Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... Evans, 1978; Moore, 1989). Energy may or may not be present at the fundamental frequency. In contrast, place or spectral pitch is associated with individual fre* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 (765) 494-3793; Fax: +1 (765) 494-0771. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Krishnan). ...
... Evans, 1978; Moore, 1989). Energy may or may not be present at the fundamental frequency. In contrast, place or spectral pitch is associated with individual fre* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 (765) 494-3793; Fax: +1 (765) 494-0771. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Krishnan). ...
GAP-43 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons following Central
... 0 1994 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/94/144375-10$05.00/O ...
... 0 1994 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/94/144375-10$05.00/O ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... those contributing to the representation of, say, an odor. Accordingly, the representation of a word would not be restricted to a small cortical locus, but would be distributed over well-defined areas, for example over Broca's, Wernicke's, and some other areas. The Hebbian model was based on three f ...
... those contributing to the representation of, say, an odor. Accordingly, the representation of a word would not be restricted to a small cortical locus, but would be distributed over well-defined areas, for example over Broca's, Wernicke's, and some other areas. The Hebbian model was based on three f ...
muscle spindle - KIN450
... to abnormal muscle tone such as spasticity (a velocity dependent increase in resistance to passive stretch which causes exaggerated tendon reflexes called hyper reflexia). There are several causes of spasticity associated with the muscle spindle. First, overactive gamma motor neuron input or increas ...
... to abnormal muscle tone such as spasticity (a velocity dependent increase in resistance to passive stretch which causes exaggerated tendon reflexes called hyper reflexia). There are several causes of spasticity associated with the muscle spindle. First, overactive gamma motor neuron input or increas ...
November 2008_Neural_Computing_Systems.SupervisedBackProp
... trained using the BP algorithm: activation in such networks travels in a direction from the input to the output layer and the units in one layer are connected to every other unit in the next layer. There are two sweeps of the fully connected network: forward sweep and backward sweep. ...
... trained using the BP algorithm: activation in such networks travels in a direction from the input to the output layer and the units in one layer are connected to every other unit in the next layer. There are two sweeps of the fully connected network: forward sweep and backward sweep. ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... et al, 2012) and propagation via interconnected brain pathways (Braak et al, 2003a; Luk et al, 2012a; Luk et al, 2012b). The reason(s) that underlie the involvement of MO neurons in the early stages of a‐syn accumulation are not fully understood. It has been hypothesized, however, that pathogenic fo ...
... et al, 2012) and propagation via interconnected brain pathways (Braak et al, 2003a; Luk et al, 2012a; Luk et al, 2012b). The reason(s) that underlie the involvement of MO neurons in the early stages of a‐syn accumulation are not fully understood. It has been hypothesized, however, that pathogenic fo ...
PDF - WordPress @ Clark U
... and ventral homeodomain proteins, such as Dbx1 and Dbx2 (Timmer et al., 2002). Taken together, these results demonstrate that progenitor proteins can be both Shh- and BMPresponsive. A critical question that arises is how a graded response to Shh results in the appropriately localized expression of p ...
... and ventral homeodomain proteins, such as Dbx1 and Dbx2 (Timmer et al., 2002). Taken together, these results demonstrate that progenitor proteins can be both Shh- and BMPresponsive. A critical question that arises is how a graded response to Shh results in the appropriately localized expression of p ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons 15
... best illustrated by a person who is relaxing after dinner and reading the newspaper. Heart rate and respiratory rates are at lownormal levels, and the gastrointestinal tract is digesting food. The pupils are constricted as the eyes focus for close vision. As you explore the sympathetic and parasympa ...
... best illustrated by a person who is relaxing after dinner and reading the newspaper. Heart rate and respiratory rates are at lownormal levels, and the gastrointestinal tract is digesting food. The pupils are constricted as the eyes focus for close vision. As you explore the sympathetic and parasympa ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
Monkey Models of Recovery of Voluntary Hand
... not have true digit opposition. Importantly, the task requires little learning, offers a range of difficulty through alterations in well depth, and enables the measurement and quantification of overall performance. However, the Kluver board does not systematically or easily test individual digit fun ...
... not have true digit opposition. Importantly, the task requires little learning, offers a range of difficulty through alterations in well depth, and enables the measurement and quantification of overall performance. However, the Kluver board does not systematically or easily test individual digit fun ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... they are embedded. Rhythms of various frequencies occur in different brain regions and these oscillations change depending on the behavioral state [2,3]. The importance of these oscillations derives from the fact that neuronal events underlying cognitive activity, from sensory perception to memory, ...
... they are embedded. Rhythms of various frequencies occur in different brain regions and these oscillations change depending on the behavioral state [2,3]. The importance of these oscillations derives from the fact that neuronal events underlying cognitive activity, from sensory perception to memory, ...
Neural predictors of evaluative attitudes toward
... After the fMRI session, participants were asked to perform a choice task outside of the scanner (they were not told before the scanning that there would be the choice task). In each trial, two members from the 10 members used in the fMRI task were presented on the computer screen (Figure 1b), and pa ...
... After the fMRI session, participants were asked to perform a choice task outside of the scanner (they were not told before the scanning that there would be the choice task). In each trial, two members from the 10 members used in the fMRI task were presented on the computer screen (Figure 1b), and pa ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... expression of total TrkB but a distinct increase in the active phosphorylated receptor variant (p-TrkB) in both genotypes (Fig. 6) (Knusel et al., 1997). As described previously (Ge and Lahiri, 2002; Ruiz-León and Pascual, 2004), application of BDNF also raised neuronal APP levels in our experiment ...
... expression of total TrkB but a distinct increase in the active phosphorylated receptor variant (p-TrkB) in both genotypes (Fig. 6) (Knusel et al., 1997). As described previously (Ge and Lahiri, 2002; Ruiz-León and Pascual, 2004), application of BDNF also raised neuronal APP levels in our experiment ...
Congruent Activity during Action and Action Observation in Motor
... consistent during both observation and movement. Furthermore, we find that the presence of a visual target is necessary to elicit this congruent neural activity during observation. These findings along with results from our analysis of the oscillatory power in the beta frequency of the local field p ...
... consistent during both observation and movement. Furthermore, we find that the presence of a visual target is necessary to elicit this congruent neural activity during observation. These findings along with results from our analysis of the oscillatory power in the beta frequency of the local field p ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... separating important features of mixed deep electrical sources. In theory, if we assume that brain electrical sources are spatially stationary (i.e., immobile), then their best extraction from LFPs should be obtained within the ICA framework. Apart from propagating spikes whose contribution to LFPs ...
... separating important features of mixed deep electrical sources. In theory, if we assume that brain electrical sources are spatially stationary (i.e., immobile), then their best extraction from LFPs should be obtained within the ICA framework. Apart from propagating spikes whose contribution to LFPs ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... Electroencephalograph ...
... Electroencephalograph ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... wide variety of peripheral receptors and 2) feedforward control, or “central command,” from descending inputs arising from higher centers in the brain (Fig. 1). One of the most important cardiovascular reflexes is the baroreceptor reflex, and an example of its operation is shown in Fig. 2A. In this ...
... wide variety of peripheral receptors and 2) feedforward control, or “central command,” from descending inputs arising from higher centers in the brain (Fig. 1). One of the most important cardiovascular reflexes is the baroreceptor reflex, and an example of its operation is shown in Fig. 2A. In this ...
Lesser
... mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized according to the use of the body parts rather ...
... mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized according to the use of the body parts rather ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... performing the water maze task, the mice were handled for a week. For initial characterization of Nf19a–/9a–mice, training consisted of 4 trials per day, divided in two sessions of two trials with a 1 h interval (Figure 1) or two trials per day for LTG-treated mice. At the start of the first session ...
... performing the water maze task, the mice were handled for a week. For initial characterization of Nf19a–/9a–mice, training consisted of 4 trials per day, divided in two sessions of two trials with a 1 h interval (Figure 1) or two trials per day for LTG-treated mice. At the start of the first session ...
Long thought to be solely the BRAIN`S COORDINATOR of body
... mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized according to the use of the body parts rather ...
... mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its world. These maps seemed to be organized according to the use of the body parts rather ...
PDF
... Kalcheim and Teillet, 1989; Stern and Keynes, 1987). Although previous work implicated Eph/ephrin and neuropilin 1/semaphorin 3A (Nrp1/Sema3A) in somite to neural crest signaling (Eickholt et al., 1999; Krull et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1998), mouse knockouts of these molecules failed to exhibit segm ...
... Kalcheim and Teillet, 1989; Stern and Keynes, 1987). Although previous work implicated Eph/ephrin and neuropilin 1/semaphorin 3A (Nrp1/Sema3A) in somite to neural crest signaling (Eickholt et al., 1999; Krull et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1998), mouse knockouts of these molecules failed to exhibit segm ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... of 1.3–1.7 ms in which equilibrium potentials were slightly more negative than resting potentials. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) reversed with large amplitudes after the injection of chloride ions suggesting a proximal soma-dendritic location of terminals exhibiting high efficacy in ...
... of 1.3–1.7 ms in which equilibrium potentials were slightly more negative than resting potentials. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) reversed with large amplitudes after the injection of chloride ions suggesting a proximal soma-dendritic location of terminals exhibiting high efficacy in ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... attention. We then consider several candidate circuits that could mediate this role, illustrating that key components of the brain mechanisms of attention may lie outside the scope of current models. ...
... attention. We then consider several candidate circuits that could mediate this role, illustrating that key components of the brain mechanisms of attention may lie outside the scope of current models. ...
Human Physiology - Maryville University
... to ability of axon to conduct current Axon cable properties are poor because: Cytoplasm has high resistance Though resistance decreases as axon diameter increases Current leaks out through ion channels ...
... to ability of axon to conduct current Axon cable properties are poor because: Cytoplasm has high resistance Though resistance decreases as axon diameter increases Current leaks out through ion channels ...
Slide 7.3b
... If the action potential (nerve impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearso ...
... If the action potential (nerve impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration This action requires ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearso ...