Nervous System Study Guide
... and potassium amount inside and outside of neuron cell. 6. When a neuron at rest, what is the amount of sodium amount outside and inside the cell? 7. When a neuron at rest, what is the amount of K+ ions inside and outside the neuron cell? 8. Functions of sodium-potassium pumps during action potentia ...
... and potassium amount inside and outside of neuron cell. 6. When a neuron at rest, what is the amount of sodium amount outside and inside the cell? 7. When a neuron at rest, what is the amount of K+ ions inside and outside the neuron cell? 8. Functions of sodium-potassium pumps during action potentia ...
Local Cortical Circuits
... 7 Transmission of Information by Coincidence . . 7.1 The Single Neuron as a Coincidence Detector 7.2 Existence of Chains of Neuronal Sets with Appropriate Connections 7.3 Some Properties of Synfire Chains 8 Organization of Generators of the ECoG 8.1 The Generation of the ECoG 8.2 Population Statist ...
... 7 Transmission of Information by Coincidence . . 7.1 The Single Neuron as a Coincidence Detector 7.2 Existence of Chains of Neuronal Sets with Appropriate Connections 7.3 Some Properties of Synfire Chains 8 Organization of Generators of the ECoG 8.1 The Generation of the ECoG 8.2 Population Statist ...
The Nervous System How your body responds to a stimulus
... frosty ice cube. Before you even have a chance to think “who did that?” your body springs into action. • The ice cube triggers an automatic response called a withdrawal reflex that happens without a conscious decision on your part. ...
... frosty ice cube. Before you even have a chance to think “who did that?” your body springs into action. • The ice cube triggers an automatic response called a withdrawal reflex that happens without a conscious decision on your part. ...
Chapter 17:
... painkillers produced in the CNS, blocking the pain transmitter that usually attaches to the injured organ allowing the perception of pain opiates (heroin, codeine, morphine) block the production of the pain transmitter. Since they act to decrease the production of natural painkillers, the amount o ...
... painkillers produced in the CNS, blocking the pain transmitter that usually attaches to the injured organ allowing the perception of pain opiates (heroin, codeine, morphine) block the production of the pain transmitter. Since they act to decrease the production of natural painkillers, the amount o ...
Lecture_31_2014_noquiz
... • In treating people with severe seizures, doctors electrically stimulate the brain to find the area where the seizure originates from. • The idea is to remove this part of the brain with removing as little as possible from other adjoining areas. Doctors still do this today. • Based on electrical st ...
... • In treating people with severe seizures, doctors electrically stimulate the brain to find the area where the seizure originates from. • The idea is to remove this part of the brain with removing as little as possible from other adjoining areas. Doctors still do this today. • Based on electrical st ...
Biology 30 NERVOUS SYSTEM
... 2. Stimulation / Depolarization (+ 20 mV) stimulation by a change in pH, pressure, or an electrical stimulus cause the Na+ gates to open, and Na+ ions rush into the cell. This causes the membrane to become depolarized, with the outside of the cell being less positive than the inside. ...
... 2. Stimulation / Depolarization (+ 20 mV) stimulation by a change in pH, pressure, or an electrical stimulus cause the Na+ gates to open, and Na+ ions rush into the cell. This causes the membrane to become depolarized, with the outside of the cell being less positive than the inside. ...
Neuron Structure
... this was cacao beans from the tree Cacao theobroma • Chocolate causes brain to produce natural opiates • Opiates produce feelings of euphoria, dull pain • 3 substances in choc act as cannabinoids (mimic cannibis (marijuana)) • Active ingredient in marijuana is THC (tetrahydrocannabiol) • When THC bi ...
... this was cacao beans from the tree Cacao theobroma • Chocolate causes brain to produce natural opiates • Opiates produce feelings of euphoria, dull pain • 3 substances in choc act as cannabinoids (mimic cannibis (marijuana)) • Active ingredient in marijuana is THC (tetrahydrocannabiol) • When THC bi ...
Nervous - Lamont High
... this was cacao beans from the tree Cacao theobroma • Chocolate causes brain to produce natural opiates • Opiates produce feelings of euphoria, dull pain • 3 substances in choc act as cannabinoids (mimic cannibis (marijuana)) • Active ingredient in marijuana is THC (tetrahydrocannabiol) • When THC bi ...
... this was cacao beans from the tree Cacao theobroma • Chocolate causes brain to produce natural opiates • Opiates produce feelings of euphoria, dull pain • 3 substances in choc act as cannabinoids (mimic cannibis (marijuana)) • Active ingredient in marijuana is THC (tetrahydrocannabiol) • When THC bi ...
The Brainstem (or brain stem) 4/5/2010
... horns send their axons out to muscle fibers via the ventral roots. ANS axons also exit via the ventral roots • Although there are sensory nerves and motor nerves that enter and exit the brainstem there are no “dorsal or ventral horns” in the brainstem. ...
... horns send their axons out to muscle fibers via the ventral roots. ANS axons also exit via the ventral roots • Although there are sensory nerves and motor nerves that enter and exit the brainstem there are no “dorsal or ventral horns” in the brainstem. ...
Motor Neuron - papbiobellaire
... 4. Neurofibrils - protein tubules which carry impulses throughout cell 5. Schwann cell - cell around axon - membrane (neurilemma) essential to regeneration of neuron 6. Myelin sheath - lipid layer around axon; an insulator and also increases rate of impulse conduction 7. Axis cylinder - composed of ...
... 4. Neurofibrils - protein tubules which carry impulses throughout cell 5. Schwann cell - cell around axon - membrane (neurilemma) essential to regeneration of neuron 6. Myelin sheath - lipid layer around axon; an insulator and also increases rate of impulse conduction 7. Axis cylinder - composed of ...
Dopamine axons of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons and
... vulnerable in PD and human SNc DA neurons which are 10 times more complex than in the rat. We implemented a compartmental model of the DA neurons with synthetically reconstructed axon arbourisations. After the model's reliability was ensured, we inferred the cost of axon potential propagation and me ...
... vulnerable in PD and human SNc DA neurons which are 10 times more complex than in the rat. We implemented a compartmental model of the DA neurons with synthetically reconstructed axon arbourisations. After the model's reliability was ensured, we inferred the cost of axon potential propagation and me ...
Notes Outline I (Part I)
... 4. The two sub-divisions of the peripheral motor division are the _____________ nervous system and the ______________ nervous system. 5. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions called the _____________ and _____________ divisions. 6. The peripheral motor division called the _____________ nerv ...
... 4. The two sub-divisions of the peripheral motor division are the _____________ nervous system and the ______________ nervous system. 5. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions called the _____________ and _____________ divisions. 6. The peripheral motor division called the _____________ nerv ...
Sensation and Perception
... strength of the stimulus depends on the intensity of the original stimulus ...
... strength of the stimulus depends on the intensity of the original stimulus ...
pttx
... membrane bands called myelin sheaths made by Schwann Cells (PNS) and Oligodendrocytes (CNS). The material of the sheaths is called myelin (phospholipid) and acts as an insulator ( a bit like insulation tape). The bare spots between myelin sheaths are called nodes of Ranvier. Only vertebrates have my ...
... membrane bands called myelin sheaths made by Schwann Cells (PNS) and Oligodendrocytes (CNS). The material of the sheaths is called myelin (phospholipid) and acts as an insulator ( a bit like insulation tape). The bare spots between myelin sheaths are called nodes of Ranvier. Only vertebrates have my ...
Chapter 11 The Nervous System
... – The terminal ends of axons branch, forming fibers that end in small knobs called terminal boutons. – Neurons lose the ability to divide. – Neurons that die cannot be replaced by existing cells. – Neurons have a high metabolic demand, making them highly susceptible to loss of oxygen and glucose. ...
... – The terminal ends of axons branch, forming fibers that end in small knobs called terminal boutons. – Neurons lose the ability to divide. – Neurons that die cannot be replaced by existing cells. – Neurons have a high metabolic demand, making them highly susceptible to loss of oxygen and glucose. ...
Microscopic Nervous System and Reflexes with answers
... 13. What has to happen before an action potential can take place? The cell must receive a stimulus, sodium channels must open and allow enough sodium to enter the cell body to cause the voltage to go from -70mV to -55mV which means it has reached threshold 14. What does an action potential do to the ...
... 13. What has to happen before an action potential can take place? The cell must receive a stimulus, sodium channels must open and allow enough sodium to enter the cell body to cause the voltage to go from -70mV to -55mV which means it has reached threshold 14. What does an action potential do to the ...
Chapters 13, and 14
... Long axons are covered by a myelin sheath formed by neuroglial cells called Schwann cells, interrupted by gaps called nodes of Ranvier. A myelin sheath gives nerve fibers their white, glistening appearance and plays an important role in nerve regeneration within the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ...
... Long axons are covered by a myelin sheath formed by neuroglial cells called Schwann cells, interrupted by gaps called nodes of Ranvier. A myelin sheath gives nerve fibers their white, glistening appearance and plays an important role in nerve regeneration within the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ...
File
... 1) Work with the person sitting next to you 2) Get a ruler 3) Hold the ruler near the end (highest number) and let it hang down. Have the other person put his or her hand at the bottom of the ruler and have them ready to grab the ruler they should not be touching the ruler 4) The person holding th ...
... 1) Work with the person sitting next to you 2) Get a ruler 3) Hold the ruler near the end (highest number) and let it hang down. Have the other person put his or her hand at the bottom of the ruler and have them ready to grab the ruler they should not be touching the ruler 4) The person holding th ...
Sensory Physiology
... firing can increase or decrease in frequency known as “On” pathway and “Off” pathway. • Secondary neurons can receive inputs from both “on” and “off” neurons and that leads to more sensitivity. ...
... firing can increase or decrease in frequency known as “On” pathway and “Off” pathway. • Secondary neurons can receive inputs from both “on” and “off” neurons and that leads to more sensitivity. ...
chapter 48
... o The pumps use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to ____________________________________ 3Na+ _________________________ and 2K+ ____________________________ (so the inside is MORE NEGATIVE and the outside is MORE POSITIVE.) o Gated ion channels are specialized proteins that span the membrane, and allow ...
... o The pumps use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to ____________________________________ 3Na+ _________________________ and 2K+ ____________________________ (so the inside is MORE NEGATIVE and the outside is MORE POSITIVE.) o Gated ion channels are specialized proteins that span the membrane, and allow ...
Biology 12 Nervous System Major Divisions of Nervous System 1
... • Hypothalamus produce ADH and oxytocin which travel through specialized neurons into the posterior pituitary gland where they are temporarily stored and released into the blood stream. • Hypothalamus produces releasing hormones which travel through a portal system (capillary bed) and cause the ante ...
... • Hypothalamus produce ADH and oxytocin which travel through specialized neurons into the posterior pituitary gland where they are temporarily stored and released into the blood stream. • Hypothalamus produces releasing hormones which travel through a portal system (capillary bed) and cause the ante ...
LECTURE OUTLINE
... cord, and the peripheral nervous system, consisting of nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system. The nervous system contains two types of cells: neurons and neuroglia. Types of Neurons and Neuron Structure There are three classes of neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, an ...
... cord, and the peripheral nervous system, consisting of nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system. The nervous system contains two types of cells: neurons and neuroglia. Types of Neurons and Neuron Structure There are three classes of neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, an ...
01 - ALCA
... Receptors = hair cells on the basilar membrane Gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of bending hair cells Cochlear nerve (a division of cranial nerve VIII) attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to temporal lobe Perilymph vibrations from sound waves move the tectorial membrane Hair ...
... Receptors = hair cells on the basilar membrane Gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of bending hair cells Cochlear nerve (a division of cranial nerve VIII) attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to temporal lobe Perilymph vibrations from sound waves move the tectorial membrane Hair ...
Audition and Equilibrium
... • Pitch coded by location of vibrations of Organ of Corti : Which hair cells are stimulated…which set of sensory axons have action potentials • Intensity coded by degree of displacement of stereocilia of hair cells and ultimately the frequency of action potentials in those axons that are active ...
... • Pitch coded by location of vibrations of Organ of Corti : Which hair cells are stimulated…which set of sensory axons have action potentials • Intensity coded by degree of displacement of stereocilia of hair cells and ultimately the frequency of action potentials in those axons that are active ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.