Arousal Systems
... • Most victims of encephalitis lethargica were very sleepy, spending 20 or more hours per day asleep, and awakening only briefly to eat. • When awakened, they could interact in a relatively unimpaired fashion with the examiner, but soon fell asleep if not continuously stimulated. • When they died, th ...
... • Most victims of encephalitis lethargica were very sleepy, spending 20 or more hours per day asleep, and awakening only briefly to eat. • When awakened, they could interact in a relatively unimpaired fashion with the examiner, but soon fell asleep if not continuously stimulated. • When they died, th ...
Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of
... order. In Letter-Number Sequencing (Wechsler, 1997a), the subject hears a sequence of alternating digits and letters and attempts to repeat the digits and letters from the sequence, beginning with the digits in numerical order, followed by the letters in alphabetical order. In Arithmetic (Wechsler, ...
... order. In Letter-Number Sequencing (Wechsler, 1997a), the subject hears a sequence of alternating digits and letters and attempts to repeat the digits and letters from the sequence, beginning with the digits in numerical order, followed by the letters in alphabetical order. In Arithmetic (Wechsler, ...
... sites of the multiple gene promoter region and enhances transcriptional activation of these genes (Kaczmarek, 1993; Morgan & Curran, 1991; Sheng & Greenberg, 1990; Struhl, 1991). An increase in c-fos proto-oncogene is one of the earliest transcriptional events to follow neuronal activation. In the l ...
Combining electroencephalographic activity and
... The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the central nervous system (CNS) are strictly interconnected through anatomical and functional links, and influence each other continuously [1–4]. As an example, cortical and subcortical brain areas including the amygdala, insular cortex and pregenual anterior ...
... The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the central nervous system (CNS) are strictly interconnected through anatomical and functional links, and influence each other continuously [1–4]. As an example, cortical and subcortical brain areas including the amygdala, insular cortex and pregenual anterior ...
Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain
... [19,25,26]. We must have the ability, therefore, to filter information, allowing access to memory or retaining in memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first example of neural correlates of executive control in a ...
... [19,25,26]. We must have the ability, therefore, to filter information, allowing access to memory or retaining in memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first example of neural correlates of executive control in a ...
Differential functional connectivity of rostral
... 1994), which measures AP, and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ; Watson et al., 1995a,b), which measures AR with the MASQ-AA subscale and AD with the MASQ-AD subscale. The present study used an eight-item subscale of the MASQ-AD scale that has been shown to reflect depressed mood (Nit ...
... 1994), which measures AP, and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ; Watson et al., 1995a,b), which measures AR with the MASQ-AA subscale and AD with the MASQ-AD subscale. The present study used an eight-item subscale of the MASQ-AD scale that has been shown to reflect depressed mood (Nit ...
memory extinction Rethinking the role of L-type voltage
... At first glance, it might appear counterintuitive that a peripherally acting drug can influence the formation of an extinction memory if not by acting in the brain. The report by Waltereit et al. (2008, this issue), however, suggests a mechanism by which L-VGCC antagonists may act peripherally to in ...
... At first glance, it might appear counterintuitive that a peripherally acting drug can influence the formation of an extinction memory if not by acting in the brain. The report by Waltereit et al. (2008, this issue), however, suggests a mechanism by which L-VGCC antagonists may act peripherally to in ...
Systems memory consolidation in Drosophila
... Josh Dubnau1 and Ann-Shyn Chiang2,3 From an information processing perspective, memories need to be acquired, encoded, stored, maintained and retrieved. As time passes after training, memories become less easily retrieved, but also become progressively more stable in the face of experimental perturb ...
... Josh Dubnau1 and Ann-Shyn Chiang2,3 From an information processing perspective, memories need to be acquired, encoded, stored, maintained and retrieved. As time passes after training, memories become less easily retrieved, but also become progressively more stable in the face of experimental perturb ...
20-Limbic
... of the brainstem & buried under the cortex, are involved in many of our emotions & motivations, particularly those that are related to survival. Such emotions include fear, anger, & emotions related to sexual behavior. ...
... of the brainstem & buried under the cortex, are involved in many of our emotions & motivations, particularly those that are related to survival. Such emotions include fear, anger, & emotions related to sexual behavior. ...
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... the serotonergic arousal systems of opisthobranchs appears to operate via second messenger systems, and their time course is limited by the activation/deactivation parameters of these cellular responses. Furthermore, as an example, the time course of swim acceleration in Clione is limited by the dur ...
... the serotonergic arousal systems of opisthobranchs appears to operate via second messenger systems, and their time course is limited by the activation/deactivation parameters of these cellular responses. Furthermore, as an example, the time course of swim acceleration in Clione is limited by the dur ...
Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... tasks that require the monkey to retain memories across a “blank” retention interval, during which no visual stimuli are presented. Outside the laboratory, however, memories frequently must be retained while new information is being processed. It is not understood how IT neurons can participate in m ...
... tasks that require the monkey to retain memories across a “blank” retention interval, during which no visual stimuli are presented. Outside the laboratory, however, memories frequently must be retained while new information is being processed. It is not understood how IT neurons can participate in m ...
Brain days-Part V-Limbic
... mistake. The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompanied by weakening of affect and motor adynamy. It was shown that the anterior cingulate loop is responsible for correcting behavior following a mistake. ...
... mistake. The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompanied by weakening of affect and motor adynamy. It was shown that the anterior cingulate loop is responsible for correcting behavior following a mistake. ...
Where is Pain Percieved?
... and the bilateral secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices were localized by analyzing the known pain-evoked (phase-locked) responses. Researchers found that pain induces strong and significant increases at gamma power of frequencies between 60-95 Hz in the contralateral (S1) cortex. The pain induced g ...
... and the bilateral secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices were localized by analyzing the known pain-evoked (phase-locked) responses. Researchers found that pain induces strong and significant increases at gamma power of frequencies between 60-95 Hz in the contralateral (S1) cortex. The pain induced g ...
Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining
... of time period [F(2,11) = 9.0, P < 0.01] due to the greater number of elements provided overall for the recent time period than for the remote past and future time periods. There were also effects of content [F(3,11) = 11.0, P < 0.01] and a content × time period interaction [F(6,11) = 9.6, P = 0.01 ...
... of time period [F(2,11) = 9.0, P < 0.01] due to the greater number of elements provided overall for the recent time period than for the remote past and future time periods. There were also effects of content [F(3,11) = 11.0, P < 0.01] and a content × time period interaction [F(6,11) = 9.6, P = 0.01 ...
Stress effects on memory
... the stressful episode and the learning experience (Diamond et al., 2007). Another important factor might be whether the memory is tested immediately after learning when noradrenaline levels peak, slightly later when particularly glucocorticoids levels are high or even later when all hormone levels h ...
... the stressful episode and the learning experience (Diamond et al., 2007). Another important factor might be whether the memory is tested immediately after learning when noradrenaline levels peak, slightly later when particularly glucocorticoids levels are high or even later when all hormone levels h ...
learning, Memory, and Cognition: Animal Perspectives
... age. Exposure to benzaldehyde at days 2-5 of adult life, but not at 8-1 I, causes behavioral adaptation as well as structural changes in DM2 and V glomeruli. These examples show that (i) animals often exhibit innate preferences for signals allowing to rapidly and efficiently detect biologically rele ...
... age. Exposure to benzaldehyde at days 2-5 of adult life, but not at 8-1 I, causes behavioral adaptation as well as structural changes in DM2 and V glomeruli. These examples show that (i) animals often exhibit innate preferences for signals allowing to rapidly and efficiently detect biologically rele ...
Behaviorist approach
... can be used. (Note: Memory may be quite “constructive” and, consequently, retrieval may be a very creative process.) ...
... can be used. (Note: Memory may be quite “constructive” and, consequently, retrieval may be a very creative process.) ...
Memory Cure -- through ‘brain specific nutrients’?
... on the messages they receive. When communication among neurons is compromised, the neuron networks that store memories will fail, and memory will decline. PS seems to help the neuronal membrane resist these ...
... on the messages they receive. When communication among neurons is compromised, the neuron networks that store memories will fail, and memory will decline. PS seems to help the neuronal membrane resist these ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
Modeling Visual Cognition
... validity in relation to both their structure and parameters. The latter determines whether the models are valid in terms of their direct link to psychologically meaningful concepts such as the rate of encoding of stimulus information and the amount of information that can be retained in memory. An a ...
... validity in relation to both their structure and parameters. The latter determines whether the models are valid in terms of their direct link to psychologically meaningful concepts such as the rate of encoding of stimulus information and the amount of information that can be retained in memory. An a ...
Chapter Six: Behavior Therapy
... reasoning processes, irrational thinking or irrational beliefs, e.g., magical thinking where two unrelated events are connected such as wishing someone was dead, finding out they died and thinking the wish killed them. Such faulty reasoning might then lead to feelings of guilt, depression or even mo ...
... reasoning processes, irrational thinking or irrational beliefs, e.g., magical thinking where two unrelated events are connected such as wishing someone was dead, finding out they died and thinking the wish killed them. Such faulty reasoning might then lead to feelings of guilt, depression or even mo ...
Eichenbaum et al., 2012a, #15 - Fortin Lab @ UCI
... memory was tested using a series of 20 test stimuli, which involved a random ordering of the 10 odors presented in the sample phase (old odors) plus 10 new odors taken from the pool. Rewards were based on a non-match response contingency, such that rats could obtain rewards by digging only in test c ...
... memory was tested using a series of 20 test stimuli, which involved a random ordering of the 10 odors presented in the sample phase (old odors) plus 10 new odors taken from the pool. Rewards were based on a non-match response contingency, such that rats could obtain rewards by digging only in test c ...
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... Figure 2 | Conjunctiveness and hubness in the hippocampus. (a) Representational similarity analysis (RSA) logic. Left: associative similarity contrast, with expected high regional representational similarity for comparisons of the same association, and low similarity for comparisons of different ass ...
... Figure 2 | Conjunctiveness and hubness in the hippocampus. (a) Representational similarity analysis (RSA) logic. Left: associative similarity contrast, with expected high regional representational similarity for comparisons of the same association, and low similarity for comparisons of different ass ...
Packet #25 Imagine you are working on a research paper about how
... While participants were engaged in this task, commonoutcome training took place, which consisted of 32 trials. A1, B1, A2, and B2 were presented eight times each and were always followed by the respective outcome tone; either O1 (for A1 or B1) or O2 (for A2 or B2). Each trial was 10 s in duration, a ...
... While participants were engaged in this task, commonoutcome training took place, which consisted of 32 trials. A1, B1, A2, and B2 were presented eight times each and were always followed by the respective outcome tone; either O1 (for A1 or B1) or O2 (for A2 or B2). Each trial was 10 s in duration, a ...
Event-Related Potentials
... when subjects retain verbal and spatial items for short periods of time (Sarnthein et al., 1998) and in the beta frequency range between extrastriate areas when they retain visual object representations (Tallon-Baudry et al., 2001). These studies suggest that large-scale cortical network function is ...
... when subjects retain verbal and spatial items for short periods of time (Sarnthein et al., 1998) and in the beta frequency range between extrastriate areas when they retain visual object representations (Tallon-Baudry et al., 2001). These studies suggest that large-scale cortical network function is ...