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Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion
Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion

... or older than 35 years (Gur et al., 2002). Based on previous adult (Critchley et al., 2000; Hariri et al., 2000; Gorno-Tempini et al., 2001) and developmental studies (Killgore et al., 2001; Monk et al., 2003; YurgelunTodd, 2007; Guyer et al., 2008; Hare et al., 2008) and on Nelson’s model (Nelson e ...
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to
Amygdala-Prefrontal Synchronization Underlies Resistance to

... ParS had a slightly slower learning rate (Figure 1E, but not significantly, p > 0.3, ANOVA), we observed similar expression levels in ParS and ConS during the plateau phase (Figure 1C, trials 4–30, p > 0.5, condition main effect, two-way ANOVA), and these were also similarly distributed across trial ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli

... the impact on network behavior of varying the strength of the inhibitory parameter Jei, which represented the strength of inhibition exerted by inhibitory neurons on their excitatory targets. As inhibition increased, the behavior of the network passed through three modes. At low inhibitory strength, ...
Rapid induction of false memory for pictures
Rapid induction of false memory for pictures

... participants to compare it directly to their memories of stimuli they had actually perceived, and to reject unstudied stimuli based on characteristics that appear novel. ...
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage

... know who was the governor of his state or the current mayor of his city. He recalled his address and home telephone number, but could not recall his work number. He was able to do simple tests of calculation, but could not recall the names of four objects that had been given 1 min before. His speech ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention

... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
From Neuro-Psychoanalysis to Cognitive and Affective Automation Systems
From Neuro-Psychoanalysis to Cognitive and Affective Automation Systems

... can act in highly dynamic, complex, and uncertain environments. Traditional, rule-based models mainly used in the field so far are not adaptive enough to meet these requirements, more flexible descriptions and solutions are necessary. The fields of artificial intelligence (AI) is vast and has alread ...
Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in
Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in

... (refresh trial). In each case, the second stimulus was presented for 1450 ms. The second stimulus was followed 550 ms later by a series of three arrows (each presented for 1400 ms followed by a 600-ms blank screen) and then a final blank screen (2000 ms). Whenever participants saw a word on the scree ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to

... activity of neurons in the hippocampal formation of the conscious monkey was recorded during presentation of various visual and auditory stimuli from several directions around the monkey. Of 1,047 neurons recorded, 106 (10.1%) responded to some stimuli from one or more directions. Of these 106 neuro ...
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen

... Vision is an active process involving a close interplay between sensory and oculomotor control systems in the brain. Although the existence of an active saccadic suppression mechanism and its putative extraretinal origin has been the subject of intense debate (Castet et al., 2001; Garcia-Perez and P ...
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for

... emotional experiences. Self-immersion has been described as focusing on concrete features of the experience leading to a reliving of the experience, which could be compared to taking a field perspective. Self-distancing on the other hand, might reflect more abstract processing and has been described ...
dbauer_thesis
dbauer_thesis

... Memory events are only guaranteed to be causally ordered Is there a method to achieve sequentially consistent shared memory in a loosely coordinated, distributed environment? ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R

... through a repeating cycle of study and test with enough time between trials to let the hemodynamic response from one trial return to baseline before the next trial. Figure 1 shows the procedures for the Paired and the Generated trials. Both conditions involved fourteen 2-s scans. Both conditions con ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical

... The fact that processing of consonant and dissonant musical chords recruits both the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex makes such stimuli relevant in addressing outstanding issues regarding the emotion cerebral network. A number of studies have reported on the latency of processing in the amygdala a ...
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span
Domain-general mechanisms of complex working memory span

... studies have required recall rather than recognition (Gilbert and Fiez, 2004; Osaka et al., 2004), very few studies have also included an analysis of neural activity during the recall period (cf. Chein and Fiez, 2001). This emphasis on recognition tasks, and on trial periods that precede retrieval, ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press

... endowed with a Mexican-hat architecture (Amari 1977; BenYishai et al. 1995), with local excitation between pyramidal cells with similar spatial preference and broad synaptic inhibition from c-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) cells. When the strength of recurrent excitatory synapses is sufficiently ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala

... stimuli that did not evoke arousal responses and may represent a “context” system for integrating the declarative context of emotionally significant stimuli (16, 19, 20). To date, schizophrenia deficits in the engagement of these limbic-prefrontal circuits have not been examined in relation to auton ...
Confabulation: Damage to a specific inferior medial prefrontal system
Confabulation: Damage to a specific inferior medial prefrontal system

... one point for a partially accurate or concrete interpretation, and zero for an inaccurate interpretation. ...
3 Pavlovian conditioning - s-f
3 Pavlovian conditioning - s-f

... A further kind of interaction between different conditioned stimuli is also consistent with the concept of a generally suppressive process. Suppose a metronome again normally signals food, but whenever a whistle is sounded along with the metronome, food is withheld. Accurate expectations would be ar ...
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP By Dr. Mohammad
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP By Dr. Mohammad

... • principal value of sleep is to restore natural balances among the neuronal centers. • The entrainment of biological processes to the light–dark cycle is regulated by the SCN. • The diurnal change in melatonin secretion from serotonin in the pineal gland functions as a timing signal to coordinate e ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex

... We also examined the effect of task demands on the neural representation of multiple images. Our first experiment showed that each of the two images in memory was represented with a certain strength, and that this strength was dependent on how long the image had been in memory; image strength decaye ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex

... or ventral stream, is crucial for the identification of objects, whereas the occipitoparietal pathway, or dorsal stream, is crucial for the appreciation of the spatial relations among objects as well as for the visual guidance of movements toward objects in space (Ungerleider & Mishkin 1982, Goodale ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons

... that were rewarded, and one (the S¡) that was associated with saline. To test a cell for responsiveness to novel stimuli, one novel image was inserted into the set. If the neuron responded to this novel image, then the main data collection task was run. The images in this task consisted of four of t ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the

... between a novel stimulus and a stimulus that has been seen only once before (i.e. ‘trial unique’ DNMS). The duration of the neuronal familiarity signal (i.e. observed following delays of up to 24 hours [34]) is consistent with the delay intervals at which animals with perirhinal lesions are typicall ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation

... mice in which we manipulated the function of CREB (adenosine 3´,5´-monophosphate response element–binding protein) in subsets of neurons. Changes in CREB function influenced the probability that individual lateral amygdala neurons were recruited into a fear memory trace. Our results suggest a compet ...
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Emotion and memory

Emotion can have a powerful impact on memory. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events.The activity of emotionally enhanced memory retention can be linked to human evolution; during early development, responsive behavior to environmental events would have progressed as a process of trial and error. Survival depended on behavioral patterns that were repeated or reinforced through life and death situations. Through evolution, this process of learning became genetically embedded in humans and all animal species in what is known as flight or fight instinct.Artificially inducing this instinct through traumatic physical or emotional stimuli essentially creates the same physiological condition that heightens memory retention by exciting neuro-chemical activity affecting areas of the brain responsible for encoding and recalling memory. This memory-enhancing effect of emotion has been demonstrated in a large number of laboratory studies, using stimuli ranging from words to pictures to narrated slide shows, as well as autobiographical memory studies. However, as described below, emotion does not always enhance memory.
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