- Northumbria Research Link
... described in terms of rhythmic activity which can be divided into ‘bands’ based on the frequency of the signal. The exquisite sensitivity of EEG to changes in mental activity was first recognised in 1929 when Berger (38) reported a decrease in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm during mental arithmet ...
... described in terms of rhythmic activity which can be divided into ‘bands’ based on the frequency of the signal. The exquisite sensitivity of EEG to changes in mental activity was first recognised in 1929 when Berger (38) reported a decrease in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm during mental arithmet ...
Anatomy and Pathology of the Cerebellar Peduncle
... The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three cerebellar peduncles: 1) the inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body and juxtrarestiform body) 2) the middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis), and 3) the superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum). The middle cerebellar pedunc ...
... The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three cerebellar peduncles: 1) the inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body and juxtrarestiform body) 2) the middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis), and 3) the superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum). The middle cerebellar pedunc ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons to their topographic targets (Bulfone et al., 1998). However, it was unclear whether cues present on ...
... localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons to their topographic targets (Bulfone et al., 1998). However, it was unclear whether cues present on ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... Psychology in Action, Fifth Edition by Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman/Vernoy/Vernoy: Psychology in Action 5e ...
... Psychology in Action, Fifth Edition by Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman/Vernoy/Vernoy: Psychology in Action 5e ...
A diagram of the ear`s structure THE OUTER EAR The outer ear
... The outer ear collects sound waves in the air and channels them to the inner parts of the ear. The outer ear along with its canal has been shown to enhance sounds within a certain frequency range. That range just happens to be the same range that most of the characteristics of human speech sounds f ...
... The outer ear collects sound waves in the air and channels them to the inner parts of the ear. The outer ear along with its canal has been shown to enhance sounds within a certain frequency range. That range just happens to be the same range that most of the characteristics of human speech sounds f ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response properties. Adaptation effects have been characterized in a number of visually ...
... the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response properties. Adaptation effects have been characterized in a number of visually ...
Proprioception: - e
... tissues, such as ligaments and capsules, and also from those receptors located in extraarticular tissues, such as tendons and muscles [16,18]. Neuropathies, most notably diabetic neuropathy, can cause also significant loss of proprioception [19]. Proprioception has also shown decrease with age [1,13 ...
... tissues, such as ligaments and capsules, and also from those receptors located in extraarticular tissues, such as tendons and muscles [16,18]. Neuropathies, most notably diabetic neuropathy, can cause also significant loss of proprioception [19]. Proprioception has also shown decrease with age [1,13 ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... response map types that are typical of unexposed animals. These maps are actually taken from exposed animals, but are at BFs with little or no threshold shift. The right column shows response maps at BFs with substantial threshold shift. Type II response maps (Fig. 2A) show narrowly-tuned excitatory ...
... response map types that are typical of unexposed animals. These maps are actually taken from exposed animals, but are at BFs with little or no threshold shift. The right column shows response maps at BFs with substantial threshold shift. Type II response maps (Fig. 2A) show narrowly-tuned excitatory ...
- Wiley Online Library
... discordance is the experimental approach used in some of these studies, which was mainly based on the lesion or injection of neuroanatomical tracers into the motor branches of the facial nerve and not directly into the different facial muscles. According to Hinrichsen & Watson (1984), this method mi ...
... discordance is the experimental approach used in some of these studies, which was mainly based on the lesion or injection of neuroanatomical tracers into the motor branches of the facial nerve and not directly into the different facial muscles. According to Hinrichsen & Watson (1984), this method mi ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... depolarizing GABA responses. We used the gramicidin perforatedpatch technique to measure ECl (⬃EGABA) in layer V pyramidal neurons in slices of partially isolated sensorimotor cortex of adult rats to explore the potential functional consequence of KCC2 downregulation in chronically injured cortex. E ...
... depolarizing GABA responses. We used the gramicidin perforatedpatch technique to measure ECl (⬃EGABA) in layer V pyramidal neurons in slices of partially isolated sensorimotor cortex of adult rats to explore the potential functional consequence of KCC2 downregulation in chronically injured cortex. E ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... The somatosensory thalamus receives lemniscal fibers (sensory afferents) from the brainstem and projects to the primary somatosensory cortex (Watson et al., 2012). Connections between lemniscal fibers and thalamic neurons in the whisker sensory thalamus (V2 VPM) of the mouse have been a representati ...
... The somatosensory thalamus receives lemniscal fibers (sensory afferents) from the brainstem and projects to the primary somatosensory cortex (Watson et al., 2012). Connections between lemniscal fibers and thalamic neurons in the whisker sensory thalamus (V2 VPM) of the mouse have been a representati ...
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
Pain - mbbsclub.com
... autonomic effects along with efforts to avoid or escape pain. (This reaction differs from person to person & is influenced by age, sex, culture and personality; the reaction is also affected by the intensity & duration of pain.) ...
... autonomic effects along with efforts to avoid or escape pain. (This reaction differs from person to person & is influenced by age, sex, culture and personality; the reaction is also affected by the intensity & duration of pain.) ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... circuit in the nucleuslaminaris establishedby thesemagnocellular afferentsresemblesthat required by Jeffress’place theory of sound localization (Jeffress,1948; Licklider, 1959; Carr and Konishi, 1988; Konishi et al., 1988).The Jeffressmodel is composedof 2 elements:coincidencedetectorsand delay line ...
... circuit in the nucleuslaminaris establishedby thesemagnocellular afferentsresemblesthat required by Jeffress’place theory of sound localization (Jeffress,1948; Licklider, 1959; Carr and Konishi, 1988; Konishi et al., 1988).The Jeffressmodel is composedof 2 elements:coincidencedetectorsand delay line ...
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... without BF stimulation as often as they heard each train that was paired with BF stimulation. When a single unmodulated tone was used as the auditory stimulus (one frequency group), electrical stimulation began 50 ms after tone onset in half the experiments and 200 ms before tone onset in the other ...
... without BF stimulation as often as they heard each train that was paired with BF stimulation. When a single unmodulated tone was used as the auditory stimulus (one frequency group), electrical stimulation began 50 ms after tone onset in half the experiments and 200 ms before tone onset in the other ...
The Nervous System - Napa Valley College
... – Are found in most synapses between neurons and all synapses between neurons and other cells – Cells not in direct contact ...
... – Are found in most synapses between neurons and all synapses between neurons and other cells – Cells not in direct contact ...
uncorrected proof - Illinois State University Websites
... The magnetic field of the earth provides many organisms with sufficient information to successfully navigate through their environments. While evidence suggests the widespread use of this sensory modality across many taxa, it remains an understudied sensory modality. We have recently showed that the ...
... The magnetic field of the earth provides many organisms with sufficient information to successfully navigate through their environments. While evidence suggests the widespread use of this sensory modality across many taxa, it remains an understudied sensory modality. We have recently showed that the ...
The Structure and Plasticity of the Proximal Axon of Hippocampal
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
... Dendrites are one of two types of neuronal processes which emerge from the soma. Dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. In response to afferent information, they integrate the synaptic inputs and generate electrical signals. As far as morphology is ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Global Anatomy Home Page
... characterized by the complexity of symptoms. Pure sensory or motor deficits of a specific nature are rarely seen following cortical damage but, rather, sensory and motor problems tend to be combined with “higher order” dysfunctions involving thought processes, speech, emotions, or memory. This proba ...
... characterized by the complexity of symptoms. Pure sensory or motor deficits of a specific nature are rarely seen following cortical damage but, rather, sensory and motor problems tend to be combined with “higher order” dysfunctions involving thought processes, speech, emotions, or memory. This proba ...
Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
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... The cerebellum is located beneath the brain and overlies the dorsal aspect of the pons and medulla. It contains several functionally independent lobes covered by transversely oriented folia. The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect and correct errors in movement. Errors are detected by c ...
... The cerebellum is located beneath the brain and overlies the dorsal aspect of the pons and medulla. It contains several functionally independent lobes covered by transversely oriented folia. The primary function of the cerebellum is to detect and correct errors in movement. Errors are detected by c ...
5.4.1 Coordinated Movement
... The muscle tissue of the heart is called cardiac muscle. There are three types of cardiac muscle: 1. Atrial muscle 2. Ventricular muscle 3. Excitatory and conductive muscle fibres Contraction of atrial and ventricular muscle is similar to that of skeletal muscle but is of a longer duration. The exci ...
... The muscle tissue of the heart is called cardiac muscle. There are three types of cardiac muscle: 1. Atrial muscle 2. Ventricular muscle 3. Excitatory and conductive muscle fibres Contraction of atrial and ventricular muscle is similar to that of skeletal muscle but is of a longer duration. The exci ...
cellular mechanisms of classical and operant conditioning A model
... by CS test stimuli, which were delivered prior to training (pretest) and 1 or 24 h after training (post-test). At both time points after training, paired training produced a significant increase in the number of bites (post-test minus pre-test) as compared to unpaired training (Fig. 3). These data i ...
... by CS test stimuli, which were delivered prior to training (pretest) and 1 or 24 h after training (post-test). At both time points after training, paired training produced a significant increase in the number of bites (post-test minus pre-test) as compared to unpaired training (Fig. 3). These data i ...
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... initiation of dendritic spikes in L5 pyramidal neurons was wider than for L6 and for L2/3 pyramidal neurons. L6 and L2/3 pyramidal neurons exhibited similar coincidence detection windows to each other but were narrower than in L5 cells implying these cells require more precise synaptic inputs for th ...
... initiation of dendritic spikes in L5 pyramidal neurons was wider than for L6 and for L2/3 pyramidal neurons. L6 and L2/3 pyramidal neurons exhibited similar coincidence detection windows to each other but were narrower than in L5 cells implying these cells require more precise synaptic inputs for th ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... Origin of the NPY-IR innervation of the CRH neurons in the PVN of rats Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the dis ...
... Origin of the NPY-IR innervation of the CRH neurons in the PVN of rats Involvement of the brainstem noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the NPYimmunoreactive innervation of CRH neurons NPY-, DBH- and PNMT-IR axons densely innervated the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN. However, the dis ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.