Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
... in multiple categories of emotions [12], and during many other sensory, perceptual and cognitive events [11,13]. Thus, activation of these regions is not specific to one emotion category or even emotion more generally. And, while there are many findings that seem to differentiate ...
... in multiple categories of emotions [12], and during many other sensory, perceptual and cognitive events [11,13]. Thus, activation of these regions is not specific to one emotion category or even emotion more generally. And, while there are many findings that seem to differentiate ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... Neuroscience. (D) NMDA receptors also contribute to rate control in the active state. This is accomplished by means of the saturation properties of NMDA receptors as illustrated here. Upper panels show the input– output relationships (convex lines) for a neuron with asynchronous synaptic inputs of v ...
... Neuroscience. (D) NMDA receptors also contribute to rate control in the active state. This is accomplished by means of the saturation properties of NMDA receptors as illustrated here. Upper panels show the input– output relationships (convex lines) for a neuron with asynchronous synaptic inputs of v ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... 1996). This associative function (Rolls and Treves, 1998) implies a representation of primary reinforcers such as the taste of food, and indeed taste neurons have been described in the amygdala (Sanghera et al., 1979; Nishijo et al., 1988a,b; Scott et al., 1993; Yan and Scott, 1996) and taste respon ...
... 1996). This associative function (Rolls and Treves, 1998) implies a representation of primary reinforcers such as the taste of food, and indeed taste neurons have been described in the amygdala (Sanghera et al., 1979; Nishijo et al., 1988a,b; Scott et al., 1993; Yan and Scott, 1996) and taste respon ...
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... skilled players. Therefore, less skilled players encode chessboards less effectively than more skilled players do, encoding fewer and smaller patterns (see, e.g., Gobet and Simon, 1996a,b). The pattern recognition account of normal/random chessboard recall is virtually unchallenged in the expertise ...
... skilled players. Therefore, less skilled players encode chessboards less effectively than more skilled players do, encoding fewer and smaller patterns (see, e.g., Gobet and Simon, 1996a,b). The pattern recognition account of normal/random chessboard recall is virtually unchallenged in the expertise ...
2906_lect8
... information is first processed There are two olfactory bulbs, one in each brain hemisphere, corresponding to the left and right nostrils. Connections are ipsilateral (same side of body) ...
... information is first processed There are two olfactory bulbs, one in each brain hemisphere, corresponding to the left and right nostrils. Connections are ipsilateral (same side of body) ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... running to safety. Cellular mechanisms The amygdala is a relatively ‘silent’ area of the brain. It contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these ...
... running to safety. Cellular mechanisms The amygdala is a relatively ‘silent’ area of the brain. It contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... restraint system of Nishijo and Norgren (1990, 1991), modified from a method described by Ono et al. (1985), was used. The rat was anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and then mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus with its skull level between the bregma and lambda suture points. The cra ...
... restraint system of Nishijo and Norgren (1990, 1991), modified from a method described by Ono et al. (1985), was used. The rat was anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and then mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus with its skull level between the bregma and lambda suture points. The cra ...
The relation of emotions to placebo responses
... morphine from health personnel. In both instances, effective treatment is administered, and at the same time an expectation is generated that the pain will be reduced [1]. Experimental studies have shown that administration of inactive treatment, e.g. sugar pills, inactive cream, inactive devices an ...
... morphine from health personnel. In both instances, effective treatment is administered, and at the same time an expectation is generated that the pain will be reduced [1]. Experimental studies have shown that administration of inactive treatment, e.g. sugar pills, inactive cream, inactive devices an ...
The relation of emotions to placebo responses
... morphine from health personnel. In both instances, effective treatment is administered, and at the same time an expectation is generated that the pain will be reduced [1]. Experimental studies have shown that administration of inactive treatment, e.g. sugar pills, inactive cream, inactive devices an ...
... morphine from health personnel. In both instances, effective treatment is administered, and at the same time an expectation is generated that the pain will be reduced [1]. Experimental studies have shown that administration of inactive treatment, e.g. sugar pills, inactive cream, inactive devices an ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... hemifields did not influence each other within occipital visual cortex in that study, interacting only at the higher level of parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefor ...
... hemifields did not influence each other within occipital visual cortex in that study, interacting only at the higher level of parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefor ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... the adapter and test stimuli always matched in size. In anesthetized animals, we measured direction tuning curves before and after adaptation with 16 equally spaced directions (22.5deg increments) in V1, and 12 (30-deg increments) in MT. In the brief (0.4 s) adaptation paradigm, control (preadaptati ...
... the adapter and test stimuli always matched in size. In anesthetized animals, we measured direction tuning curves before and after adaptation with 16 equally spaced directions (22.5deg increments) in V1, and 12 (30-deg increments) in MT. In the brief (0.4 s) adaptation paradigm, control (preadaptati ...
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... in which the amygdala merely represents the motivational significance of a stimulus in a valencenonspecific and spatial-nonspecific manner cannot explain these data due to the spatial dependence of these correlations. If an amygdala neuron merely represents motivational significance then correlation ...
... in which the amygdala merely represents the motivational significance of a stimulus in a valencenonspecific and spatial-nonspecific manner cannot explain these data due to the spatial dependence of these correlations. If an amygdala neuron merely represents motivational significance then correlation ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... behavior. The attentional system was central to his models of normal and abnormal brain function. Approaching attention from a combination of perspectives including cognitive processing (Cohen & O’Donnell, 1993c), Luria proposed two attentional systems — reflexive and nonreflexive. The reflexive sys ...
... behavior. The attentional system was central to his models of normal and abnormal brain function. Approaching attention from a combination of perspectives including cognitive processing (Cohen & O’Donnell, 1993c), Luria proposed two attentional systems — reflexive and nonreflexive. The reflexive sys ...
Establishing and Testing Conditioned Reinforcers
... schedules, chain schedules, concurrent chains, observing responses, and delay-ofreinforcement. Each of these procedures produces some degree of success in the establishment of conditioned reinforcers with non-human subjects. For example, in chainschedules, a primary reinforcer is delivered at the en ...
... schedules, chain schedules, concurrent chains, observing responses, and delay-ofreinforcement. Each of these procedures produces some degree of success in the establishment of conditioned reinforcers with non-human subjects. For example, in chainschedules, a primary reinforcer is delivered at the en ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... Cholinergic agonists such as carbachol have been shown to enhance long-term potentiation within the dentate gyrus [65], region CA1 [66] and other cortical structures such as the piriform cortex [67], primary visual cortex [68], and somatosensory cortex [69]. Scopolamine may selectively impair learni ...
... Cholinergic agonists such as carbachol have been shown to enhance long-term potentiation within the dentate gyrus [65], region CA1 [66] and other cortical structures such as the piriform cortex [67], primary visual cortex [68], and somatosensory cortex [69]. Scopolamine may selectively impair learni ...
Reading Words in Discourse: The Modulation of - UNC
... difficult to study. In addition to the many levels at which language is structured, language processing is very fast: The different levels of information are integrated online within a very short period of time. During conversational speech, we produce or comprehend 150 to 200 words per minute. Adul ...
... difficult to study. In addition to the many levels at which language is structured, language processing is very fast: The different levels of information are integrated online within a very short period of time. During conversational speech, we produce or comprehend 150 to 200 words per minute. Adul ...
Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
... underlying emotional associative learning is Pavlovian conditioning. During a typical Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a tone (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) acquires emotional significance through pairing with an aversive stimulus, such as a footshock ( ...
... underlying emotional associative learning is Pavlovian conditioning. During a typical Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, a previously neutral stimulus, such as a tone (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) acquires emotional significance through pairing with an aversive stimulus, such as a footshock ( ...
Program - Albion
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... The simulated looming stimulus used in the present study consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and ...
... The simulated looming stimulus used in the present study consisted of a 5·cm black square, which approached over a distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and ...
Negative mood-induction modulates default mode network resting
... individuals with remitted depression and healthy controls. The authors found that individuals with remitted depression showed greater connectivity between the PCC and parahippocampal gyri following the sad mood induction compared to healthy controls [11]. Whereas these previous studies reveal import ...
... individuals with remitted depression and healthy controls. The authors found that individuals with remitted depression showed greater connectivity between the PCC and parahippocampal gyri following the sad mood induction compared to healthy controls [11]. Whereas these previous studies reveal import ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... of the right eye and the lateral rectus of the left eye. It is assumed that the OPNs synchronize the activity of the IBNs and EBNs before the saccade starts and it is important for the velocity of the of the saccade that the lateral and medial rectus of the left and right eyes, respectively, are in ...
... of the right eye and the lateral rectus of the left eye. It is assumed that the OPNs synchronize the activity of the IBNs and EBNs before the saccade starts and it is important for the velocity of the of the saccade that the lateral and medial rectus of the left and right eyes, respectively, are in ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... Single-unit recording studies in the monkey have provided detailed, quantitative descriptions of how attention alters visual cortical neuron responses. When attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respon ...
... Single-unit recording studies in the monkey have provided detailed, quantitative descriptions of how attention alters visual cortical neuron responses. When attention is directed to a location inside the receptive field (RF), the neuron’s contrast-response threshold is reduced, enabling it to respon ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... These functions enabled him to perform normally in many tasks including his avid crossword puzzle hobby (Skotko et al. 2008). Cases such as H.M. were remarkable on many fronts. Most importantly, they demonstrated that memory indeed had a circumscribed anatomic basis in the MTL (cf. Lashley 1929).1 I ...
... These functions enabled him to perform normally in many tasks including his avid crossword puzzle hobby (Skotko et al. 2008). Cases such as H.M. were remarkable on many fronts. Most importantly, they demonstrated that memory indeed had a circumscribed anatomic basis in the MTL (cf. Lashley 1929).1 I ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... are natural correlates of one another as they both represent the parameter of intensity for their respective sensory modalities. Past studies have demonstrated that typical individuals tend to match brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds. The current study utilized a ...
... are natural correlates of one another as they both represent the parameter of intensity for their respective sensory modalities. Past studies have demonstrated that typical individuals tend to match brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds. The current study utilized a ...