Trichromatic theory of color vision
... threshold is the smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred. It is the minimum change in stimulation required to detect the difference between two stimuli, so it is also called the “just noticeable difference” (Nittrouer & Lowenstein, 2 ...
... threshold is the smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred. It is the minimum change in stimulation required to detect the difference between two stimuli, so it is also called the “just noticeable difference” (Nittrouer & Lowenstein, 2 ...
Spatiotemporal Profiles of Proprioception Processed by
... mesencephalic neurons (MesV neurons), control the strength of occlusion and the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. ...
... mesencephalic neurons (MesV neurons), control the strength of occlusion and the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. ...
Review Mitochondrial movement and positioning in axons
... characterized by the transient presence of one or more filopodia at the site of bead–axon contact, and beads that never induced any filopodia were not considered; (3) only neurons that had a single bead contacting the axon at least 100·µm away from both the growth cone and cell body were considered. ...
... characterized by the transient presence of one or more filopodia at the site of bead–axon contact, and beads that never induced any filopodia were not considered; (3) only neurons that had a single bead contacting the axon at least 100·µm away from both the growth cone and cell body were considered. ...
ANS VS PNS
... Helps the body when it is in need of energy, under stress, and in emergency situation Does this by: increases blood pressure o decrease digestion o Increase heart beat o ...
... Helps the body when it is in need of energy, under stress, and in emergency situation Does this by: increases blood pressure o decrease digestion o Increase heart beat o ...
Muscle fibers & tissue - Novell Open Enterprise Server 11 SP2
... Area of muscle fiber under the axon terminal. ACh released into this junction ACh acts to open Ca channels to allow Ca into the cytoplasm. Can be re-stimulated before contraction ends, results in tetany (sustained muscle contraction) http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/neuro/neuromuscular-sml.jpg ...
... Area of muscle fiber under the axon terminal. ACh released into this junction ACh acts to open Ca channels to allow Ca into the cytoplasm. Can be re-stimulated before contraction ends, results in tetany (sustained muscle contraction) http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/neuro/neuromuscular-sml.jpg ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... ALS, since it incorporated the two aspects of gray matter involvement (amyotrophy) and white matter damage (lateral sclerosis). Dr. William Gowers, though, argued with Charcot’s terminology since it suggested that lateral sclerosis was primary and amyotrophy was secondary, and instead, postulated th ...
... ALS, since it incorporated the two aspects of gray matter involvement (amyotrophy) and white matter damage (lateral sclerosis). Dr. William Gowers, though, argued with Charcot’s terminology since it suggested that lateral sclerosis was primary and amyotrophy was secondary, and instead, postulated th ...
PAIN CONTROL THEORIES
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
Objective cortical evaluation of infants wearing hearing aids Harvey
... clinically viable. When cortical responses are detected with only a very tiny probability of them being unrelated to the stimulus, they provide the clinician and parents with great confidence that speech sounds are being processed in some way by the baby’s brain. There can be many reasons for an abs ...
... clinically viable. When cortical responses are detected with only a very tiny probability of them being unrelated to the stimulus, they provide the clinician and parents with great confidence that speech sounds are being processed in some way by the baby’s brain. There can be many reasons for an abs ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual associatio ...
... primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual associatio ...
13 Nervous System
... primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual associatio ...
... primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe is especially necessary to higher mental functions. A visual associatio ...
Unit 08 Notes
... require to convert the accumulated lactic acid into glucose, plus the amount that muscle cells need to resynthesize ATP and creatine phosphate to their original concentrations. Repaying oxygen debt may take several hours. ...
... require to convert the accumulated lactic acid into glucose, plus the amount that muscle cells need to resynthesize ATP and creatine phosphate to their original concentrations. Repaying oxygen debt may take several hours. ...
resting membrane potential
... • A solution must have an equal number of positive and negative charges overall, but they can be unevenly distributed, with one region more positive and another more negative • Even when separated, they will tend to flow back toward each other (electric potential, or voltage) • When the oppositely c ...
... • A solution must have an equal number of positive and negative charges overall, but they can be unevenly distributed, with one region more positive and another more negative • Even when separated, they will tend to flow back toward each other (electric potential, or voltage) • When the oppositely c ...
The neural basis of the speed–accuracy tradeoff - Eric
... a similar inverse relationship was not found for another decision-related area, the lateral PFC, which led Ivanoff et al. [5] to suggest that in the lateral PFC baseline changes were accompanied by threshold changes. As mentioned above, results from studies that have examined trial-to-trial variabil ...
... a similar inverse relationship was not found for another decision-related area, the lateral PFC, which led Ivanoff et al. [5] to suggest that in the lateral PFC baseline changes were accompanied by threshold changes. As mentioned above, results from studies that have examined trial-to-trial variabil ...
Neuroscience and Behavior
... end. Once you tip the first domino, all of the other dominos topple in turn until the last domino falls. When an action potential is triggered, the nerve impulse travels the complete length of the axon until it reaches the terminal buttons. Once the neuron fires, it enters a refractory period, when ...
... end. Once you tip the first domino, all of the other dominos topple in turn until the last domino falls. When an action potential is triggered, the nerve impulse travels the complete length of the axon until it reaches the terminal buttons. Once the neuron fires, it enters a refractory period, when ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... system, the functional architecture of the constituent neurons must be determined. This is an exceedingly difficult task in most sensory systems. However, in the cricket cercal system, it has been possible to collect adequate anatomical and physiological data about individual neurons in sufficient n ...
... system, the functional architecture of the constituent neurons must be determined. This is an exceedingly difficult task in most sensory systems. However, in the cricket cercal system, it has been possible to collect adequate anatomical and physiological data about individual neurons in sufficient n ...
The basic Hebb rule
... － Their results showed that the activity-dependent enhancement or depression of particular inputs to intercalated neurons is accompanied by inverse modifications at heterosynaptic sites, which contributes to total synaptic weight ...
... － Their results showed that the activity-dependent enhancement or depression of particular inputs to intercalated neurons is accompanied by inverse modifications at heterosynaptic sites, which contributes to total synaptic weight ...
cerebral cortex, sensations and movements
... area) that control combined eye and head movements; so, the nerve center of the right hemisphere produce simultaneous head and eyes left turns and vice versa. Premotor area is located above Brodmann area 4 (at the base of precentral gyrus), which presents role in the preparation (arbitrary coupling ...
... area) that control combined eye and head movements; so, the nerve center of the right hemisphere produce simultaneous head and eyes left turns and vice versa. Premotor area is located above Brodmann area 4 (at the base of precentral gyrus), which presents role in the preparation (arbitrary coupling ...
Chapter 15 - Houston Community College Learning Web
... • Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway • Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of primary sensory cortex, so an individual feels pain in specific part of ...
... • Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway • Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of primary sensory cortex, so an individual feels pain in specific part of ...
Chapter 14:The Brain and Cranial Nerves
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Basilar artery aneurysm with autonomic features: an interesting
... with symptoms indicating autonomic dysfunction, features usually associated with stimulation of trigeminally innervated structures. This may be considered a secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalgia. Basilar aneurysms have not previously been reported to be associated with such features, but neuronal ...
... with symptoms indicating autonomic dysfunction, features usually associated with stimulation of trigeminally innervated structures. This may be considered a secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalgia. Basilar aneurysms have not previously been reported to be associated with such features, but neuronal ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... network operated in what we termed normalization mode. If the strength of the inhibition was increased, the network entered an oscillatory mode in which the two pools were alternately active (Fig. 3B). At high inhibitory strength, the network operated in a winner-take-all mode in which only one pool ...
... network operated in what we termed normalization mode. If the strength of the inhibition was increased, the network entered an oscillatory mode in which the two pools were alternately active (Fig. 3B). At high inhibitory strength, the network operated in a winner-take-all mode in which only one pool ...
this worksheet - (canvas.brown.edu).
... suggestions and write down the names of the neurons you used. Make the muscle twitch using two neurons. ________________________________ Make the muscle twitch using three neurons. ________________________________ Identify which neuron type would be MOST likely to... a. be connected to the skin of y ...
... suggestions and write down the names of the neurons you used. Make the muscle twitch using two neurons. ________________________________ Make the muscle twitch using three neurons. ________________________________ Identify which neuron type would be MOST likely to... a. be connected to the skin of y ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.