than those due to mature granule cells. However, the effects of MAM on learning might depend on side effects of the drug, other than the depression of neurogenesis (Kempermann, 2002); therefore, a validation of the hypothesis that neurogenesis ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... the amygdala (Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992). Furthermore, it can evaluate these characteristics against previous experience through its connections with regions known to subserve memory [dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, pars magnocellularis ...
... the amygdala (Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992). Furthermore, it can evaluate these characteristics against previous experience through its connections with regions known to subserve memory [dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, pars magnocellularis ...
Chapter 7 Body Systems
... succession, their effects can summate over a brief period of time to produce an action potential ...
... succession, their effects can summate over a brief period of time to produce an action potential ...
The Neuropsychology of Sigmund Freud
... tradition. He coined the term agnosia which is used today in the neurological clinic. His work on aphasia is still one of the best statements of the problems encountered when language is disrupted by brain damage. Freud was also an excellent observer in the field of behavioral science, even though b ...
... tradition. He coined the term agnosia which is used today in the neurological clinic. His work on aphasia is still one of the best statements of the problems encountered when language is disrupted by brain damage. Freud was also an excellent observer in the field of behavioral science, even though b ...
KISHORE Aswathy - School of Computing
... representation’. Accordingly, different features of the object such as shape, texture and colour will be represented in different parts of the brain. Hence, in order to have a complete representation for the object, these individual localised representations have to be bound together to form a globa ...
... representation’. Accordingly, different features of the object such as shape, texture and colour will be represented in different parts of the brain. Hence, in order to have a complete representation for the object, these individual localised representations have to be bound together to form a globa ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time, the depolarization has already triggere ...
... Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time, the depolarization has already triggere ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
Neural mechanisms underlying the evolvability of behaviour
... and do not account for species-level differences in behaviour. In insects, major areas and pathways are recognizable across members of a taxon such as Diptera [19]. These brain regions are also recognizable across major taxa such as between insects and Crustacea [20] and possibly even across phyla [ ...
... and do not account for species-level differences in behaviour. In insects, major areas and pathways are recognizable across members of a taxon such as Diptera [19]. These brain regions are also recognizable across major taxa such as between insects and Crustacea [20] and possibly even across phyla [ ...
Document
... If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action potential Incorrect: An action potential refers to a s ...
... If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action potential Incorrect: An action potential refers to a s ...
spinal cord and reflexes - Sinoe Medical Association
... involved in withdrawing from painful stimuli. Withdrawing from painful stimuli does not require thought. But the interneuron does send a fiber through the spinothalamic tract to the brain where the pain is perceived. This occurs at virtually the same instant you are withdrawing from the ...
... involved in withdrawing from painful stimuli. Withdrawing from painful stimuli does not require thought. But the interneuron does send a fiber through the spinothalamic tract to the brain where the pain is perceived. This occurs at virtually the same instant you are withdrawing from the ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... the recent discovery that systemic administration of the pesticide rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, induces striatal dopamine depletion in rats (33). Overall, however, a genetic predisposition for environmental insults that lead to parkinsonism may be far more common than gene mutation ...
... the recent discovery that systemic administration of the pesticide rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, induces striatal dopamine depletion in rats (33). Overall, however, a genetic predisposition for environmental insults that lead to parkinsonism may be far more common than gene mutation ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... in mIPSC amplitude. These results suggested that the DEX effect occurred subsequent to activation of a receptor associated with the postsynaptic membrane and did not require binding to an intracellular receptor. Rapid glucocorticoid effects in hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons are mediated by a G ...
... in mIPSC amplitude. These results suggested that the DEX effect occurred subsequent to activation of a receptor associated with the postsynaptic membrane and did not require binding to an intracellular receptor. Rapid glucocorticoid effects in hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons are mediated by a G ...
Full-Text PDF
... mechanosensory organs, which all provide feedback on wingbeats during flight. For example, during locust flight, the inputs from stretch receptors on the base of the wings induce excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) on the elevator muscle and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on the d ...
... mechanosensory organs, which all provide feedback on wingbeats during flight. For example, during locust flight, the inputs from stretch receptors on the base of the wings induce excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) on the elevator muscle and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on the d ...
Human Neural Systems for Face Recognition and Social
... which brain regions participate in a perceptual or cogntitive function and how their participation is modulated by other processes, such as attention or memory, but imaging data cannot indicate which of these brain regions are critical for the successful performance of a perceptual or cognitive oper ...
... which brain regions participate in a perceptual or cogntitive function and how their participation is modulated by other processes, such as attention or memory, but imaging data cannot indicate which of these brain regions are critical for the successful performance of a perceptual or cognitive oper ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... cortex, via the medial dorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus. This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleu ...
... cortex, via the medial dorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus. This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleu ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... neurogenesis. Intensive investigation has revealed myriad molecular cues involved in this form of neurogenesis, however molecules signaling exclusively for adult neurogenesis are yet to be described. Tenascin R (TNR) an extracellular matrix molecule known to take part in neurogenesis is expressed ...
... neurogenesis. Intensive investigation has revealed myriad molecular cues involved in this form of neurogenesis, however molecules signaling exclusively for adult neurogenesis are yet to be described. Tenascin R (TNR) an extracellular matrix molecule known to take part in neurogenesis is expressed ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.