Circulatory System Directs blood from the heart to the rest of the
... • Resting nerve cells tend to have lots of negatively charged proteins in them, and therefore have a negative charge to them (-65mv). •Resting nerve cells also have lots of potassium inside the cell. •They also have lots of Sodium just outside the cell ...
... • Resting nerve cells tend to have lots of negatively charged proteins in them, and therefore have a negative charge to them (-65mv). •Resting nerve cells also have lots of potassium inside the cell. •They also have lots of Sodium just outside the cell ...
t1review
... 5. How the information is carried from the CNS to the body's tissues. 6. What is an under supply of Serotonin closely related to? 7. What does a refractory period refer to regarding neurotransmission? 8. Knee jerk reflexes are controlled by? 9. Understand the Endocrine system, what it consist of and ...
... 5. How the information is carried from the CNS to the body's tissues. 6. What is an under supply of Serotonin closely related to? 7. What does a refractory period refer to regarding neurotransmission? 8. Knee jerk reflexes are controlled by? 9. Understand the Endocrine system, what it consist of and ...
Psychology 300 Instructor: Sylvia S. Spencer Ph.D. TEST 1 REVIEW
... 5. How the information is carried from the CNS to the body's tissues. 6. What is an under supply of Serotonin closely related to? 7. What does a refractory period refer to regarding neurotransmission? 8. Knee jerk reflexes are controlled by? 9. Understand the Endocrine system, what it consist of and ...
... 5. How the information is carried from the CNS to the body's tissues. 6. What is an under supply of Serotonin closely related to? 7. What does a refractory period refer to regarding neurotransmission? 8. Knee jerk reflexes are controlled by? 9. Understand the Endocrine system, what it consist of and ...
Action Potential
... Components of an Action Potential 1. Threshold: Minimum strength of current required 2. All or none phenomena: - Either a complete action potential that propagates along the axon or no response at all - once generated, moves along the axon without a drop or gain ...
... Components of an Action Potential 1. Threshold: Minimum strength of current required 2. All or none phenomena: - Either a complete action potential that propagates along the axon or no response at all - once generated, moves along the axon without a drop or gain ...
10.2 Neurones
... Cells specialised for rapid transmission of electrical impulses. Consist of Cell body: contains large nucleus, large amount RER for protein and neurotransmitter production Dendrons: extensions of the cell body subdivided into dendrites carrying impulses to the cell body Axon:long fibre carries nerve ...
... Cells specialised for rapid transmission of electrical impulses. Consist of Cell body: contains large nucleus, large amount RER for protein and neurotransmitter production Dendrons: extensions of the cell body subdivided into dendrites carrying impulses to the cell body Axon:long fibre carries nerve ...
The Nervous System
... • A rapid change in polarity across a portion of an axonal membrane • A threshold is the minimum change in polarity that is required to generate an action potential. ...
... • A rapid change in polarity across a portion of an axonal membrane • A threshold is the minimum change in polarity that is required to generate an action potential. ...
Note 11
... In cerebrum and cerebellum, the grey matter surrounds the white matter; while in medulla oblongata, white matter surrounds the grey matter Reflex action : ...
... In cerebrum and cerebellum, the grey matter surrounds the white matter; while in medulla oblongata, white matter surrounds the grey matter Reflex action : ...
Introduction to the Nervous System and Nerve Tissue
... Types of Supportive Cells of the CNS (Neuroglia) 4. Ependymal Cells: Form blood-brain barrier in the brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord. Produce cerebrospinal fluid and assist in its circulation. ...
... Types of Supportive Cells of the CNS (Neuroglia) 4. Ependymal Cells: Form blood-brain barrier in the brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord. Produce cerebrospinal fluid and assist in its circulation. ...
CNS Autonomic NS
... activate a receptor • Coding and processing of stimuli allows us to determine the stimulus type, intensity, location, and duration • Type determined by the cortex in response to where the input comes from; 1:1 association between type of receptor and sensation is called labeled line coding • Locatio ...
... activate a receptor • Coding and processing of stimuli allows us to determine the stimulus type, intensity, location, and duration • Type determined by the cortex in response to where the input comes from; 1:1 association between type of receptor and sensation is called labeled line coding • Locatio ...
Earthworm Action Potentials
... Earthworm Action Potentials They thus take part in a variety of ‘escape’ behaviors. (In chordates, the development of myelination allowed conduction velocities of similar magnitude in nerves of much smaller size.) A major experimental advantage of the earthworm nervous system is that these giant fib ...
... Earthworm Action Potentials They thus take part in a variety of ‘escape’ behaviors. (In chordates, the development of myelination allowed conduction velocities of similar magnitude in nerves of much smaller size.) A major experimental advantage of the earthworm nervous system is that these giant fib ...
Spinal Cord
... Dorsal and ventral roots fuse laterally to form spinal nerves Four zones are evident within the gray matter – somatic sensory (SS), visceral sensory (VS), visceral motor (VM), and somatic motor (SM) ...
... Dorsal and ventral roots fuse laterally to form spinal nerves Four zones are evident within the gray matter – somatic sensory (SS), visceral sensory (VS), visceral motor (VM), and somatic motor (SM) ...
Savage Science AP Biology
... Many sensory receptors are very sensitive: they are able to detect the smallest physical unit of stimulus – For example, most light receptors can detect a photon of light ...
... Many sensory receptors are very sensitive: they are able to detect the smallest physical unit of stimulus – For example, most light receptors can detect a photon of light ...
Nerves, structures, and organs of the head 1. Left cerebral
... Spinal cord (19) A soft oval-shaped cylinder about 45 cm long, and about as big around as the little finger. This structure is protected by the spinal column and is composed of afferent and efferent neurons and internucial neurons. Thalamus (8) Two rounded lobes of gray matter that serves as a major ...
... Spinal cord (19) A soft oval-shaped cylinder about 45 cm long, and about as big around as the little finger. This structure is protected by the spinal column and is composed of afferent and efferent neurons and internucial neurons. Thalamus (8) Two rounded lobes of gray matter that serves as a major ...
The Nervous System
... • The myelin sheath insulates the axon leaving only narrow gaps called nodes of Ranvier to allow action potential to occur. This type of nerve impulse propagation where action potential jumps from one gap to the next is referred to as "saltatory conduction" (which increases the rate of impulse tran ...
... • The myelin sheath insulates the axon leaving only narrow gaps called nodes of Ranvier to allow action potential to occur. This type of nerve impulse propagation where action potential jumps from one gap to the next is referred to as "saltatory conduction" (which increases the rate of impulse tran ...
Chapter Outline
... e. The pump is always working because the membrane is permeable to these ions and they tend to diffuse toward the lesser concentration. f. Since the plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions, there are always more positive ions outside; this accounts for some polarity. ...
... e. The pump is always working because the membrane is permeable to these ions and they tend to diffuse toward the lesser concentration. f. Since the plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions, there are always more positive ions outside; this accounts for some polarity. ...
CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING I. Student
... These students do not realize the small number of ions that are involved, and they assume that Na+ entry into the axon during depolarization reverses the Na+ gradient across the membrane. ...
... These students do not realize the small number of ions that are involved, and they assume that Na+ entry into the axon during depolarization reverses the Na+ gradient across the membrane. ...
Biology 360: Motor Behaviors and Review 1) What is a central
... causes the aggressive behavior (checks the rule that there is an assigned stimulus). It turns out that the stimulus which activates the aggressive behavior in red-bellied stickleback fish is the red on the fish. If you change the stimulus to anything red, it will induce aggressive behavior in the st ...
... causes the aggressive behavior (checks the rule that there is an assigned stimulus). It turns out that the stimulus which activates the aggressive behavior in red-bellied stickleback fish is the red on the fish. If you change the stimulus to anything red, it will induce aggressive behavior in the st ...
暨 南 大 学 考 试 试 卷
... 4) The most important function of the microcirculation is A A. The exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue B. The filtration of water through capillaries C. The regulation of vascular resistance D. The autoregulation of blood flow 5) Rapid depolarization (phase 0) of the action pot ...
... 4) The most important function of the microcirculation is A A. The exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue B. The filtration of water through capillaries C. The regulation of vascular resistance D. The autoregulation of blood flow 5) Rapid depolarization (phase 0) of the action pot ...
11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... A. A synapse is a junction that mediates information transfer between neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell (p. 406; Fig. 11.16). B. Neurons conducting impulses toward the synapse are presynaptic cells, and neurons carrying impulses away from the synapse are postsynaptic cells (p. 406). C ...
... A. A synapse is a junction that mediates information transfer between neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell (p. 406; Fig. 11.16). B. Neurons conducting impulses toward the synapse are presynaptic cells, and neurons carrying impulses away from the synapse are postsynaptic cells (p. 406). C ...
C48 Nervous System
... Myelin sheath – insulating layer of many axons Synaptic terminals – specialized endings of the axons which relay signals to other cells by releasing neurotransmitters (chemical messengers). Synapse – junction between neurons or to a muscle or gland cell. Membrane potential – voltage measured a ...
... Myelin sheath – insulating layer of many axons Synaptic terminals – specialized endings of the axons which relay signals to other cells by releasing neurotransmitters (chemical messengers). Synapse – junction between neurons or to a muscle or gland cell. Membrane potential – voltage measured a ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... • The autonomic system is largely involuntary, its control originates in the brainstem and hypothalamus. • Autonomic nervous system innervates the heart, smooth muscles, organs and glands. • The autonomic system makes one ganglion after leaving the CNS. The post ganglionic cell then makes contact wi ...
... • The autonomic system is largely involuntary, its control originates in the brainstem and hypothalamus. • Autonomic nervous system innervates the heart, smooth muscles, organs and glands. • The autonomic system makes one ganglion after leaving the CNS. The post ganglionic cell then makes contact wi ...
Nolte Chapter 9 – Sensory Receptors and the Peripheral Nervous
... These are known as silent or sleeping nociceptors. Temperature sensitivity is governed by cation channels that each have a specific range of temperatures that increases the probability of its openings. These same channels have binding sites for various botanical molecules, leading to the warm and co ...
... These are known as silent or sleeping nociceptors. Temperature sensitivity is governed by cation channels that each have a specific range of temperatures that increases the probability of its openings. These same channels have binding sites for various botanical molecules, leading to the warm and co ...
Elicited Behavior Chapter 2 pp. 32-53 and the internet if you can`t
... 8. How are releasing stimuli identified? 9. What happens when the releasing stimulus is exaggerated? 10. What are appetitive and consummatory behaviors and what do they have to do with reflexes? Which type of behavior is more reflexive? 11. Imagine that some releasing stimulus is presented repeatedl ...
... 8. How are releasing stimuli identified? 9. What happens when the releasing stimulus is exaggerated? 10. What are appetitive and consummatory behaviors and what do they have to do with reflexes? Which type of behavior is more reflexive? 11. Imagine that some releasing stimulus is presented repeatedl ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.