The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... in which each cell responds independently to its sensory inputs. Mathematically, this means that the probability of responses from the population can be decomposed as a product of probabilities for each individual cell, as in Equation 1 below, where these single-cell properties have been estimated d ...
... in which each cell responds independently to its sensory inputs. Mathematically, this means that the probability of responses from the population can be decomposed as a product of probabilities for each individual cell, as in Equation 1 below, where these single-cell properties have been estimated d ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... primarily by early firing neurons, whereas firing‑rate coding may be used predominantly by late-firing neurons (FIG. 2b). In support of this idea, studies in multiple cortical regions suggest that, for many neurons, the timing of the first spike is much more informative about the stimulus identity t ...
... primarily by early firing neurons, whereas firing‑rate coding may be used predominantly by late-firing neurons (FIG. 2b). In support of this idea, studies in multiple cortical regions suggest that, for many neurons, the timing of the first spike is much more informative about the stimulus identity t ...
Nerve Growth Factor and Alzheimer`s Disease
... It has been considered that the high-affinity of TrkA is guaranteed by the interaction with p75, because TrkA and p75 are coexpressed in particular neurons. However, p75 is structurally belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as si ...
... It has been considered that the high-affinity of TrkA is guaranteed by the interaction with p75, because TrkA and p75 are coexpressed in particular neurons. However, p75 is structurally belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as si ...
Monkey Models of Recovery of Voluntary Hand
... via ventral roots remains intact, so that climbing and moving about the cage is only very subtly impaired immediately after the lesion. The use of a restricted and well-defined model allows us to study mechanisms of recovery and reorganization that provide insight into far more serious clinical inju ...
... via ventral roots remains intact, so that climbing and moving about the cage is only very subtly impaired immediately after the lesion. The use of a restricted and well-defined model allows us to study mechanisms of recovery and reorganization that provide insight into far more serious clinical inju ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... first through the cerebellum, which, in turn, can alter activity in the motor cortex or brain-stem descending systems. One of the roles of the motor cortex is to transform these diverse input signals, including sensory signals, into appropriate output commands coding which muscles should contract an ...
... first through the cerebellum, which, in turn, can alter activity in the motor cortex or brain-stem descending systems. One of the roles of the motor cortex is to transform these diverse input signals, including sensory signals, into appropriate output commands coding which muscles should contract an ...
The Frenular Delta
... pronounced in the ridged band and often seen as a bright flush.2 In most genitally intact males, some core branches of the superficial veins do not divide further on crossing the inner prepuce. These medium- sized veins continue unchanged to run under the corona to form at least part of the drainage ...
... pronounced in the ridged band and often seen as a bright flush.2 In most genitally intact males, some core branches of the superficial veins do not divide further on crossing the inner prepuce. These medium- sized veins continue unchanged to run under the corona to form at least part of the drainage ...
Bridging Areas of Injury in the Spinal Cord
... Peripheral nerve was placed into a complete transection gap of 5 or 10 mm (Richardson and others 1980). After 3 to 4 months, tracing demonstrated that fibers grow into and across the implant from both stumps. A mean of 5850 myelinated axons are found in the graft if the nearby dorsal roots are avuls ...
... Peripheral nerve was placed into a complete transection gap of 5 or 10 mm (Richardson and others 1980). After 3 to 4 months, tracing demonstrated that fibers grow into and across the implant from both stumps. A mean of 5850 myelinated axons are found in the graft if the nearby dorsal roots are avuls ...
Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
Motor learning in man: A review of functional and clinical studies
... observed regardless of the hand used during training, indicating a left-hemispheric dominance in the storage of visuomotor skills. Concerning frontal areas, learned actions of sequential character are represented in the caudal part of the supplementary motor area (SMA proper), whereas the lateral pr ...
... observed regardless of the hand used during training, indicating a left-hemispheric dominance in the storage of visuomotor skills. Concerning frontal areas, learned actions of sequential character are represented in the caudal part of the supplementary motor area (SMA proper), whereas the lateral pr ...
Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának komplex
... PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members ...
... PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members ...
06-pons + midbrain
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep, particularly REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. ...
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep, particularly REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... signal to almost all systems (Figure 1). Even when no action is taken towards a salient peripheral stimulus, that stimulus is still ‘noticed’ and oriented towards covertly (see [11], for review), which has consequences on future Figure 4 ...
... signal to almost all systems (Figure 1). Even when no action is taken towards a salient peripheral stimulus, that stimulus is still ‘noticed’ and oriented towards covertly (see [11], for review), which has consequences on future Figure 4 ...
Figure 12.15b
... Neuroglia – usually only refers to supporting cells in the CNS, but can be used for PNS ...
... Neuroglia – usually only refers to supporting cells in the CNS, but can be used for PNS ...
PDF
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
Corollary Discharge Inhibition and Preservation of Temporal
... ipsilateral anterior exterolateral nucleus, using a pair of sharpened tungsten electrodes that were insulated except at the tip. Recording.Curare blocks synaptic transmission between electromotoneuron axons and electrocytes, thus preventing an EOD. However, the synchronized volley in the electromoto ...
... ipsilateral anterior exterolateral nucleus, using a pair of sharpened tungsten electrodes that were insulated except at the tip. Recording.Curare blocks synaptic transmission between electromotoneuron axons and electrocytes, thus preventing an EOD. However, the synchronized volley in the electromoto ...
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
... could be presented on either a complex background or a blank background that had a resolution of 512 ⫻ 512 pixels. The target object occurred in random positions on the screen from trial to trial within the boundary of the screen. (We note that if the target was diagonally opposite the fixation posi ...
... could be presented on either a complex background or a blank background that had a resolution of 512 ⫻ 512 pixels. The target object occurred in random positions on the screen from trial to trial within the boundary of the screen. (We note that if the target was diagonally opposite the fixation posi ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... Parameter values for the full network simulations underlying Figures 3, 5, and 6 (with the indicated changes) are given in Table 1. Firing rate adaptation. The behavior of a neuron, as observed in the in vitro experiments (see Fig. 3a,b), suggests that it is able to respond with a sustained activity ...
... Parameter values for the full network simulations underlying Figures 3, 5, and 6 (with the indicated changes) are given in Table 1. Firing rate adaptation. The behavior of a neuron, as observed in the in vitro experiments (see Fig. 3a,b), suggests that it is able to respond with a sustained activity ...
Hierarchy of the heart rhythmogenesis levels is a
... (1) Baseline conditions. (2) During synchronization of vagal and cardiac rhythms. (3) After cutting vagus nerves. The black colour shows the position of the early depolarization area. CRISTA, crista terminalis; NSA, sinoatrial node area; ...
... (1) Baseline conditions. (2) During synchronization of vagal and cardiac rhythms. (3) After cutting vagus nerves. The black colour shows the position of the early depolarization area. CRISTA, crista terminalis; NSA, sinoatrial node area; ...
Chapter 2 Intrinsic Dynamics of an Excitatory
... The rest of the chapter is organized as follows. The basic features of the neural model used is describedin section 1, along with the biological motivation for such a model. The next section is devoted to analyzing the dynamics of a pair of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, with self- and inter-con ...
... The rest of the chapter is organized as follows. The basic features of the neural model used is describedin section 1, along with the biological motivation for such a model. The next section is devoted to analyzing the dynamics of a pair of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, with self- and inter-con ...
Dental Pulp Diagnostic
... Types of Nerve Fibres and their distribution inside the dental pulp • Dental pulp is a highly innervated tissue that contains sensory trigeminal afferent axons • N trigeminal sensory nerve fibers – 90% of A fibres are A –delta fibres , which are located at the pulp-dentin border in the coronal port ...
... Types of Nerve Fibres and their distribution inside the dental pulp • Dental pulp is a highly innervated tissue that contains sensory trigeminal afferent axons • N trigeminal sensory nerve fibers – 90% of A fibres are A –delta fibres , which are located at the pulp-dentin border in the coronal port ...
full program with abstracts
... nucleus and is called a ‘paraspeckle’. One possibility is that in MND, nerve cells are killed when healthy granules, such as paraspeckles, instead switch to disease-causing aggregates that are toxic to the cell. This could be a double blow to the cell – losing a useful granule that helps with stress ...
... nucleus and is called a ‘paraspeckle’. One possibility is that in MND, nerve cells are killed when healthy granules, such as paraspeckles, instead switch to disease-causing aggregates that are toxic to the cell. This could be a double blow to the cell – losing a useful granule that helps with stress ...
Sensory responses and movement-related activities in extrinsic
... opened window was then covered with wax. About 30%, 40% and 30% of the units reported in this study were using wires of 14, 17 and 20 lm in diameter, respectively. For mechanical support, recording electrodes were formed into bundles around a coated copper wire with a diameter of 60 lm that was inse ...
... opened window was then covered with wax. About 30%, 40% and 30% of the units reported in this study were using wires of 14, 17 and 20 lm in diameter, respectively. For mechanical support, recording electrodes were formed into bundles around a coated copper wire with a diameter of 60 lm that was inse ...
Nonlinear Population Codes - Department of Nonlinear Dynamics
... effect of correlations on the accuracy of population coding. They showed that long-range positive correlations that vary smoothly with the functional distance between the neurons lead to saturation of the accuracy by which the stimulus parameters can be extracted to a nite value, even in the limit ...
... effect of correlations on the accuracy of population coding. They showed that long-range positive correlations that vary smoothly with the functional distance between the neurons lead to saturation of the accuracy by which the stimulus parameters can be extracted to a nite value, even in the limit ...
Somatosensory and Pain
... nerves. Diabetes, infections (e.g. lyme disease, HIV), amyloidosis, immune diseases like rheumatoid arthtritis and SLE Polyneuropathy: Cells in different parts of the body are affected, without regardless of nerve through which they pass. Distal axonopathy, demyelinating diseases, diabetes. Autonomi ...
... nerves. Diabetes, infections (e.g. lyme disease, HIV), amyloidosis, immune diseases like rheumatoid arthtritis and SLE Polyneuropathy: Cells in different parts of the body are affected, without regardless of nerve through which they pass. Distal axonopathy, demyelinating diseases, diabetes. Autonomi ...
nervous tissue, 030717
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.