THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... consistency over time (for example, always rewarding, recently more rewarding, usually rewarding but not as much recently, and so on). Given the diversity of these aspects of reward, it is perhaps not surprising that learning about reward engages multiple neural systems. ...
... consistency over time (for example, always rewarding, recently more rewarding, usually rewarding but not as much recently, and so on). Given the diversity of these aspects of reward, it is perhaps not surprising that learning about reward engages multiple neural systems. ...
the amygdala and reward
... consistency over time (for example, always rewarding, recently more rewarding, usually rewarding but not as much recently, and so on). Given the diversity of these aspects of reward, it is perhaps not surprising that learning about reward engages multiple neural systems. ...
... consistency over time (for example, always rewarding, recently more rewarding, usually rewarding but not as much recently, and so on). Given the diversity of these aspects of reward, it is perhaps not surprising that learning about reward engages multiple neural systems. ...
Physiology and neuroanatomy of sleep
... • Sleep is an ACTIVE process. It is a reversible state of unresponsiveness to stimuli of the outside world and to responses within the brain which underlie perception. • Sleep is a state of reversible un-conciousness in which the brain is relatively more responsive to internal than external stimuli ...
... • Sleep is an ACTIVE process. It is a reversible state of unresponsiveness to stimuli of the outside world and to responses within the brain which underlie perception. • Sleep is a state of reversible un-conciousness in which the brain is relatively more responsive to internal than external stimuli ...
Csercsa Richárd
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
... Sleep is a condition during which animals are resting and their responses to external sensory stimuli (sounds, touch, smell) and processing of the information these stimuli carry are altered compared to the waking state. Most of these stimuli don’t reach the conscious level, they fade in the neurona ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... session included 400 –1,000 correct trials depending on the isolation quality as monitored by the experimenter. Therefore in each recording session ⱖ8 trials were performed to each target in the timing-cue task and at least one trial was performed to each target in the memoryguided saccade task. ...
... session included 400 –1,000 correct trials depending on the isolation quality as monitored by the experimenter. Therefore in each recording session ⱖ8 trials were performed to each target in the timing-cue task and at least one trial was performed to each target in the memoryguided saccade task. ...
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
... of the behavioral freezing response [18], suggesting that the prelimbic cortex drives the expression of conditioned fear. The prelimbic cortex receives inputs from the LA [19] and projects to the basal nucleus of the amygdala (BA), which in turn projects to the CE. Following CS presentation, the pre ...
... of the behavioral freezing response [18], suggesting that the prelimbic cortex drives the expression of conditioned fear. The prelimbic cortex receives inputs from the LA [19] and projects to the basal nucleus of the amygdala (BA), which in turn projects to the CE. Following CS presentation, the pre ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... hand, "desire" is partly primary percept and partly secondary. It is evoked by inadequate pleasant stimuli, which signal the adequate ones. A small amount of food in the mouth and barely audible music are some examples. All these terms are used in their broad sense. Secondary stimuli often evoke ima ...
... hand, "desire" is partly primary percept and partly secondary. It is evoked by inadequate pleasant stimuli, which signal the adequate ones. A small amount of food in the mouth and barely audible music are some examples. All these terms are used in their broad sense. Secondary stimuli often evoke ima ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... behavioral contexts. In contrast to bottom-up processes, which are involuntary, top-down processes involve a voluntary selection mechanism that can be flexibly directed to different stimuli in the same visual scene depending on current behavioral demands. A key question raised by psychophysical stud ...
... behavioral contexts. In contrast to bottom-up processes, which are involuntary, top-down processes involve a voluntary selection mechanism that can be flexibly directed to different stimuli in the same visual scene depending on current behavioral demands. A key question raised by psychophysical stud ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... inferred from these data an ‘effort-related process’ that guides goal-directed attention, which they related to psychometric intelligence; however, this observation can also be interpreted as evidence for a role for the AIC and ACC in heightened awareness of the immediate moment. The third study32 u ...
... inferred from these data an ‘effort-related process’ that guides goal-directed attention, which they related to psychometric intelligence; however, this observation can also be interpreted as evidence for a role for the AIC and ACC in heightened awareness of the immediate moment. The third study32 u ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... involves discrete stimuli, two changes occur at the time of the deviant stimulus. The first change is the onset of the stimulus from the background which is usually quiet. This change occurs for the standard stimuli as well and is associated with an N1 response. The second change is the change in so ...
... involves discrete stimuli, two changes occur at the time of the deviant stimulus. The first change is the onset of the stimulus from the background which is usually quiet. This change occurs for the standard stimuli as well and is associated with an N1 response. The second change is the change in so ...
ex1
... soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe. a. parietal c. frontal b. occipital d. temporal ____ 29. Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes which of the following tools? a. Disc electrode c. Radioactive tracer b. Microelectrode d. Hemoglob ...
... soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe. a. parietal c. frontal b. occipital d. temporal ____ 29. Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes which of the following tools? a. Disc electrode c. Radioactive tracer b. Microelectrode d. Hemoglob ...
Changes in emotion after circumscribed surgical
... perception of facial or vocal emotion is suggested both by neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies with nonhuman primates. Direct projections to orbitofrontal/inferior convexity cortex from regions in the temporal lobe where faces and face expressions are represented have been demonstrated (R ...
... perception of facial or vocal emotion is suggested both by neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies with nonhuman primates. Direct projections to orbitofrontal/inferior convexity cortex from regions in the temporal lobe where faces and face expressions are represented have been demonstrated (R ...
NIH Public Access Emotional dysregulation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Author Manuscript
... In line with previous theorists, we define emotion regulation as an individual's ability to modify an emotional state so as to promote adaptive, goal-oriented behaviors (2). It encompasses the processes that allow the individual flexibly to select, attend to, and appraise emotionally arousing stimul ...
... In line with previous theorists, we define emotion regulation as an individual's ability to modify an emotional state so as to promote adaptive, goal-oriented behaviors (2). It encompasses the processes that allow the individual flexibly to select, attend to, and appraise emotionally arousing stimul ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... subliminal, surround, or nonclassical receptive fields) could contribute to ACx function in a variety of ways. For example, EPSPs that are subthreshold when evoked by pure tones could integrate, spatially and temporally, with other EPSPs elicited by spectrotemporally complex stimuli to elicit spikes ...
... subliminal, surround, or nonclassical receptive fields) could contribute to ACx function in a variety of ways. For example, EPSPs that are subthreshold when evoked by pure tones could integrate, spatially and temporally, with other EPSPs elicited by spectrotemporally complex stimuli to elicit spikes ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... memorize associations between pairs of visual stimuli. On each behavioral trial, subjects are initially presented with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue ( ...
... memorize associations between pairs of visual stimuli. On each behavioral trial, subjects are initially presented with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue ( ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... t h e genetically coded nervous pathway from the taste receptor, but also through pathways from other receptors: somesthetic, visual, auditory, which in untrained animals do not cause excitation in the center controlling the functians of the salivary gland. Based on that observation, Pavlov introdu ...
... t h e genetically coded nervous pathway from the taste receptor, but also through pathways from other receptors: somesthetic, visual, auditory, which in untrained animals do not cause excitation in the center controlling the functians of the salivary gland. Based on that observation, Pavlov introdu ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... object. Because more processing resources are devoted to behaviorally important objects than to less important ones, the important objects are more likely to become encoded into visual short-term memory (VSTM). The VSTM system is conceived as a (Kwinners-take-all) feedback mechanism that sustains ac ...
... object. Because more processing resources are devoted to behaviorally important objects than to less important ones, the important objects are more likely to become encoded into visual short-term memory (VSTM). The VSTM system is conceived as a (Kwinners-take-all) feedback mechanism that sustains ac ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... experienced as stressful. To start with an everyday example, a stressful situation that I remember particularly well was my driving test. Although this is now almost ten years ago, I still vividly remember my heart beating fast, my sweaty hands clung to the driving wheel, my general feeling of stron ...
... experienced as stressful. To start with an everyday example, a stressful situation that I remember particularly well was my driving test. Although this is now almost ten years ago, I still vividly remember my heart beating fast, my sweaty hands clung to the driving wheel, my general feeling of stron ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
... According to the OSH, larger adaptation effects should be found for inverted than upright adaptors regardless of the category. Thus, in response to S2, a decreased activation should be found for inverted compared to upright adaptors, for each adaptor category tested: houses, mouths, eyes, faces, eye ...
Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the
... task. Participants were first introduced to a same-sex confederate. Participants and the ...
... task. Participants were first introduced to a same-sex confederate. Participants and the ...
Cannabis and cognition: short- and long
... mounted in the scientific literature for a range of harms associated with the use of cannabis, including the development of dependence and health-related harms (see also Hall and Solowij, 1998; Hall and Degenhardt, 2009). As the overall theme of this book indicates, an association between cannabis u ...
... mounted in the scientific literature for a range of harms associated with the use of cannabis, including the development of dependence and health-related harms (see also Hall and Solowij, 1998; Hall and Degenhardt, 2009). As the overall theme of this book indicates, an association between cannabis u ...
Low Quality
... energy doesn’t add up. Scientists are skeptical that saving energy is the only (or even the main) reason that sleep has evolved, as described in the article “The why of sleep.” Extreme fatigue is the closest humans ever come to sleep while still aware enough to ponder its mysteries. At those times, ...
... energy doesn’t add up. Scientists are skeptical that saving energy is the only (or even the main) reason that sleep has evolved, as described in the article “The why of sleep.” Extreme fatigue is the closest humans ever come to sleep while still aware enough to ponder its mysteries. At those times, ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...