Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
- White Rose Research Online
... interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses an ...
... interneurons forming most of the remaining cell population. Despite their comparatively small number, the GABAergic fastspiking interneurons (FSIs) in particular exert a very strong influence on the MSNs [20–22], receive input from similar sources, and are interconnected by both chemical synapses an ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... The computational models described here assume that acetylcholine causes diffuse modulatory state changes within cortical structures. This assumption is based on the following evidence: 1.) microdialysis studies show dramatic changes in acetylcholine level in cortex during different stages of waking ...
... The computational models described here assume that acetylcholine causes diffuse modulatory state changes within cortical structures. This assumption is based on the following evidence: 1.) microdialysis studies show dramatic changes in acetylcholine level in cortex during different stages of waking ...
Nutrient and energy intakes for the European Community
... skeletal muscles and the effect on cardiac muscle is reflected by electrocardiographic changes characteristic of impaired polarisation, which may lead to arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. Similar functional changes in intestinal muscle cause intestinal ileus. Mental depression and confusion can also de ...
... skeletal muscles and the effect on cardiac muscle is reflected by electrocardiographic changes characteristic of impaired polarisation, which may lead to arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. Similar functional changes in intestinal muscle cause intestinal ileus. Mental depression and confusion can also de ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... memory (Chafee et al. 2005). This neural signal suggested that parietal neurons were involved in a comparative operation by which differences between copies and models were assessed in order to direct subsequent construction. Support for this was provided by the observation that the neural signal pr ...
... memory (Chafee et al. 2005). This neural signal suggested that parietal neurons were involved in a comparative operation by which differences between copies and models were assessed in order to direct subsequent construction. Support for this was provided by the observation that the neural signal pr ...
Neurons in the macaque orbitofrontal cortex code relative
... and Murray, 2004). These observations suggest that the OFC is processing not only reward information but also aversive information. In this study, we focused on how the OFC codes aversive information as well as reward information at the individual neuron level. One hypothesis is that reward informat ...
... and Murray, 2004). These observations suggest that the OFC is processing not only reward information but also aversive information. In this study, we focused on how the OFC codes aversive information as well as reward information at the individual neuron level. One hypothesis is that reward informat ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling has been reported to regulate three essential processes for the establishment of neural networks in different neuronal systems: neuronal migration, cell positioning and axon wiring. However, it is not known whether it regulates the development of A9-A10 tyrosine hydroxylase po ...
... CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling has been reported to regulate three essential processes for the establishment of neural networks in different neuronal systems: neuronal migration, cell positioning and axon wiring. However, it is not known whether it regulates the development of A9-A10 tyrosine hydroxylase po ...
PRESYNAPTIC IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS AND CONTROL OF
... This potential depends on the concentrations of Cl– in the extracellular space and in the cytoplasm. Whereas the concentration of extracellular Cl– tends to remain the same throughout development, cytoplasmic Cl– levels often decrease in the CNS, especially during brain maturation18. As a result, an ...
... This potential depends on the concentrations of Cl– in the extracellular space and in the cytoplasm. Whereas the concentration of extracellular Cl– tends to remain the same throughout development, cytoplasmic Cl– levels often decrease in the CNS, especially during brain maturation18. As a result, an ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... been ample evidence to show that viscerosomatic convergence is a common phenomenon in this pathway (Foreman 1977, 1984; Gokin et al. 1977; Hancock et al. 1970, 1973, 1975; Ness and Gebhart 1991a,b; Selzer and Spencer 1969a,b; for review, see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have foun ...
... been ample evidence to show that viscerosomatic convergence is a common phenomenon in this pathway (Foreman 1977, 1984; Gokin et al. 1977; Hancock et al. 1970, 1973, 1975; Ness and Gebhart 1991a,b; Selzer and Spencer 1969a,b; for review, see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have foun ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... In vertebrates, the majority of interneurons are inhibitory and they mainly release GABA. However, GABA can also act as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During brain development, GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter acting by GABA A receptors and cooperating with glutamate [12–16]. The effect ...
... In vertebrates, the majority of interneurons are inhibitory and they mainly release GABA. However, GABA can also act as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During brain development, GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter acting by GABA A receptors and cooperating with glutamate [12–16]. The effect ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... neuron and combinatorial mechanisms that involve many transcription factors. Transcription regulators of class I dendritic arborization neuron dendrite morphology. A systematic RNA interference screen has been used to identify more than 70 transcription factors that affect dendrite morphogenesis Box ...
... neuron and combinatorial mechanisms that involve many transcription factors. Transcription regulators of class I dendritic arborization neuron dendrite morphology. A systematic RNA interference screen has been used to identify more than 70 transcription factors that affect dendrite morphogenesis Box ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... their separation into original informative sources is an unresolved problem. Assuming that synaptic currents have stationary placing we implemented independent component model for blind source separation of LFPs in the hippocampal CA1 region. After suppressing contaminating sources from adjacent reg ...
... their separation into original informative sources is an unresolved problem. Assuming that synaptic currents have stationary placing we implemented independent component model for blind source separation of LFPs in the hippocampal CA1 region. After suppressing contaminating sources from adjacent reg ...
GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE
... neighbouring cells and give rise to an intercellular wave of Ca2+ (REFS 33–36). In support of this possibility, C6 glioma cells, which express few gap junctions, do not show Ca2+ waves unless connexins are artificially expressed34. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is likely to diffuse between astrocytes, as indicated b ...
... neighbouring cells and give rise to an intercellular wave of Ca2+ (REFS 33–36). In support of this possibility, C6 glioma cells, which express few gap junctions, do not show Ca2+ waves unless connexins are artificially expressed34. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is likely to diffuse between astrocytes, as indicated b ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... main axon is involved in the secure propagation of action potentials, but it is also able to integrate fluctuations in membrane potential originating from the somatodendritic region to modulate neurotransmitter release (5, 291, 489). Finally, the axon terminal that is principally devoted to excitati ...
... main axon is involved in the secure propagation of action potentials, but it is also able to integrate fluctuations in membrane potential originating from the somatodendritic region to modulate neurotransmitter release (5, 291, 489). Finally, the axon terminal that is principally devoted to excitati ...
highlighted topics - American Journal of Physiology
... of a rhythm must reflect changes in pacemaker behavior, either directly or indirectly via an input pathway. Neuronal firing rate. Circadian rhythms of single- or multiple-unit electrical activities in the SCN have been recorded in vivo and in vitro in hypothalamic slices, slice cultures, and dissoci ...
... of a rhythm must reflect changes in pacemaker behavior, either directly or indirectly via an input pathway. Neuronal firing rate. Circadian rhythms of single- or multiple-unit electrical activities in the SCN have been recorded in vivo and in vitro in hypothalamic slices, slice cultures, and dissoci ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... to induce long-term (more than 7 days) REM enhancement (19) and long-term PGO enhancement but without REM enhancement (20). In vivo cholinergic REM enhancement and a specific carbachol-sensitive site in the dorsal locus subceruleus of rats have been described (21). In addition to the well-known supp ...
... to induce long-term (more than 7 days) REM enhancement (19) and long-term PGO enhancement but without REM enhancement (20). In vivo cholinergic REM enhancement and a specific carbachol-sensitive site in the dorsal locus subceruleus of rats have been described (21). In addition to the well-known supp ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... other thalamic regions that project to the striatum [131]. Striatal neurons project to the GP or to the SNr which projects to specific thalamic nuclei that, in turn, project back to the frontal cortex. Projection neurons of the neocortex, STN, and thalamus are excitatory (glutamatergic), whereas proj ...
... other thalamic regions that project to the striatum [131]. Striatal neurons project to the GP or to the SNr which projects to specific thalamic nuclei that, in turn, project back to the frontal cortex. Projection neurons of the neocortex, STN, and thalamus are excitatory (glutamatergic), whereas proj ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... might underlie the evolution of species-specific behaviors. Serotonin (5-HT) immunohistochemistry in eleven nudibranch species indicated that certain groups of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons, such as the Cerebral Serotonergic Posterior (CeSP) cluster, are present in all species. However, the locations ...
... might underlie the evolution of species-specific behaviors. Serotonin (5-HT) immunohistochemistry in eleven nudibranch species indicated that certain groups of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons, such as the Cerebral Serotonergic Posterior (CeSP) cluster, are present in all species. However, the locations ...
A Confocal Laser Microscopic Study of Enkephalin
... were found on the somata and dendrites of all on-cells. Although ENK-IR varicosities were also apparently apposed to off- and neutral cells, the density of such appositions was significantly less than the density of ENK-IR appositions onto on-cells. The greater overall density of ENK-IR appositions ...
... were found on the somata and dendrites of all on-cells. Although ENK-IR varicosities were also apparently apposed to off- and neutral cells, the density of such appositions was significantly less than the density of ENK-IR appositions onto on-cells. The greater overall density of ENK-IR appositions ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... collaterals, dendrites, and axon terminations in peripheral ganglia. Neuropil has also been considered synonymous with synaptic field, however, and thus has acquired functional connotations as the primary site of integrative neuron activity (Herrick, 1948). The structural limits of neuropil are appa ...
... collaterals, dendrites, and axon terminations in peripheral ganglia. Neuropil has also been considered synonymous with synaptic field, however, and thus has acquired functional connotations as the primary site of integrative neuron activity (Herrick, 1948). The structural limits of neuropil are appa ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.