Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... At another extreme, orientation selectivity might be learned through visual experience: Orientation selectivity would not be hardwired, but a result of adaptation during brain development, driven by the statistics of the natural sensory inputs. Conceptually, a model of the latter sort would provide ...
... At another extreme, orientation selectivity might be learned through visual experience: Orientation selectivity would not be hardwired, but a result of adaptation during brain development, driven by the statistics of the natural sensory inputs. Conceptually, a model of the latter sort would provide ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... neuronal death. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), there was a substantial increase in cathepsin S activity secreted from both macrophages and microglia (Petanceska et al., 1996). This may suggest that cathepsin S plays a role in degenerative disorders because cathepsin S degrades components o ...
... neuronal death. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), there was a substantial increase in cathepsin S activity secreted from both macrophages and microglia (Petanceska et al., 1996). This may suggest that cathepsin S plays a role in degenerative disorders because cathepsin S degrades components o ...
(15 pages pdf)
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... evelopmentally regulated changes in histone modifications and DNA methylation, shaping gene expression patterns and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is inc ...
... evelopmentally regulated changes in histone modifications and DNA methylation, shaping gene expression patterns and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is inc ...
The neuroprotective effects of milk fat globule
... Figure 2 MFG-E8 exerts neuroprotective effects in the presence of microglia. The effect of MFG-E8 treatment against oAβ toxicity in both neuron − microglia co-cultures (A) and neuronal cultures (B). Neurons were stained with an anti-MAP-2 antibody (green), microglia were stained with a Cy5-conjugate ...
... Figure 2 MFG-E8 exerts neuroprotective effects in the presence of microglia. The effect of MFG-E8 treatment against oAβ toxicity in both neuron − microglia co-cultures (A) and neuronal cultures (B). Neurons were stained with an anti-MAP-2 antibody (green), microglia were stained with a Cy5-conjugate ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... lamina, where R1–6 cells target to approximately 750 independent units, called cartridges, and form the first connections, or synapses, with downstream neurons involved in motion processing (27, 74). The second optic lobe region, the medulla, is composed of ∼750 columns, and the first synapses for col ...
... lamina, where R1–6 cells target to approximately 750 independent units, called cartridges, and form the first connections, or synapses, with downstream neurons involved in motion processing (27, 74). The second optic lobe region, the medulla, is composed of ∼750 columns, and the first synapses for col ...
PDF - Stanford University
... individuals exhibit enhanced processing of negative material and diminished processing of positive information, as well as blunted responsivity to rewarding stimuli (see Gotlib & Joormann, 2010). ...
... individuals exhibit enhanced processing of negative material and diminished processing of positive information, as well as blunted responsivity to rewarding stimuli (see Gotlib & Joormann, 2010). ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... immature neurons. Many die within 2 weeks, but the surviving neurons then migrate into the molecular layer [51]. The surviving neurons then send axons to the CA3 region and the hilus to form functional synapses with hilar interneurons and CA3 neurons within 3 weeks [113]. Next, these new neurons sta ...
... immature neurons. Many die within 2 weeks, but the surviving neurons then migrate into the molecular layer [51]. The surviving neurons then send axons to the CA3 region and the hilus to form functional synapses with hilar interneurons and CA3 neurons within 3 weeks [113]. Next, these new neurons sta ...
Quantified Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation in the
... allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and DG, the second or third window always coincided with the pyramidal and the granule cell layers (see Fig. 1). The results were first expressed as numbers of labeled sites per surface unit (mm*) of radioautogra ...
... allowed for accurate sampling of the different laminae in every region. In Ammon’s horn and DG, the second or third window always coincided with the pyramidal and the granule cell layers (see Fig. 1). The results were first expressed as numbers of labeled sites per surface unit (mm*) of radioautogra ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... habenula neurons process negative motivational information, they should respond differently to the CS depending on the stimulus’ conditioned (or learned) values. This idea was tested in an experiment using macaque monkeys53 (FIG. 5). A Pavlovian task was divided into two blocks: an ‘appetitive’ bloc ...
... habenula neurons process negative motivational information, they should respond differently to the CS depending on the stimulus’ conditioned (or learned) values. This idea was tested in an experiment using macaque monkeys53 (FIG. 5). A Pavlovian task was divided into two blocks: an ‘appetitive’ bloc ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neurons with (1) radiate, (2) tufted, or (3) elongate dendrites; (4) small stellate or radiate neuro ...
... body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neurons with (1) radiate, (2) tufted, or (3) elongate dendrites; (4) small stellate or radiate neuro ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... cell types, utilizing gene promoters or loci with specific expression patterns (Gerfen et al., 2013; Gong et al., 2007; Madisen et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple ce ...
... cell types, utilizing gene promoters or loci with specific expression patterns (Gerfen et al., 2013; Gong et al., 2007; Madisen et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple ce ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... the fact that our analyses involved comparable populations of cells in the different areas. Furthermore, our laboratory is also involved in studies in various New World monkey species, for which the Hassler (1966) nomenclature of cortical layers is usually employed; thus, we opted for the use of a c ...
... the fact that our analyses involved comparable populations of cells in the different areas. Furthermore, our laboratory is also involved in studies in various New World monkey species, for which the Hassler (1966) nomenclature of cortical layers is usually employed; thus, we opted for the use of a c ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... intensity of afferent input is variable. Sometimes the variability is a function of other sensory inputs or of the state of motor systems that generate behavior. A form of sensory modulation was investigated in the Aplysia feeding system at the level of a radula mechanoafferent neuron (B21) that pro ...
... intensity of afferent input is variable. Sometimes the variability is a function of other sensory inputs or of the state of motor systems that generate behavior. A form of sensory modulation was investigated in the Aplysia feeding system at the level of a radula mechanoafferent neuron (B21) that pro ...
Physiology of muscles and nerves
... (1) Passive outward diffusion of K+ ions (diffusion potential) (figure 4.2) which alone is responsible for about 95% of RMP than will the inward diffusion of Na+ ions. This is because the permeability of the membrane to K+ ions is 100 times more than Na+ channels. This outward diffusion of K+ will c ...
... (1) Passive outward diffusion of K+ ions (diffusion potential) (figure 4.2) which alone is responsible for about 95% of RMP than will the inward diffusion of Na+ ions. This is because the permeability of the membrane to K+ ions is 100 times more than Na+ channels. This outward diffusion of K+ will c ...
Random Graphs - Mathematics TU Graz
... human mobility. Modelling human travel as diffusion on the Erdős–Rényi random graph does not take into account the geographical restrictions which, unlike the case of communication over the internet, certainly play a strong role here. On the other hand, a random walk on a regular lattice neglects th ...
... human mobility. Modelling human travel as diffusion on the Erdős–Rényi random graph does not take into account the geographical restrictions which, unlike the case of communication over the internet, certainly play a strong role here. On the other hand, a random walk on a regular lattice neglects th ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
ch_16_lecture_presentation
... Functions • Learning Outcomes • 16-4 Describe the structures and functions of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. • 16-5 Describe the mechanisms of parasympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects on target organs and tissues. • 16-6 Discuss the functional signifi ...
... Functions • Learning Outcomes • 16-4 Describe the structures and functions of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. • 16-5 Describe the mechanisms of parasympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects on target organs and tissues. • 16-6 Discuss the functional signifi ...
Investigator/Program Director (Last, First, Middle): Nick, Teresa A.
... electrode and spike sorting methods to the song system for the first time; (3) I am combining multi-electrode and antidromic identification methods for the first time in any system; and (4) Because of the novelty of my approach, I have discovered that the reigning hypothesis of birdsong learning (i. ...
... electrode and spike sorting methods to the song system for the first time; (3) I am combining multi-electrode and antidromic identification methods for the first time in any system; and (4) Because of the novelty of my approach, I have discovered that the reigning hypothesis of birdsong learning (i. ...
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue
... As the virtual rat moves through the environment, sensory input to the model identifies its current location (behavioral state) and indicates food reward when it is received. At each location, the hippocampal model retrieves the prior episode experienced at that location, and provides this informati ...
... As the virtual rat moves through the environment, sensory input to the model identifies its current location (behavioral state) and indicates food reward when it is received. At each location, the hippocampal model retrieves the prior episode experienced at that location, and provides this informati ...
chapter 4 the evolution of body, brain, behavior, and mind in
... Intuitively, this creation myth makes excellent sense. How else could such a complex organism come into existence but by the design of a Creator? And why else can we think and reason, and have a moral sense? But what about the created beasts, what function do they serve? The answer was that God crea ...
... Intuitively, this creation myth makes excellent sense. How else could such a complex organism come into existence but by the design of a Creator? And why else can we think and reason, and have a moral sense? But what about the created beasts, what function do they serve? The answer was that God crea ...
Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the
... coregistration using the FMRIB Nonlinear Image Registration Tool (FNIRT). These BOLD functional data (250 volumes for each subject) were then concatenated in time across all subjects, creating a single 4-dimensional (4-D) data set. We then applied probabilistic ICA to identify global and independent ...
... coregistration using the FMRIB Nonlinear Image Registration Tool (FNIRT). These BOLD functional data (250 volumes for each subject) were then concatenated in time across all subjects, creating a single 4-dimensional (4-D) data set. We then applied probabilistic ICA to identify global and independent ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Queensland
... of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems in the microchiropteran Miniopterus schreibersii, and the megachiropteran Rousettus aegyptiacus, which defined several further differences between the mega- and microchiropterans lending further support for the diphyletic origin of the Ch ...
... of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems in the microchiropteran Miniopterus schreibersii, and the megachiropteran Rousettus aegyptiacus, which defined several further differences between the mega- and microchiropterans lending further support for the diphyletic origin of the Ch ...