Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... subthalamus). The hippocampal efferents to the medial diencephalon are regarded as vital for normal hippocampal activity and are, hence, seen as functional extensions of the hippocampus (Fig. 1). The principal thalamic targets in this system are the anterior thalamic nuclei. These nuclei receive dir ...
... subthalamus). The hippocampal efferents to the medial diencephalon are regarded as vital for normal hippocampal activity and are, hence, seen as functional extensions of the hippocampus (Fig. 1). The principal thalamic targets in this system are the anterior thalamic nuclei. These nuclei receive dir ...
File - Psychology@Phoenix P12
... formed memories. If Jarrod were to study physics this may interfere with the retrieval of the previously formed memory of specialist maths. Subjects which are more similar in nature such as physics and specialist maths will be more likely to interfere with each other than subjects which are quite di ...
... formed memories. If Jarrod were to study physics this may interfere with the retrieval of the previously formed memory of specialist maths. Subjects which are more similar in nature such as physics and specialist maths will be more likely to interfere with each other than subjects which are quite di ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... clearly highlights the limits of the reward-related information encoded by these neurons. Data from this study do not fit with our findings obtained in a Pavlovian-conditioned task in which TANs fail to encode information concerning the specific time at which a reward is expected [21]. One explanati ...
... clearly highlights the limits of the reward-related information encoded by these neurons. Data from this study do not fit with our findings obtained in a Pavlovian-conditioned task in which TANs fail to encode information concerning the specific time at which a reward is expected [21]. One explanati ...
The Roles of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Fear
... emotional reaction to an event releases stress hormones that in turn elicit emotional responses appropriate for the context or survival and is, therefore, more likely to be remembered for a longer time (McGaugh & Roozendaal, 2002; Phelps, 2004). Anyone who has returned to the neighborhood where they ...
... emotional reaction to an event releases stress hormones that in turn elicit emotional responses appropriate for the context or survival and is, therefore, more likely to be remembered for a longer time (McGaugh & Roozendaal, 2002; Phelps, 2004). Anyone who has returned to the neighborhood where they ...
Anxiolytic action on the behavioural inhibition system implies
... Eichenbaum case). This emphasis on processing as opposed to storage brings these recent theories very close to the updated version of our theory (see below). But they universally see the hippocampal formation as aiding the production of certain types of true memories; whereas, we see it as aiding th ...
... Eichenbaum case). This emphasis on processing as opposed to storage brings these recent theories very close to the updated version of our theory (see below). But they universally see the hippocampal formation as aiding the production of certain types of true memories; whereas, we see it as aiding th ...
(15 pages pdf)
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.031 2Division ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... Stimuli were color photographs of faces of different individuals (half female, half male). Each face was cropped using an elliptical mask to exclude hair (which distracts attention from the emotionally relevant features of the face, Tyler & Chen, 2006). The faces were then scaled to be the same size ...
... Stimuli were color photographs of faces of different individuals (half female, half male). Each face was cropped using an elliptical mask to exclude hair (which distracts attention from the emotionally relevant features of the face, Tyler & Chen, 2006). The faces were then scaled to be the same size ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... coding is that information should be translated without loss into an efficient representation where the responses of a few active neurons are rich in information content. Reducing the number of active neurons is metabolically economical, thus easing a major constraint on information processing in th ...
... coding is that information should be translated without loss into an efficient representation where the responses of a few active neurons are rich in information content. Reducing the number of active neurons is metabolically economical, thus easing a major constraint on information processing in th ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... Arguments about the existence of language-specific neural systems and particularly arguments about the independence of syntactic and semantic processing have recently focused on differences between the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by violations of syntactic structure (e.g. the P600) and ...
... Arguments about the existence of language-specific neural systems and particularly arguments about the independence of syntactic and semantic processing have recently focused on differences between the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by violations of syntactic structure (e.g. the P600) and ...
fulltext
... processes of fear memories are part of the etiology of these disorders. Memories are made stable and permanent through a process called consolidation that stretches on for hours after the initial encoding. Consolidation is dependent on protein synthesis in building the endurable structures of memori ...
... processes of fear memories are part of the etiology of these disorders. Memories are made stable and permanent through a process called consolidation that stretches on for hours after the initial encoding. Consolidation is dependent on protein synthesis in building the endurable structures of memori ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... system in visuospatial perception. We sought to construct positive images of these perceptual functions, defects which characterize so vividly primates with lesions of the parietal lobe system. We first give a new description of the receptive fields of PVNs. These receptive fields are dynamically ma ...
... system in visuospatial perception. We sought to construct positive images of these perceptual functions, defects which characterize so vividly primates with lesions of the parietal lobe system. We first give a new description of the receptive fields of PVNs. These receptive fields are dynamically ma ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons have reduced receptive field sizes in complex natural scenes. This facilitates the read-out of information about individual objects from IT, but raises the question of whether more than the single object present at the fovea is represented by the firing of IT ne ...
... Inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons have reduced receptive field sizes in complex natural scenes. This facilitates the read-out of information about individual objects from IT, but raises the question of whether more than the single object present at the fovea is represented by the firing of IT ne ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
Laminar Cortical Dynamics of Cognitive and Motor Working Memory
... anatomical knowledge. It formulates these predictions by integrating and explaining several types of data and theoretical constraints: behavioral and neuroimaging data about cognitive information processing in humans; behavioral and neurobiological data about sensory-motor storage and performance of ...
... anatomical knowledge. It formulates these predictions by integrating and explaining several types of data and theoretical constraints: behavioral and neuroimaging data about cognitive information processing in humans; behavioral and neurobiological data about sensory-motor storage and performance of ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... Abstract. Neurons in inferior temporal (IT) cortex exhibit selectivity for complex visual stimuli and can maintain activity during the delay following the presentation of a stimulus in delayed match to sample tasks. Experimental work in awake monkeys has shown that the responses of IT neurons declin ...
... Abstract. Neurons in inferior temporal (IT) cortex exhibit selectivity for complex visual stimuli and can maintain activity during the delay following the presentation of a stimulus in delayed match to sample tasks. Experimental work in awake monkeys has shown that the responses of IT neurons declin ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... stimuli were chosen because pilot data indicated that these two stimuli were difficult to identify as being different from each other, and the ability to learn to identify this novel distinction according to our previous training studies (Tremblay et al., 1997, ...
... stimuli were chosen because pilot data indicated that these two stimuli were difficult to identify as being different from each other, and the ability to learn to identify this novel distinction according to our previous training studies (Tremblay et al., 1997, ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... emotional expression. We review recent neurobiological data concerning the amygdala and the PFC and discuss how these data fit into a proposed framework for understanding interactions between emotion and cognition. The concept of a mental state plays a central role in our theoretical framework. We de ...
... emotional expression. We review recent neurobiological data concerning the amygdala and the PFC and discuss how these data fit into a proposed framework for understanding interactions between emotion and cognition. The concept of a mental state plays a central role in our theoretical framework. We de ...
Story Representation in Analogy
... formalizing common story elements such as conflict [7] and plot-points only represent the order in which the events can happen, but not their content. Frame-based representations are more flexible, but their past uses focus on the low levels, which makes it hard to find deeper analogies such as the ...
... formalizing common story elements such as conflict [7] and plot-points only represent the order in which the events can happen, but not their content. Frame-based representations are more flexible, but their past uses focus on the low levels, which makes it hard to find deeper analogies such as the ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... steady-state pitch percepts. FFRs were elicited in response to the four lexical tones of Mandarin Chinese as well as to a complex auditory stimulus which was spectrally different but equivalent in fundamental frequency (f0 ) contour to one of the Chinese tones. Autocorrelation-based pitch extraction ...
... steady-state pitch percepts. FFRs were elicited in response to the four lexical tones of Mandarin Chinese as well as to a complex auditory stimulus which was spectrally different but equivalent in fundamental frequency (f0 ) contour to one of the Chinese tones. Autocorrelation-based pitch extraction ...
Cues that hippocampal place cells encode
... to the stimuli, rotating in correspondence with the emphasized stimuli (O’Keefe and Conway, 1978; Muller and Kubie, 1987; O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987). By manipulating controlled cues in these simplified environments, much has been learned about which cues and spatial relations are employed in hippoc ...
... to the stimuli, rotating in correspondence with the emphasized stimuli (O’Keefe and Conway, 1978; Muller and Kubie, 1987; O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987). By manipulating controlled cues in these simplified environments, much has been learned about which cues and spatial relations are employed in hippoc ...
The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress
... of the event). Thirdly, there also has to be an avoidance of stimuli (avoiding memories or external reminders) that reminds individuals of the traumatic event. Fourth, there has to be negative changes in thoughts or moods that has one or more of the following: being unable to remember an important a ...
... of the event). Thirdly, there also has to be an avoidance of stimuli (avoiding memories or external reminders) that reminds individuals of the traumatic event. Fourth, there has to be negative changes in thoughts or moods that has one or more of the following: being unable to remember an important a ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... region CA3 and the Schaffer collaterals from CA3 to CA1) would undergo strong synaptic modification, but weak synaptic transmission. In contrast, retrieval dynamics would have weaker afferent input, with strong internal synaptic transmission, but weak synaptic modification. Previous research has not ...
... region CA3 and the Schaffer collaterals from CA3 to CA1) would undergo strong synaptic modification, but weak synaptic transmission. In contrast, retrieval dynamics would have weaker afferent input, with strong internal synaptic transmission, but weak synaptic modification. Previous research has not ...