Sleep/Neurology-The Orexin System
... Two peptides derived from a single gene were identified and named Hypocretins for their hypothalamic location and sequence homology to secretin ...
... Two peptides derived from a single gene were identified and named Hypocretins for their hypothalamic location and sequence homology to secretin ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... subbranches a1 and a2, as well as b1 and b2. The subbranches a1 and b1 innervated one glomerulus, and subbranches a2 and b2 ran into another glomerulus (Fig. 2E, schematically depicted in Fig. 2G; see Supplementary Material for a 3D rotatable reconstruction). Branch a2 bifurcated again and the subbr ...
... subbranches a1 and a2, as well as b1 and b2. The subbranches a1 and b1 innervated one glomerulus, and subbranches a2 and b2 ran into another glomerulus (Fig. 2E, schematically depicted in Fig. 2G; see Supplementary Material for a 3D rotatable reconstruction). Branch a2 bifurcated again and the subbr ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... Subjects viewed the stimuli while time series of MRI volumes were acquired (every 1.5 sec) using a T2 *-sensitive, spiral-trajectory, gradientecho pulse sequence (Glover and Lai, 1998; Glover, 1999): echo time (TE), 30 msec; repetition time (TR), 750 msec (two interleaves); flip angle, 55°; field of ...
... Subjects viewed the stimuli while time series of MRI volumes were acquired (every 1.5 sec) using a T2 *-sensitive, spiral-trajectory, gradientecho pulse sequence (Glover and Lai, 1998; Glover, 1999): echo time (TE), 30 msec; repetition time (TR), 750 msec (two interleaves); flip angle, 55°; field of ...
Potts Networks – Latching – Correlated patterns
... • In addition, popular neurons affect negatively the general performance (decay of F(x)). • These results show how the current trend in category specific deficits (‘living’ weaker than ‘non living’) could emerge even in a purely homogeneous network. ...
... • In addition, popular neurons affect negatively the general performance (decay of F(x)). • These results show how the current trend in category specific deficits (‘living’ weaker than ‘non living’) could emerge even in a purely homogeneous network. ...
Zinc Neurotoxicity and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
... channel.4) The most established effect of zinc is the modulation of postsynaptic excitability through inhibition of NMDA-type glutamate receptor.6) A recent zinc-imaging study using newly developed zincsensitive fluorescent dye, ZnAF-2, demonstrated that zinc is released activity-dependently from th ...
... channel.4) The most established effect of zinc is the modulation of postsynaptic excitability through inhibition of NMDA-type glutamate receptor.6) A recent zinc-imaging study using newly developed zincsensitive fluorescent dye, ZnAF-2, demonstrated that zinc is released activity-dependently from th ...
Neural constraints on learning
... shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure. These findings offer a network-level explanation for the observation that we are more readily able to learn new skills when the ...
... shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure. These findings offer a network-level explanation for the observation that we are more readily able to learn new skills when the ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... Figure 5. Cultured rat cerebrum fixed 72 hr after plating and stained with the monoclonal antibody to tau. A, Two adjacent neurons elaborating a complex array of growth cone morphologies, as has been observed in neurite migration over non-neural substrates. Fluorescein-labeled tau immunoreactivity e ...
... Figure 5. Cultured rat cerebrum fixed 72 hr after plating and stained with the monoclonal antibody to tau. A, Two adjacent neurons elaborating a complex array of growth cone morphologies, as has been observed in neurite migration over non-neural substrates. Fluorescein-labeled tau immunoreactivity e ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... monkeys, was showing that several, now well identified, different full representations of bodily movements in BA6 (Graziano & Aflalo, 2007; Dum & Strick, 2002), functionally separated from BA4. The group of Rizzolatti and coworkers focused its attention on the functional properties of neurons in the ...
... monkeys, was showing that several, now well identified, different full representations of bodily movements in BA6 (Graziano & Aflalo, 2007; Dum & Strick, 2002), functionally separated from BA4. The group of Rizzolatti and coworkers focused its attention on the functional properties of neurons in the ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
Efficient gene transduction of neurons by lentivirus with
... because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the central nervous system3–5,8 Thus, it is indispensable to ...
... because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the central nervous system3–5,8 Thus, it is indispensable to ...
An Analysis of Free-Will - ScholarWorks at WMU
... close contact with the environment. The body is composed of several different kinds of receptors, specified to receive different forms of energy from the environment (Fox, 2013, p. 267). Receptors associated with muscle movements are cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors and visceral receptors (Fox, 2 ...
... close contact with the environment. The body is composed of several different kinds of receptors, specified to receive different forms of energy from the environment (Fox, 2013, p. 267). Receptors associated with muscle movements are cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors and visceral receptors (Fox, 2 ...
chapter_9_powerpoint_le - AandP2010-2011
... Impulse Processing A. How impulses are processed is dependent upon how neurons are organized in the brain and spinal cord. B. Neuronal Pools ...
... Impulse Processing A. How impulses are processed is dependent upon how neurons are organized in the brain and spinal cord. B. Neuronal Pools ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... Anderson et al., 1993; Ringach et al., 1997). Consequently, orientation selectivity in primates seems to arise from intracortical circuitry. The neurons in layer 4C may provide patterned input to the superficial layers in a manner analogous to the thalamic input to layer 4 in the cat, but this idea ...
... Anderson et al., 1993; Ringach et al., 1997). Consequently, orientation selectivity in primates seems to arise from intracortical circuitry. The neurons in layer 4C may provide patterned input to the superficial layers in a manner analogous to the thalamic input to layer 4 in the cat, but this idea ...
Caudal Topographic Nucleus Isthmi and the Rostra1
... neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in those nuclei were reconstructed from serial sections and found to branch widely, sparsely innervating large areas of the tectum. Fourth, the dense thickets are not terminals o ...
... neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in those nuclei were reconstructed from serial sections and found to branch widely, sparsely innervating large areas of the tectum. Fourth, the dense thickets are not terminals o ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... creating the nerve impulse shown in blue. The polarity of the impulse is negative (-) because we are measuring from the outside (opposite polarity to that inside the cell). Since both recording electrodes at this instant are at the same voltage potential, it records 0 Volts. Note: It only matters th ...
... creating the nerve impulse shown in blue. The polarity of the impulse is negative (-) because we are measuring from the outside (opposite polarity to that inside the cell). Since both recording electrodes at this instant are at the same voltage potential, it records 0 Volts. Note: It only matters th ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... 1985). Due to the conductive properties of the gray matter, the sources of the LFP are thought to be located within ⬃500 m (Kruse and Eckhorn 1996). Thus the LFP-recording electrode notionally samples the activity of a population containing perhaps thousands of neurons (Kruse and Eckhorn 1996; Logo ...
... 1985). Due to the conductive properties of the gray matter, the sources of the LFP are thought to be located within ⬃500 m (Kruse and Eckhorn 1996). Thus the LFP-recording electrode notionally samples the activity of a population containing perhaps thousands of neurons (Kruse and Eckhorn 1996; Logo ...
Problemset Title Chapter 1 Quiz Introductory Text Question 1 Type
... Chemical changes at the level of an individual dendrite alter flow of Incorrect communication among neurons. Neurons may alter the composition of existing axons and/or dendrites as a result of a learning experience. ...
... Chemical changes at the level of an individual dendrite alter flow of Incorrect communication among neurons. Neurons may alter the composition of existing axons and/or dendrites as a result of a learning experience. ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... correctly describes the effect of hippocampal lesions on acquisition of delay conditioning, extinction, latent inhibition, generalization, blocking, overshadowing, discrimination reversal, and sensory preconditioning. However, the S-P-H model has difficulty describing the effect of hippocampal lesio ...
... correctly describes the effect of hippocampal lesions on acquisition of delay conditioning, extinction, latent inhibition, generalization, blocking, overshadowing, discrimination reversal, and sensory preconditioning. However, the S-P-H model has difficulty describing the effect of hippocampal lesio ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... Figure 1. Functional organization of the cricket cercal sensory system. A, Schematic diagram of the common house cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered w ...
... Figure 1. Functional organization of the cricket cercal sensory system. A, Schematic diagram of the common house cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered w ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... were anesthetized with 3.5% chloral hydrate by intraperitoneal injection and clamped in a stereotactic apparatus with auxiliary devices. Following an incision of skin, a small bur hole was made in the left parietal bone using a dental drill. A single injection of 0.1 l of 10% DiI solution dissolved ...
... were anesthetized with 3.5% chloral hydrate by intraperitoneal injection and clamped in a stereotactic apparatus with auxiliary devices. Following an incision of skin, a small bur hole was made in the left parietal bone using a dental drill. A single injection of 0.1 l of 10% DiI solution dissolved ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... is given by the equations 0 ⫹ A ⫻ c for the preferred direction and 0 ⫺ B ⫻ c for the nonpreferred direction, where 0 (20 Hz) is the baseline input, c (between 0 and 100%) is the coherence level, and A (60 Hz) and B (20 Hz) are proportionality factors (Wang, 2002). Cortical outputs project to ...
... is given by the equations 0 ⫹ A ⫻ c for the preferred direction and 0 ⫺ B ⫻ c for the nonpreferred direction, where 0 (20 Hz) is the baseline input, c (between 0 and 100%) is the coherence level, and A (60 Hz) and B (20 Hz) are proportionality factors (Wang, 2002). Cortical outputs project to ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... developmental trajectories of amygdala function. Finally, we consider the impact of juvenile learning on amygdala function and speculate on implications for behavioral outcomes and psychiatric disease. ...
... developmental trajectories of amygdala function. Finally, we consider the impact of juvenile learning on amygdala function and speculate on implications for behavioral outcomes and psychiatric disease. ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... or the STN is not clear. Thus, studies of the electrophysiologic properties of corticostriatal projection neurons have shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not ...
... or the STN is not clear. Thus, studies of the electrophysiologic properties of corticostriatal projection neurons have shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not ...
Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system
... Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
... Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... The monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) followed by sodium pentobarbital administered intravenously through a femoral catheter until a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved. Additional anesthetic was administered during surgery as needed. Surgery was ...
... The monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) followed by sodium pentobarbital administered intravenously through a femoral catheter until a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved. Additional anesthetic was administered during surgery as needed. Surgery was ...