48x36 Poster Template
... My topic is neuronal primary cilia and the role they play in neuro-degeneration. Even though cilia were discovered over 100 years ago, many scientists to this day do not know the function of primary cilia. My research question is: What role do neuronal primary cilia have in the neuro-degeneration in ...
... My topic is neuronal primary cilia and the role they play in neuro-degeneration. Even though cilia were discovered over 100 years ago, many scientists to this day do not know the function of primary cilia. My research question is: What role do neuronal primary cilia have in the neuro-degeneration in ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... The number of fibers in a motor unit varies according to function. Muscles that contribute to fine movements, like those acting on the eye or the fingers, usually have a small number of muscle fibers per motor unit. Example: a motor unit in the ocular muscles (of the eye) may have a membership of 3 ...
... The number of fibers in a motor unit varies according to function. Muscles that contribute to fine movements, like those acting on the eye or the fingers, usually have a small number of muscle fibers per motor unit. Example: a motor unit in the ocular muscles (of the eye) may have a membership of 3 ...
Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase-like
... Neurons in the antennal lobe We followed SOD-ir in the lateral (LC) and the medial cell group (MC; defined by Homberg et al., 1988) in the antennal lobe. The neurons with somata in these two groups together with the olfactory receptor neurons are the principal neurons organizing the glomeruli. These ...
... Neurons in the antennal lobe We followed SOD-ir in the lateral (LC) and the medial cell group (MC; defined by Homberg et al., 1988) in the antennal lobe. The neurons with somata in these two groups together with the olfactory receptor neurons are the principal neurons organizing the glomeruli. These ...
Possible Mechanism Underlying
... similar to acute effects of drug itself (30,31). Another theory suggests that drug-opposite or opponent processes induce drug seeking by producing a hypofunctional state of reward pathways which leads to dysphoria or anxiety during withdrawal (32). Yin and Yang theory may explain these seemingly op ...
... similar to acute effects of drug itself (30,31). Another theory suggests that drug-opposite or opponent processes induce drug seeking by producing a hypofunctional state of reward pathways which leads to dysphoria or anxiety during withdrawal (32). Yin and Yang theory may explain these seemingly op ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p., with supplemental doses administrated via a lateral tail vein) and mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus (Narishige). Body temperature was maintained at 36 –37°C with a homeothermic blanket system (Harvard Apparatus). DA neurons were identified a ...
... were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p., with supplemental doses administrated via a lateral tail vein) and mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus (Narishige). Body temperature was maintained at 36 –37°C with a homeothermic blanket system (Harvard Apparatus). DA neurons were identified a ...
... preferentially to lateral prefrontal areas while its rostrally adjacent sectors projected to medial and orbitofrontal cortices. The diagonal band nuclei projected to orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas. Cortical and subcortical structures that are interconnected appear to have a similar patter ...
Ionic Mechanism of the Slow Afterdepolarization Induced by
... 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We previously have shown that cholinergic stimulation of layer V pyramidal neurons of the rat prefrontal cortex results in a depolarization and the appearance of a slow afterdepolarization (sADP) ...
... 1998. The mammalian prefrontal cortex receives a dense cholinergic innervation from subcortical regions. We previously have shown that cholinergic stimulation of layer V pyramidal neurons of the rat prefrontal cortex results in a depolarization and the appearance of a slow afterdepolarization (sADP) ...
The Science of Psychology
... • Medulla - the first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for lifesustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate. • Pons - the larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom a ...
... • Medulla - the first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain, which is responsible for lifesustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate. • Pons - the larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom a ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... receptor-mediated synaptic inputs upon spike timing. The intensity and duration of the stimuli used for evoking EPSPs and I PSPs is described above and was used because it gave rise to synaptic potentials that were of comparable amplitude to those observed in vivo (;1–5 mV). Brief somatic current in ...
... receptor-mediated synaptic inputs upon spike timing. The intensity and duration of the stimuli used for evoking EPSPs and I PSPs is described above and was used because it gave rise to synaptic potentials that were of comparable amplitude to those observed in vivo (;1–5 mV). Brief somatic current in ...
PSNS 2nd Lecture 1433 - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... Eventually (and usually very rapidly), all of the ACh released will diffuse within range of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) molecule AChE very efficiently splits ACh into choline and acetate, neither of which has significant transmitter effect, and thereby terminates the action of the transmitter ...
... Eventually (and usually very rapidly), all of the ACh released will diffuse within range of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) molecule AChE very efficiently splits ACh into choline and acetate, neither of which has significant transmitter effect, and thereby terminates the action of the transmitter ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... It is clear there are signals in the frontal eye field that could drive saccadic eye movements and neural pathways by which these signals could reach brain stem oculomotor centers. However, to understand how the cerebral cortex controls a specific behavior, it is not sufficient to know the types of ...
... It is clear there are signals in the frontal eye field that could drive saccadic eye movements and neural pathways by which these signals could reach brain stem oculomotor centers. However, to understand how the cerebral cortex controls a specific behavior, it is not sufficient to know the types of ...
Neurons - Images
... A particular neuron of a pool may receive excitatory or inhibitory stimulation; if the net effect is excitatory but sub-threshold, the neuron becomes more excitable to incoming stimulation (a condition called facilitation). ...
... A particular neuron of a pool may receive excitatory or inhibitory stimulation; if the net effect is excitatory but sub-threshold, the neuron becomes more excitable to incoming stimulation (a condition called facilitation). ...
The Dorsal Visual System Predicts Future and Remembers Past Eye
... Sommer, 2012). In addition, future eye-position signals could be used to suppress the activity of (subsets of) visual neurons during the saccade (a potential neural correlate of saccadic suppression (Ibbotson and Krekelberg, 2011), while boosting the activity of neurons that will process visual info ...
... Sommer, 2012). In addition, future eye-position signals could be used to suppress the activity of (subsets of) visual neurons during the saccade (a potential neural correlate of saccadic suppression (Ibbotson and Krekelberg, 2011), while boosting the activity of neurons that will process visual info ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
... In cats, SII cortex receives direct projections from the ventrobasal complex (Spreafico et al., 1981; Burton and Kopf, 1984). We recorded neurons in SII cortex instead of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex because receptive fields in SII cortex are larger, and this increased the probability of encoun ...
Rnd family genes are differentially regulated by 3,4 - HAL
... striatum of the saline and treated groups indicating that the modulation observed here was not persistent (data not shown). Over-expression of Rnd proteins causes disruption of actomyosin contractile fibers and cell rounding (review in (Chardin, 2003). In neurons it has become largely accepted that ...
... striatum of the saline and treated groups indicating that the modulation observed here was not persistent (data not shown). Over-expression of Rnd proteins causes disruption of actomyosin contractile fibers and cell rounding (review in (Chardin, 2003). In neurons it has become largely accepted that ...
File - Groby Bio Page
... opposing muscle group is simultaneously stimulated In a knee-jerk reflex the quadriceps contract to extend the knee while the hamstrings are inhibited in a slightly delayed response (they do not flex) ...
... opposing muscle group is simultaneously stimulated In a knee-jerk reflex the quadriceps contract to extend the knee while the hamstrings are inhibited in a slightly delayed response (they do not flex) ...
Anterograde Tracing of Trigeminal Afferent Pathways
... Tooth pulp inoculations. Each mouse was deeply anesthetized and the free gingiva was removed from the left mandibular incisor. The erupted part of the incisor was then removed just coronal to the gingival attachment using a cutting burr on a high-speed dental handpiece. Any gingival bleeding encount ...
... Tooth pulp inoculations. Each mouse was deeply anesthetized and the free gingiva was removed from the left mandibular incisor. The erupted part of the incisor was then removed just coronal to the gingival attachment using a cutting burr on a high-speed dental handpiece. Any gingival bleeding encount ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... result of excitatory LHb efferents activating GABAergic interneurons in the ventral midbrain, which in turn inhibit DA cells (Ji & Shepard 2007). Conversely, habenular lesions result in increased dopaminergic transmission (Lisoprawski et al. 1980; Nishikawa et al. 1986), suggesting that habenular ef ...
... result of excitatory LHb efferents activating GABAergic interneurons in the ventral midbrain, which in turn inhibit DA cells (Ji & Shepard 2007). Conversely, habenular lesions result in increased dopaminergic transmission (Lisoprawski et al. 1980; Nishikawa et al. 1986), suggesting that habenular ef ...
Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of
... Polypocephalus sp. within the ganglia might be extremely specific, for two reasons. First, being closer to the functionally important area of the nervous system would allow a greater probability of manipulation (i.e., ‘‘access to the control panel’’), particularly if the mechanism of manipulation in ...
... Polypocephalus sp. within the ganglia might be extremely specific, for two reasons. First, being closer to the functionally important area of the nervous system would allow a greater probability of manipulation (i.e., ‘‘access to the control panel’’), particularly if the mechanism of manipulation in ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... ATP13A2 mutations in order to confirm dopaminergic neuronal loss. To directly explore the impact of ATP13A2 loss-of-function on the viability and integrity of dopaminergic neurons, we employed mir-30adapted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs to silence the expression of endogenous ATP13A2. To vali ...
... ATP13A2 mutations in order to confirm dopaminergic neuronal loss. To directly explore the impact of ATP13A2 loss-of-function on the viability and integrity of dopaminergic neurons, we employed mir-30adapted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs to silence the expression of endogenous ATP13A2. To vali ...
Nervous system
... aggregations are called ganglia . Within the CNS they are called nuclei ( but they are not be confused with cellular nuclei ) . Each nucleus in the brain consists of many cell bodies , each having its own cellular nuclei . Nerve cells is one of the excitable cells because of its ability to generat ...
... aggregations are called ganglia . Within the CNS they are called nuclei ( but they are not be confused with cellular nuclei ) . Each nucleus in the brain consists of many cell bodies , each having its own cellular nuclei . Nerve cells is one of the excitable cells because of its ability to generat ...
lateral horns of gray matter
... Pia mater: innermost, transparent layer; adheres to the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord; contains blood vessels; beyond the spinal cord, forms a slender filament called filum terminale Several spaces exist between and around the ...
... Pia mater: innermost, transparent layer; adheres to the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord; contains blood vessels; beyond the spinal cord, forms a slender filament called filum terminale Several spaces exist between and around the ...
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... receptive Welds to decrease by more than 20%. Pairing NB stimulation with sounds that are modulated and vary in their carrier frequency results in intermediate receptive Weld plasticity (35% increase in bandwidth). These results suggest that release of acetylcholine marks certain sounds as behaviora ...
... receptive Welds to decrease by more than 20%. Pairing NB stimulation with sounds that are modulated and vary in their carrier frequency results in intermediate receptive Weld plasticity (35% increase in bandwidth). These results suggest that release of acetylcholine marks certain sounds as behaviora ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.