Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influence on the output structures of the BG circuitry. The action of dopamine is mediated by ...
... control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influence on the output structures of the BG circuitry. The action of dopamine is mediated by ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous in their anatomical location, targets to which they project, elec ...
... dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous in their anatomical location, targets to which they project, elec ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... these genes in the apteronotid telencephalon. Results: There were, in the case of all three genes, good similarities between the apteronotid and human amino acid sequences: FoxP2 ‐ 78%, Otx1 ‐ 54%, FoxO3 ‐ 71%. The functional domains of these genes was conserved to a far greater extent suggesting ...
... these genes in the apteronotid telencephalon. Results: There were, in the case of all three genes, good similarities between the apteronotid and human amino acid sequences: FoxP2 ‐ 78%, Otx1 ‐ 54%, FoxO3 ‐ 71%. The functional domains of these genes was conserved to a far greater extent suggesting ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... Moving to dopaminergic neurons, an increased rate of refilling of the readily releasable pool has been reported in mice lacking α-synuclein [52]. This result is in line with an increase in recovery from paired-pulse depression (PPD) that has been reported in striatal slices in one study [44], althou ...
... Moving to dopaminergic neurons, an increased rate of refilling of the readily releasable pool has been reported in mice lacking α-synuclein [52]. This result is in line with an increase in recovery from paired-pulse depression (PPD) that has been reported in striatal slices in one study [44], althou ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... translation between brain activity associated with cognition and the associated mental states, as I have discussed earlier (Taylor, 1999, 2001a,b). However, the resulting dictionary had a crucial missing entry: that of the subjective self. How to incorporate that is the ‘hard problem’ of consciousne ...
... translation between brain activity associated with cognition and the associated mental states, as I have discussed earlier (Taylor, 1999, 2001a,b). However, the resulting dictionary had a crucial missing entry: that of the subjective self. How to incorporate that is the ‘hard problem’ of consciousne ...
Comparative Study of c-Fos Expression in Rat Dorsal Vagal
... Additionally, another group (Group 30-30), in which 5 rats were given RWIS for 30 min and then replaced in their home cages for 30 min before sacrifice, was established for comparison to Group 60, to determine the intrinsic kinetics of c-Fos expression. c-Fos Immunohistochemistry. Rats were perfused ...
... Additionally, another group (Group 30-30), in which 5 rats were given RWIS for 30 min and then replaced in their home cages for 30 min before sacrifice, was established for comparison to Group 60, to determine the intrinsic kinetics of c-Fos expression. c-Fos Immunohistochemistry. Rats were perfused ...
E45021924
... neurons of the PVN and SON. Only one oxytocin receptor, i.e.the uterine type of receptor, has been identified. This type of receptor also has been demonstrated in the central nervous system [1]. 2.2 Role of oxytocin in psychological adaptations in breastfeeding women: Mothers having had their newbor ...
... neurons of the PVN and SON. Only one oxytocin receptor, i.e.the uterine type of receptor, has been identified. This type of receptor also has been demonstrated in the central nervous system [1]. 2.2 Role of oxytocin in psychological adaptations in breastfeeding women: Mothers having had their newbor ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... (recently renamed Noto), was initially thought to be solely required for the formation of the pineal organ. In Flh mutants, neurogenesis in the pineal organ stalls at about 18 h post-fertilization (hpf ), resulting in large deficits in all subtypes of pineal cells (Masai et al., 1997); despite the l ...
... (recently renamed Noto), was initially thought to be solely required for the formation of the pineal organ. In Flh mutants, neurogenesis in the pineal organ stalls at about 18 h post-fertilization (hpf ), resulting in large deficits in all subtypes of pineal cells (Masai et al., 1997); despite the l ...
Molecular and morphological analyses of basal forebrain
... nearly all forebrain structures such as the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and septum (Marin et al., 2000; Gelman et al., 2009; Nobrega-Pereira et al., 2010). Migratory cells from each of these three embryonic proliferative zones are further classified into septal progenitor domains, SE1-6 ...
... nearly all forebrain structures such as the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and septum (Marin et al., 2000; Gelman et al., 2009; Nobrega-Pereira et al., 2010). Migratory cells from each of these three embryonic proliferative zones are further classified into septal progenitor domains, SE1-6 ...
Classification using sparse representations
... and a signal. Most practical methods fall into one of two classes: greedy pursuit algorithms, or convex relaxation algorithms (Tropp and Wright, 2010). The columns of the matrix V comprise basis vectors (or “elementary components”, or “codebook entries”, or “atoms”, or “dictionary elements”), that a ...
... and a signal. Most practical methods fall into one of two classes: greedy pursuit algorithms, or convex relaxation algorithms (Tropp and Wright, 2010). The columns of the matrix V comprise basis vectors (or “elementary components”, or “codebook entries”, or “atoms”, or “dictionary elements”), that a ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... new DMS procedure (delayed matching-to-sample) like that used in the monkey was developed for dogs by Kowalska (1997) and was applied in auditory recognition tasks, providing an opportunity to compare the results in both species. However, rhinal lesions in dogs had no effect on performance in these ...
... new DMS procedure (delayed matching-to-sample) like that used in the monkey was developed for dogs by Kowalska (1997) and was applied in auditory recognition tasks, providing an opportunity to compare the results in both species. However, rhinal lesions in dogs had no effect on performance in these ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... cytochrome oxidase staining. Thus, radiations of long horizontal axons indeed have the spatial characteristics necessary to explain horizontal activity spreads. These axons may contribute to multimodal cortical responses and various forms of cortical neural plasticity. Keywords Barrel cortex Horiz ...
... cytochrome oxidase staining. Thus, radiations of long horizontal axons indeed have the spatial characteristics necessary to explain horizontal activity spreads. These axons may contribute to multimodal cortical responses and various forms of cortical neural plasticity. Keywords Barrel cortex Horiz ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... however, if the AIC/IFG and the ACC are regarded as complementary limbic sensory and motor regions, respectively (see Box 1), then this response profile would also be consistent with the interpretation that target awareness is engendered in the AIC/IFG and control of directed effort in the ACC. In ...
... however, if the AIC/IFG and the ACC are regarded as complementary limbic sensory and motor regions, respectively (see Box 1), then this response profile would also be consistent with the interpretation that target awareness is engendered in the AIC/IFG and control of directed effort in the ACC. In ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... outcome, but rather its specific identity. Finally, in both regions we found correlates of the available action–outcome contingencies reflected in the baseline activity of many neurons. These results suggest that differences in information content in these two regions may not determine the different ...
... outcome, but rather its specific identity. Finally, in both regions we found correlates of the available action–outcome contingencies reflected in the baseline activity of many neurons. These results suggest that differences in information content in these two regions may not determine the different ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... covariance or functional connectivity patterns were identified. The first pattern mainly reflected similarities between groups, with strong interrelations between the subcortical auditory system and the thalamocortical visual system, cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, and midline thalamus. This pat ...
... covariance or functional connectivity patterns were identified. The first pattern mainly reflected similarities between groups, with strong interrelations between the subcortical auditory system and the thalamocortical visual system, cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, and midline thalamus. This pat ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... nuclear staining that was absent in Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 1C). To test whether wild-type and Mecp2/y ESC-derived neurons begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previou ...
... nuclear staining that was absent in Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 1C). To test whether wild-type and Mecp2/y ESC-derived neurons begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previou ...
DCN principal cells respond to spectral edges, which requires additional inhibitory effects in DCN
... frequencies from %1 to 1 octaves relative to (re:) BF. Noise band center frequency sweep sets were similar, with bandwidths and sound levels varied. units were classified as onset-C neurons if they had onset responses to tones, no spontaneous rate, and strong BBN responses. Response maps were collec ...
... frequencies from %1 to 1 octaves relative to (re:) BF. Noise band center frequency sweep sets were similar, with bandwidths and sound levels varied. units were classified as onset-C neurons if they had onset responses to tones, no spontaneous rate, and strong BBN responses. Response maps were collec ...
GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE
... GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE Philip G. Haydon Glial cells are emerging from the background to become more prominent in our thinking about integration in the nervous system. Given that glial cells associated with synapses integrate neuronal inputs and can release transmitters that modul ...
... GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE Philip G. Haydon Glial cells are emerging from the background to become more prominent in our thinking about integration in the nervous system. Given that glial cells associated with synapses integrate neuronal inputs and can release transmitters that modul ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... The VS projects to the ventral pallidum (VP) and to the VTA/SN, which, in turn, project back to the prefrontal cortex, via the medial dorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus. This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippo ...
... The VS projects to the ventral pallidum (VP) and to the VTA/SN, which, in turn, project back to the prefrontal cortex, via the medial dorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus. This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippo ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... sufficiently demonstrated that a number of elements within the PM are definitely not specific for pain, and can be triggered by any behaviourally relevant stimulus. Thus, while some investigators still consider the PM as a ‘direct measure’ of the actual pain experience (e.g. Borsook et al 2010), cur ...
... sufficiently demonstrated that a number of elements within the PM are definitely not specific for pain, and can be triggered by any behaviourally relevant stimulus. Thus, while some investigators still consider the PM as a ‘direct measure’ of the actual pain experience (e.g. Borsook et al 2010), cur ...
Fut u re N
... synaptic strengthening and the complications of this strengthening. In this framework, pathogenesis arises from an initial breakdown in the ability of the brain to perform novel encoding in the absence of retrieval of existing memories – an imbalance in the separation of encoding dynamics from retri ...
... synaptic strengthening and the complications of this strengthening. In this framework, pathogenesis arises from an initial breakdown in the ability of the brain to perform novel encoding in the absence of retrieval of existing memories – an imbalance in the separation of encoding dynamics from retri ...