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Motivation
Motivation

... deeds causes us to feel good which increases happiness/ when we feel happy, more likely to ...
Exam 2 (pdf - 155.21kb)
Exam 2 (pdf - 155.21kb)

... It is 10.00 pm the night before a morning examination. You have studied well. The best thing to do now is to A. study a similar topic. B. study a very different topic. C. watch a movie. D. sleep all night. Question 19 Which of the following is not an explanation for forgetting material? A. inability ...
PSY105 Neural Networks 2/5
PSY105 Neural Networks 2/5

... • A Hebb Rule for weight change between two neurons is: – Δ weight = activity 1 x activity 2 x learning rate constant ...
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Autobiographical
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Autobiographical

... emotional intensity may be made only about a fully formed memory, as emotion is an emergent property of that memory. This argument would follow from appraisal views of emotion (Lazarus 1991), if emotional intensity were not an inherent part of the memory but a judgment made on a memory after it was ...
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing
CHAPTER6 - Blackwell Publishing

... that we cannot get in research derived from language-based understanding. Just as it is a mistake to rely too much on our Western European bias, it is important not to rely too much on language. One of the great things about the brain is that emotion and our theorizing and study of emotion are larg ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... Anatomy of anterograde amnesia – Damage to the hippocampus or to regions that supply its inputs and receive its outputs causes anterograde amnesia – The most important input to the hippocampal formation is the entorhinal cortex, which receives inputs from the limbic cortex either directly or via the ...
Anterograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia

... • Anatomy of anterograde amnesia – Damage to the hippocampus or to regions that supply its inputs and receive its outputs causes anterograde amnesia – The most important input to the hippocampal formation is the entorhinal cortex, which receives inputs from the limbic cortex either directly or via t ...
Aging, Neural Changes in
Aging, Neural Changes in

... ªcloudº or ªtableº on the word list?') where retrieval cues are provided. In general, older adults show improved performance on episodic memory tests when cues are provided during encoding or retrieval phases. The source memory decrement, and the benefit provided to older adults with cues, are proba ...
Document
Document

... unconscious and comatose. During deep sleep, all metabolic functions are significantly reduced; during TEM sleep, muscular activities ar inhibited while cerebral activity is similar to that seen in awake individuals. Sleep disorders result in abnormal reaction times, mood swings and behaviors. Awake ...
effect of glycyrrhiza glabra root extract on learning and memory in
effect of glycyrrhiza glabra root extract on learning and memory in

... hippocampus is a major component of the brain of humans and other mammals. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation. The central cholinergic pathways play a prominent role in learning and memory processes4. Memory is the ability of an indiv ...
Functional Neuroimaging and Episodic Memory
Functional Neuroimaging and Episodic Memory

... who failed in their efforts to recollect information, it was initially assumed that effort to recollect should result in hippocampal activity. However, the neuroimaging studies to date have generally found that effort was not the key factor in producing hippocampal activation. Rather, success in rec ...
Reduction III: Mechanistic Reduction
Reduction III: Mechanistic Reduction

... When a memory is recollected, it must be reconsolidated or it will be forgotten This phenomenon was discovered in the 1960s in the heyday of electroshock therapy Electroshock administered in conjunction with a second foot shock 6 or 24 hours after an initial one eradicated the learning associated wi ...
Working Memory and Older Adults
Working Memory and Older Adults

... involving passive reproduction of inFormation should be spared. For example, older adults should demonstrate little, if any, difficulty in looking up and dialing telephone numbers (Craik et aI., in press). Intact working memory is required when a person draws inferences in order to comprehend comple ...
Chapter 6: Summary and Discussion
Chapter 6: Summary and Discussion

... meaningful concepts of our surroundings and act towards our goals. All our actions are motivated by obtaining reward, be it on the short or longer term, in one form or the other. During this process, through repeated trials and errors, we refine our methods and become more effective in what we do. I ...


... pattern the biological NN directly. The GAs as well as the evolutionary computation techniques is based on principles of genetics. Basically, these GA methods solve optimization problems by a search process resulting in best (fittest) solutions (survivor). Among all the subbranches of AI, the NN and ...
Report Decoding Individual Episodic Memory Traces in the Human
Report Decoding Individual Episodic Memory Traces in the Human

... data, permitting prediction of mental states from local patterns of blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal across voxels [1, 2]. We previously demonstrated that it is possible to predict the position of individuals in a virtualreality environment from the pattern of activity across voxels in the ...
Activity 3 - Classical Conditioning
Activity 3 - Classical Conditioning

... o use of animals in experimental research ...
Stressed Memories - Journal of Neuroscience
Stressed Memories - Journal of Neuroscience

... Pictures. Three stimulus sets were created for picture encoding, two of which were used per participant. Each set consisted of 80 negative and 80 neutral pictures, supplemented with 41 null events (fixation). Pictures were selected from both a standard set of affective pictures [IAPS (Lang et al., 1 ...
Biopsychology of Memory
Biopsychology of Memory

... Implicit Memory(Procedural) • Memory not accessible as specific facts or data • Memory that is contained within learned skills or cognitive operations -“knowing how” • Expressed only in performance - motor skill learning - cognitive skill learning • Not impaired with medial temporal lobe damage ...
doc - physiologicalcomputing.org
doc - physiologicalcomputing.org

... The second system related to the ToM is the mirror neuron system (MNS), which coactivates actions, intention and emotions of both the self and others (Mahy et al., 2014; Molnar-Szakacs & Uddin, 2013; Spreng et al., 2013) and includes: inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, anterior insula, primary ...
THE EMOTIOGENIC BRAIN STRUCTURES IN CONDITIONING
THE EMOTIOGENIC BRAIN STRUCTURES IN CONDITIONING

... 2. What determines the i~nfluenceof emotiogenic structures on memory: the activation of the emotiogenic structures during the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus, or the brief residual process in these structures, or even long-term retention (perhaps, for life) of memory in the emotiogenic st ...
perspectives - CNS Classes
perspectives - CNS Classes

... supports the conclusion that the MTL structures that were removed in H.M. are crucial for long-term declarative memory (conscious recollection of facts and events), including the acquisition of new semantic knowledge7. Other studies indicate that H.M.’s short-term memory is intact and, therefore, no ...
PDF - ib psych notes
PDF - ib psych notes

... Evolution theory - Evolution - the passing of genes by those who best adapts to their environment. - Survival of the fittest. - Natural selection - the process where organism best adapts to their environment survive and produces offspring. - The selection of traits which are beneficial to survival a ...
Attitudes and Evaluation 1 Attitudes and Evaluation
Attitudes and Evaluation 1 Attitudes and Evaluation

... Attitudes and Evaluation 3 which it is related." Allport additionally suggested that the way to achieve dynamic, flexible attitudes that may include ambivalence, was by "reducing attitudes to small enough components." Following this line of thinking, by making representations of attitudes small eno ...
solomon_cb08_03
solomon_cb08_03

... • Conditioning results in learning. • Learned associations can generalize to other things, and why this is important to marketers. ...
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Emotion and memory

Emotion can have a powerful impact on memory. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events.The activity of emotionally enhanced memory retention can be linked to human evolution; during early development, responsive behavior to environmental events would have progressed as a process of trial and error. Survival depended on behavioral patterns that were repeated or reinforced through life and death situations. Through evolution, this process of learning became genetically embedded in humans and all animal species in what is known as flight or fight instinct.Artificially inducing this instinct through traumatic physical or emotional stimuli essentially creates the same physiological condition that heightens memory retention by exciting neuro-chemical activity affecting areas of the brain responsible for encoding and recalling memory. This memory-enhancing effect of emotion has been demonstrated in a large number of laboratory studies, using stimuli ranging from words to pictures to narrated slide shows, as well as autobiographical memory studies. However, as described below, emotion does not always enhance memory.
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