Herpes - From Simplex to Zoster
... 10%-18% of HZO patients • Caused by axonal and cell body degeneration, atrophy of the spinal cord dorsal horn, scarring of the dorsal root ganglion, and loss of epidermal innervation • Neuronal damage might be caused by ongoing viral replication ...
... 10%-18% of HZO patients • Caused by axonal and cell body degeneration, atrophy of the spinal cord dorsal horn, scarring of the dorsal root ganglion, and loss of epidermal innervation • Neuronal damage might be caused by ongoing viral replication ...
PII: S0006-8993(97) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... was dissolved in distilled water and injected subcutaneously into several bilaterally matched areas of the animals hindpaws Ž n s 5; and face, n s 2 of these 5., or into the hindpaw on the deafferented side Ž n s 8. using a Hamilton microsyringe. One additional normal control rat received unilateral ...
... was dissolved in distilled water and injected subcutaneously into several bilaterally matched areas of the animals hindpaws Ž n s 5; and face, n s 2 of these 5., or into the hindpaw on the deafferented side Ž n s 8. using a Hamilton microsyringe. One additional normal control rat received unilateral ...
Axon - Rochester Community Schools
... • tympanic membrane vibrates in response to vibrations in air • bones of middle ear transmit vibrations to the oval window on the cochlea • This creates pressure waves in the fluid in the cochlea that travel through the vestibular canal • These cause hair cells to vibrate creating action potentials ...
... • tympanic membrane vibrates in response to vibrations in air • bones of middle ear transmit vibrations to the oval window on the cochlea • This creates pressure waves in the fluid in the cochlea that travel through the vestibular canal • These cause hair cells to vibrate creating action potentials ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... determined by a linear computation which resolves many of the problems associated with intrinsic neuronal complexity, problem ii). If the changes are larger, calculating their effects is more ambiguous but the linear approximation can still serve as a basic guideline. This approach is taken in secti ...
... determined by a linear computation which resolves many of the problems associated with intrinsic neuronal complexity, problem ii). If the changes are larger, calculating their effects is more ambiguous but the linear approximation can still serve as a basic guideline. This approach is taken in secti ...
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Neuralgia Diagnosis and Treatment
... Because of the teeth and gum-related pain, I decided to place a Marcaine-soaked 6-inch cotton tip applicator in the right nares for one minute with pressure contact to the nasal mucosa. Within five minutes, the headache that had been a seven on the VAS scale diminished to a two, and at the 10 minute ...
... Because of the teeth and gum-related pain, I decided to place a Marcaine-soaked 6-inch cotton tip applicator in the right nares for one minute with pressure contact to the nasal mucosa. Within five minutes, the headache that had been a seven on the VAS scale diminished to a two, and at the 10 minute ...
Uncovering the Forgotten Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia on
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
... cause Horner’s syndrome. The role of sympathetic systems regulating pupil diameter should be also investigated if any light reflex anomalies are observed during SAH. In the current study it was noticed that superior cevical ganglia neuron density has an interesting role on the regulation of pupil di ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... Over the course of the ensuing scholastic period, Galen’s conclusions came to dominate both western and arab thought on the connection between sensation and action. These conclusions suggested that the sensory and motor nervous systems could, at least in principle, be studied fruitfully by physiolog ...
... Over the course of the ensuing scholastic period, Galen’s conclusions came to dominate both western and arab thought on the connection between sensation and action. These conclusions suggested that the sensory and motor nervous systems could, at least in principle, be studied fruitfully by physiolog ...
Stretch reflexes. (Final).
... discharge with increased rate → Impulses in the secondary sensory nerve (flower-spray) → alpha motor neuron → motor nerve → contraction of muscle fibers Asynchronously(motor units not discharge all together) → resulting in mild sustained contraction of muscle extrafusal fibers as long a ...
... discharge with increased rate → Impulses in the secondary sensory nerve (flower-spray) → alpha motor neuron → motor nerve → contraction of muscle fibers Asynchronously(motor units not discharge all together) → resulting in mild sustained contraction of muscle extrafusal fibers as long a ...
The Brain - Personal
... • Posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex • Integrates sensory input from primary somatosensory cortex • Determines size, texture, and relationship of parts of objects being felt ...
... • Posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex • Integrates sensory input from primary somatosensory cortex • Determines size, texture, and relationship of parts of objects being felt ...
Lectin and Peptide Expression in Nodose
... stained with GSA I-B4 in purely-fixed tissue than those stained with GSA I-B4 in well-fixed tissue (13). The presence of GSA I-B4 in neurons of NG indicates that these neurons contribute to the innervation of the nucleus of the solitary track (NTS) and area postrema of the brain stem, the central pr ...
... stained with GSA I-B4 in purely-fixed tissue than those stained with GSA I-B4 in well-fixed tissue (13). The presence of GSA I-B4 in neurons of NG indicates that these neurons contribute to the innervation of the nucleus of the solitary track (NTS) and area postrema of the brain stem, the central pr ...
primary cortex - u.arizona.edu
... • The sensorimotor system is organized like a large effective company; the “president” (associated cortex) issues general commands and lower levels (motor neurons and muscles) take care of details; the advantage of this hierarchical arrangement is that higher levels are left free to focus on the com ...
... • The sensorimotor system is organized like a large effective company; the “president” (associated cortex) issues general commands and lower levels (motor neurons and muscles) take care of details; the advantage of this hierarchical arrangement is that higher levels are left free to focus on the com ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... of the supraoptic-hypophyseal tract (Fig. 4). When blood osmolarity is too high (large salt load or dehydrated), activity is generated in the supraoptic-hypophyseal tract, which releases ADH from the posterior pituitary into the general circulation and results in increased water reabsorption in the ...
... of the supraoptic-hypophyseal tract (Fig. 4). When blood osmolarity is too high (large salt load or dehydrated), activity is generated in the supraoptic-hypophyseal tract, which releases ADH from the posterior pituitary into the general circulation and results in increased water reabsorption in the ...
Trigeminal, Gustatory, and Visceral Sensory Systems
... 1. Spinal trigeminal nucleus. Small diameter afferent fibers, which mediate pain and temperature senses, enter the pons and descend in the spinal trigeminal tract. (Where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers located?) These afferents synapse on second-order neurons in the spinal trigem ...
... 1. Spinal trigeminal nucleus. Small diameter afferent fibers, which mediate pain and temperature senses, enter the pons and descend in the spinal trigeminal tract. (Where are the cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers located?) These afferents synapse on second-order neurons in the spinal trigem ...
Comparing neuronal and behavioral thresholds
... They concluded that at such short integration times (but not at longer times) neurometric thresholds were higher than behavioral thresholds [23,24]. This suggests that the integration time used in the neurometric analysis plays a role in computing neuronal thresholds. Finally, several studies in mon ...
... They concluded that at such short integration times (but not at longer times) neurometric thresholds were higher than behavioral thresholds [23,24]. This suggests that the integration time used in the neurometric analysis plays a role in computing neuronal thresholds. Finally, several studies in mon ...
NIH eRA Commons user name: AM2518 TELEPHONE NUMBER
... GOALS: The aim of this translational research project is to develop a novel treatment for patients with medicationresistant Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), informed by the neurocircuitry, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry underlying the disorder. Studies provide evidence that, in addition to ...
... GOALS: The aim of this translational research project is to develop a novel treatment for patients with medicationresistant Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), informed by the neurocircuitry, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry underlying the disorder. Studies provide evidence that, in addition to ...
Sensory system evolution at the origin of craniates
... placodal sensory systems. Another noteworthy observation is that no neural crest and/or placodal-derived bipolar sensory neurons project to alar plate ¢rst- order multipolar neurons that are predominantly located within the craniate diencephalon. Such projections to ¢rst- order multipolar cell group ...
... placodal sensory systems. Another noteworthy observation is that no neural crest and/or placodal-derived bipolar sensory neurons project to alar plate ¢rst- order multipolar neurons that are predominantly located within the craniate diencephalon. Such projections to ¢rst- order multipolar cell group ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... in our model, Kir2 and Ksi (si, slowly inactivating), have been shown (Nisenbaum and Wilson 1995) to account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured in spiny neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, b ...
... in our model, Kir2 and Ksi (si, slowly inactivating), have been shown (Nisenbaum and Wilson 1995) to account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured in spiny neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, b ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
... in area 3b, the representations of the dorsal surfaces of digits 1-3 become many times larger than in normal animals, and receptive fields on the dorsal hand for neurons in this altered cortex are much smaller than normally seen for cortical neurons representing the dorsal hand. The time course of t ...
... in area 3b, the representations of the dorsal surfaces of digits 1-3 become many times larger than in normal animals, and receptive fields on the dorsal hand for neurons in this altered cortex are much smaller than normally seen for cortical neurons representing the dorsal hand. The time course of t ...
Read as PDF
... described in other systems and generally potentiate spikemediated synaptic transmission (e.g., Awatramani et al. 2005; Connor et al. 1986; Ivanov and Calabrese 2003; Kemenes et al. 2006). The B21–B8 synapse is, however, unusual in that background increases in the intracellular calcium concentration ...
... described in other systems and generally potentiate spikemediated synaptic transmission (e.g., Awatramani et al. 2005; Connor et al. 1986; Ivanov and Calabrese 2003; Kemenes et al. 2006). The B21–B8 synapse is, however, unusual in that background increases in the intracellular calcium concentration ...
A Dynamic Field Theory of Visual Recognition in Infant Looking... Gregor Schöner Sammy Perone () and John P. Spencer ()
... only difference across simulations was in the distribution of the inputs. Mareschal and colleagues (e.g., Mareschal, French, & Quinn, 2000; French et al., 2004) have extensively examined the role of input distribution in asymmetric categorization and have tested predictions of an autoencoder network ...
... only difference across simulations was in the distribution of the inputs. Mareschal and colleagues (e.g., Mareschal, French, & Quinn, 2000; French et al., 2004) have extensively examined the role of input distribution in asymmetric categorization and have tested predictions of an autoencoder network ...
Adaptations to Anaerobic Training Programs
... • With heavy resistance training, all muscle fibers get larger because they are all recruited in consecutive order by their size to produce high levels of force. In advanced lifters, the central nervous system might adapt by allowing these athletes to recruit some motor units not in consecutive orde ...
... • With heavy resistance training, all muscle fibers get larger because they are all recruited in consecutive order by their size to produce high levels of force. In advanced lifters, the central nervous system might adapt by allowing these athletes to recruit some motor units not in consecutive orde ...
REM-off
... in the neuron is relatively high (as when many glutamate receptors are activated at one time). When the Ca++dependent K+ channel is activated (open), K+ efflux effectively produces a hyperpolarizing influence (positive K+ ions leave the neuron) which counteracts the depolarizing influence of the Na+ ...
... in the neuron is relatively high (as when many glutamate receptors are activated at one time). When the Ca++dependent K+ channel is activated (open), K+ efflux effectively produces a hyperpolarizing influence (positive K+ ions leave the neuron) which counteracts the depolarizing influence of the Na+ ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... a. The sympathetic division increases heart rate, dilates airways, and inhibits digestion and elimination while the body is under stress. b. After the stress has passed, the parasympathetic division returns heart rate and airway diameter to normal and allows digestion and elimination to resume. 2. S ...
... a. The sympathetic division increases heart rate, dilates airways, and inhibits digestion and elimination while the body is under stress. b. After the stress has passed, the parasympathetic division returns heart rate and airway diameter to normal and allows digestion and elimination to resume. 2. S ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.