Neurotransmission Notes
... When an action potential (AP) reaches the synaptic terminal, the neuron releases chemicals call neurotransmitters (NT’s), into the synapse. They diffuse across and bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, stimulating the dendrite (and maybe causing an action potential if it hits threshold). Th ...
... When an action potential (AP) reaches the synaptic terminal, the neuron releases chemicals call neurotransmitters (NT’s), into the synapse. They diffuse across and bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, stimulating the dendrite (and maybe causing an action potential if it hits threshold). Th ...
Chapter 4
... c) Second-order conditioning cannot adequately be explained using the substitution theory d) Empirical findings contradict one of the theory’s central tenets ...
... c) Second-order conditioning cannot adequately be explained using the substitution theory d) Empirical findings contradict one of the theory’s central tenets ...
Slide 1
... circuit consists of a population of excitatory neurons (E) that recurrently excite one another, and a population of inhibitory neurons (I) that recurrently inhibit one another (red/pink synapses are excitatory, black/grey synapses are inhibitory). The excitatory cells excite the inhibitory neurons, ...
... circuit consists of a population of excitatory neurons (E) that recurrently excite one another, and a population of inhibitory neurons (I) that recurrently inhibit one another (red/pink synapses are excitatory, black/grey synapses are inhibitory). The excitatory cells excite the inhibitory neurons, ...
lecture 14
... The way we talk about Pavlovian conditioning is very ‘cognitive’ we say that animals form mental representations of the relationships among stimuli animal has a representation of the CS that gets associated with some representation of the US when we present a CS, it calls up a representation ...
... The way we talk about Pavlovian conditioning is very ‘cognitive’ we say that animals form mental representations of the relationships among stimuli animal has a representation of the CS that gets associated with some representation of the US when we present a CS, it calls up a representation ...
Psych 101
... A dog will naturally sneeze after being tapped on the nose. For a short period, the dog is shocked (lightly) prior to being tapped on the nose and prior to them sneezing. After training, the dog will sneeze after being shocked. What is the unconditioned stimulus here? What is the conditioned respons ...
... A dog will naturally sneeze after being tapped on the nose. For a short period, the dog is shocked (lightly) prior to being tapped on the nose and prior to them sneezing. After training, the dog will sneeze after being shocked. What is the unconditioned stimulus here? What is the conditioned respons ...
The Learning Approach
... 2. Variable-ratio schedules occur when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. 3. Fixed-interval schedules the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed 4. Variable-interval schedules occur when a response is rewarded after an unpredict ...
... 2. Variable-ratio schedules occur when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. 3. Fixed-interval schedules the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed 4. Variable-interval schedules occur when a response is rewarded after an unpredict ...
Learning
... Correlation with aggression or modeling aggression May result in fear, anger, learned helplessness Does not indicate what desired behavior is; more effective when combined with reinforcement (handout) ...
... Correlation with aggression or modeling aggression May result in fear, anger, learned helplessness Does not indicate what desired behavior is; more effective when combined with reinforcement (handout) ...
Learning - WordPress.com
... Partial schedule ◦ Positive reinforcement only intermittently (not all the time) ◦ Responses are more stable and last longer once they are learned ◦ Behaviours are established more slowly but are more persistent (“continual”) because cannot predict when the next reinforcement will occur so have lear ...
... Partial schedule ◦ Positive reinforcement only intermittently (not all the time) ◦ Responses are more stable and last longer once they are learned ◦ Behaviours are established more slowly but are more persistent (“continual”) because cannot predict when the next reinforcement will occur so have lear ...
Module 23 Classical Conditioning Module Preview Learning helps
... their environment. Pavlov also demonstrated that significant psychological phenomena can be studied objectively. Finally, Pavlov taught us that conditioning principles have important applications, such as how to treat fear. Classical conditioning principles provide important insights into drug abuse ...
... their environment. Pavlov also demonstrated that significant psychological phenomena can be studied objectively. Finally, Pavlov taught us that conditioning principles have important applications, such as how to treat fear. Classical conditioning principles provide important insights into drug abuse ...
AP PSYCHOLOGY Review for the AP Exam Chapter 5-
... particular stimulus *usually defined as the stimulus needed for detection 50% of the time Difference Threshold *minimum difference between two stimuli that a subject can detect 50% of the time *just noticeable difference (JND) *increases with magnitude ...
... particular stimulus *usually defined as the stimulus needed for detection 50% of the time Difference Threshold *minimum difference between two stimuli that a subject can detect 50% of the time *just noticeable difference (JND) *increases with magnitude ...
Behaviorist Theory
... Behaviorism is connected with thinking, feeling, and knowing. It is a systematic approach to the understanding of human and animal behavior. That all behavior are produced by a response to certain stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's ...
... Behaviorism is connected with thinking, feeling, and knowing. It is a systematic approach to the understanding of human and animal behavior. That all behavior are produced by a response to certain stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... 1. Fixed-ratio schedule – reinforcement depends on a specific quantity of responses, such as rewarding every fourth response 2. Variable-ratio schedule – requires that an average number of responses be made for each reinforcement 3. Fixed-interval schedule – reinforcement is available after a predet ...
... 1. Fixed-ratio schedule – reinforcement depends on a specific quantity of responses, such as rewarding every fourth response 2. Variable-ratio schedule – requires that an average number of responses be made for each reinforcement 3. Fixed-interval schedule – reinforcement is available after a predet ...
Chapter 51 Behavioral Ecology
... Why study animal behavior? Understand • Human nervous system. • Child development. • Human communication. • Natural selection. ...
... Why study animal behavior? Understand • Human nervous system. • Child development. • Human communication. • Natural selection. ...
File
... Operant or Classical? (Bonus: Find a related term) 1. Jake is training his dog to sit on command. Jake gives his dog a treat every time the dog sits. 2. Students in Mr. Winn’s Class receive a gold star each time they answer a question correctly After a student receives 10 gold stars he/she earns a ...
... Operant or Classical? (Bonus: Find a related term) 1. Jake is training his dog to sit on command. Jake gives his dog a treat every time the dog sits. 2. Students in Mr. Winn’s Class receive a gold star each time they answer a question correctly After a student receives 10 gold stars he/she earns a ...
Word
... do particular tasks? What happens when older bees are added to a colony? What affect does this have on young bee behavior? Know what happened in the cross fostering and spatial learning experiments. What is imprinting? What is the difference between filial and sexual imprinting? What is the sensitiv ...
... do particular tasks? What happens when older bees are added to a colony? What affect does this have on young bee behavior? Know what happened in the cross fostering and spatial learning experiments. What is imprinting? What is the difference between filial and sexual imprinting? What is the sensitiv ...
1 - Sur Lab
... and control via stimulator (left) and live image (right). (B) The system can be interchangeably interfaced to commercial arrays from different vendors, such as MCS (left, with blowup) and MED (right) to enable multi-site stimulation. (C) Chip placed on stage. (D) Stimulator box – or circuit diagram ...
... and control via stimulator (left) and live image (right). (B) The system can be interchangeably interfaced to commercial arrays from different vendors, such as MCS (left, with blowup) and MED (right) to enable multi-site stimulation. (C) Chip placed on stage. (D) Stimulator box – or circuit diagram ...
Learning How do we learn? Why do we learn? Basic Survival
... Partial Reinforcement: Reinforces a response only part of the time Though this results in slower acquisition in the beginning, it shows greater resistance to extinction later Generalization- Stimulus “sets the occasion” for the response Responding occurs to similar stimuli ...
... Partial Reinforcement: Reinforces a response only part of the time Though this results in slower acquisition in the beginning, it shows greater resistance to extinction later Generalization- Stimulus “sets the occasion” for the response Responding occurs to similar stimuli ...
Behaviorism - Kolten E
... • The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns. • Behavior is the response of an organism to stimuli • Behavior is objective and observable ...
... • The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns. • Behavior is the response of an organism to stimuli • Behavior is objective and observable ...
Dual Processes Mediate Discrimination and Generalization in Humans
... Within human learning, the distinction has often been made between what could be termed associative learning and rulegoverned learning. Dual process models of learning have theoretical and explanatory appeal and although the particulars vary substantially from one model to the next, they generally i ...
... Within human learning, the distinction has often been made between what could be termed associative learning and rulegoverned learning. Dual process models of learning have theoretical and explanatory appeal and although the particulars vary substantially from one model to the next, they generally i ...
Laboratory Exercise 12: Sensory Physiology
... impulses. A stimulus is a change in the environment. Those action potentials that reach a level of consciousness in the cerebral cortex are called sensations. Other action potentials that do not reach a level of consciousness go to spinal cord or sub-cortical areas of the brain. The different kinds ...
... impulses. A stimulus is a change in the environment. Those action potentials that reach a level of consciousness in the cerebral cortex are called sensations. Other action potentials that do not reach a level of consciousness go to spinal cord or sub-cortical areas of the brain. The different kinds ...
View Sample PDF - IRMA International
... learned to salivate at the sound of the bell, it will salivate at other similar sounds. Extinction: If you stop pairing the bell with the food, salivation will eventually cease in response to the bell. Spontaneous Recovery: Extinguished responses can be “recovered” after an elapsed time, but will so ...
... learned to salivate at the sound of the bell, it will salivate at other similar sounds. Extinction: If you stop pairing the bell with the food, salivation will eventually cease in response to the bell. Spontaneous Recovery: Extinguished responses can be “recovered” after an elapsed time, but will so ...
Small-N and Single
... Concepts: Absolute threshold (min. energy to detect) Difference threshold (min. energy to notice change) Methods (limits, constant stimuli, adjustment) are still in use Newer -- signal detection theory (SDT) separates our sensitivity to stimuli from individual criteria for saying ...
... Concepts: Absolute threshold (min. energy to detect) Difference threshold (min. energy to notice change) Methods (limits, constant stimuli, adjustment) are still in use Newer -- signal detection theory (SDT) separates our sensitivity to stimuli from individual criteria for saying ...