Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy
... Figure 1. Expression of Truncated Ataxin-3 with Polyglutamine Repeat Stretch in OrexinContaining Neurons in Transgenic Mice (A) Orexin/ataxin-3 transgene. The genomic DNA fragment containing the 3149-bp 5⬘-flanking region and the 122-bp 5⬘-noncoding region of exon 1 of human prepro-orexin gene was l ...
... Figure 1. Expression of Truncated Ataxin-3 with Polyglutamine Repeat Stretch in OrexinContaining Neurons in Transgenic Mice (A) Orexin/ataxin-3 transgene. The genomic DNA fragment containing the 3149-bp 5⬘-flanking region and the 122-bp 5⬘-noncoding region of exon 1 of human prepro-orexin gene was l ...
NIH Public Access - Department of Biochemistry | UW
... This section formalizes our causal inference framework for systems genetics that combines ideas from randomized experiments with a purely probabilistic approach to causal inference. We argue that while causal claims about the relationship between QTLs and phenotypes are justified by randomization of ...
... This section formalizes our causal inference framework for systems genetics that combines ideas from randomized experiments with a purely probabilistic approach to causal inference. We argue that while causal claims about the relationship between QTLs and phenotypes are justified by randomization of ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... macrophages in the context of the CNS. We studied the migration of AA and CA macrophages towards conditioned medium from different CNS cell types, motility and adhesion. CA macrophages were attracted towards astrocytes. AA macrophages were attracted towards neurons. CA macrophages were less motile a ...
... macrophages in the context of the CNS. We studied the migration of AA and CA macrophages towards conditioned medium from different CNS cell types, motility and adhesion. CA macrophages were attracted towards astrocytes. AA macrophages were attracted towards neurons. CA macrophages were less motile a ...
Mirror neurons in humans: Consisting or confounding
... Here we shall review available evidence in favour of the existence of a mirror neuron system in humans and consider whether it exhibits the same properties as those found in the ‘classic’ studies performed on non-human primates. This is a fundamental step because, before speculating about the number ...
... Here we shall review available evidence in favour of the existence of a mirror neuron system in humans and consider whether it exhibits the same properties as those found in the ‘classic’ studies performed on non-human primates. This is a fundamental step because, before speculating about the number ...
Read Neuroglia
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
Fluorescence Recordings of Electrical Activity in Goldfish Optic
... consequent to optic tract stimulation for at least 8 (and up to 24) hr under normal conditions. The thin lateral slices rarely showed extracellular field potentials following stimulation at the rostra1 end, probably because the trajectory of the optic nerve fibers that innervate the central tectum i ...
... consequent to optic tract stimulation for at least 8 (and up to 24) hr under normal conditions. The thin lateral slices rarely showed extracellular field potentials following stimulation at the rostra1 end, probably because the trajectory of the optic nerve fibers that innervate the central tectum i ...
Smelling on the fly: sensory cues and strategies for olfactory
... an obvious example, visual cues may be useful in the daytime but less useful at night. This makes chemotaxis an interesting behavior from the perspective of understanding how the nervous system selects a particular program of action among different alternatives. In this review, we will focus on chem ...
... an obvious example, visual cues may be useful in the daytime but less useful at night. This makes chemotaxis an interesting behavior from the perspective of understanding how the nervous system selects a particular program of action among different alternatives. In this review, we will focus on chem ...
Mapping Horizontal Spread of Activity in Monkey Motor
... Anatomical studies have demonstrated that distant cortical points are interconnected through long range axon collaterals of pyramidal cells. However, the functional properties of these intrinsic synaptic connections, especially their relationship with the cortical representations of body movements, ...
... Anatomical studies have demonstrated that distant cortical points are interconnected through long range axon collaterals of pyramidal cells. However, the functional properties of these intrinsic synaptic connections, especially their relationship with the cortical representations of body movements, ...
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Therapeutic Targets
... Department of Neurology LCI 707, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT 06520-8018, USA. Tel: 203-785-5947; Fax: 203-785-7826; E-mail: [email protected]. The authors have no relevant financial disclosures to report. ...
... Department of Neurology LCI 707, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT 06520-8018, USA. Tel: 203-785-5947; Fax: 203-785-7826; E-mail: [email protected]. The authors have no relevant financial disclosures to report. ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... under mineral oil. The efferent whole nerve activities were amplified (bandpass: 10 - 3 k Hz), rectified, and integrated by an integrator (Gould 13-4615-70, Gould, Cleveland, OH, USA) with a reset time of 5 s. Signals were monitored with an oscilloscope (Tektronix 5113, Tucker, Dallas, TX, USA) and ...
... under mineral oil. The efferent whole nerve activities were amplified (bandpass: 10 - 3 k Hz), rectified, and integrated by an integrator (Gould 13-4615-70, Gould, Cleveland, OH, USA) with a reset time of 5 s. Signals were monitored with an oscilloscope (Tektronix 5113, Tucker, Dallas, TX, USA) and ...
Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
... Fig. 2 shows the model’s construction of the dðtÞ shown in the lower traces of Fig. 1. The two sets of traces show successively the stimulus, u, the reward r, the prediction v, the temporal difference of the predictions Dv ¼ vðt þ 1Þ 2 vðtÞ, and the temporal difference prediction error d, which is t ...
... Fig. 2 shows the model’s construction of the dðtÞ shown in the lower traces of Fig. 1. The two sets of traces show successively the stimulus, u, the reward r, the prediction v, the temporal difference of the predictions Dv ¼ vðt þ 1Þ 2 vðtÞ, and the temporal difference prediction error d, which is t ...
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
... Department of Neurology LCI 707, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT 06520-8018, USA. Tel: 203-785-5947; Fax: 203-785-7826; E-mail: [email protected]. The authors have no relevant financial disclosures to report. ...
... Department of Neurology LCI 707, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT 06520-8018, USA. Tel: 203-785-5947; Fax: 203-785-7826; E-mail: [email protected]. The authors have no relevant financial disclosures to report. ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... the MNS might be in learning. It seems likely that at least in some ways the MNS is involved in aspects of learning, because it couples observation and execution of actions. Nevertheless, not much research addressing this possibility has been carried out. Although some work has been done showing a p ...
... the MNS might be in learning. It seems likely that at least in some ways the MNS is involved in aspects of learning, because it couples observation and execution of actions. Nevertheless, not much research addressing this possibility has been carried out. Although some work has been done showing a p ...
A Neural Network of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement
... part of a model neural system for the coordinated control of recognition learning, reinforcement learning, and motor learning, whose properties clarify how an animal can learn to acquire a delayed reward. Behavioral and neural data are summarized in support of each processing stage of the system. Th ...
... part of a model neural system for the coordinated control of recognition learning, reinforcement learning, and motor learning, whose properties clarify how an animal can learn to acquire a delayed reward. Behavioral and neural data are summarized in support of each processing stage of the system. Th ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... anatomical differences might reflect behavioral differences in the role that the sense of smell plays in these two species. For example, the amygdala provides strong input to agranular OFC, but very scant projections to central anterior OFC (such as area 11l), implying that limbic (amygdala) influen ...
... anatomical differences might reflect behavioral differences in the role that the sense of smell plays in these two species. For example, the amygdala provides strong input to agranular OFC, but very scant projections to central anterior OFC (such as area 11l), implying that limbic (amygdala) influen ...
How Does the Brain Produce Movement?
... of the entire system. The idea that the nervous system is hierarchically organized originated with the English neurologist John Hughlings-Jackson. He thought of the nervous system as being organized into a number of layers, with successively higher levels controlling more complex aspects of behavior ...
... of the entire system. The idea that the nervous system is hierarchically organized originated with the English neurologist John Hughlings-Jackson. He thought of the nervous system as being organized into a number of layers, with successively higher levels controlling more complex aspects of behavior ...
Article
... compared to the time scale of an action potential or synaptic transmission [6–8]. Moreover, the duration of each cycle can change according to the circumstances [9]. In general, CPG networks consist of interconnected interneurons that generate motor patterns underlying rhythmic behaviors. Since inte ...
... compared to the time scale of an action potential or synaptic transmission [6–8]. Moreover, the duration of each cycle can change according to the circumstances [9]. In general, CPG networks consist of interconnected interneurons that generate motor patterns underlying rhythmic behaviors. Since inte ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
Chapter_013
... Consists of the cerebellar hemispheres and the vermis Internal white matter—composed of short and long tracts • Shorter tracts—conduct impulses from neuron cell bodies located in the cerebellar cortex to neurons whose dendrites and cell bodies compose nuclei located in the interior of the cerebellum ...
... Consists of the cerebellar hemispheres and the vermis Internal white matter—composed of short and long tracts • Shorter tracts—conduct impulses from neuron cell bodies located in the cerebellar cortex to neurons whose dendrites and cell bodies compose nuclei located in the interior of the cerebellum ...
Chapter_013
... Consists of the cerebellar hemispheres and the vermis Internal white matter—composed of short and long tracts • Shorter tracts—conduct impulses from neuron cell bodies located in the cerebellar cortex to neurons whose dendrites and cell bodies compose nuclei located in the interior of the cerebellum ...
... Consists of the cerebellar hemispheres and the vermis Internal white matter—composed of short and long tracts • Shorter tracts—conduct impulses from neuron cell bodies located in the cerebellar cortex to neurons whose dendrites and cell bodies compose nuclei located in the interior of the cerebellum ...
Lillienfeld: Chapter 3 lecture PowerPoint
... electrical activity. • When there are no NTs acting on a neuron, it is at the resting potential. • When there is enough of a charge inside the neuron (threshold), an action potential will occur. ...
... electrical activity. • When there are no NTs acting on a neuron, it is at the resting potential. • When there is enough of a charge inside the neuron (threshold), an action potential will occur. ...