The g factor of conduction electrons in aluminium : calculation
... quantity proportional to the gradient (in k ) of this factor. Thus A:i, and consequently Agi, are not uniquely defined. Roth (1962) and Yafet (1963) partially solved this difficulty by showing that the mean Ag over a cyclotron orbit is perfectly well defined (just because one has to integrate a grad ...
... quantity proportional to the gradient (in k ) of this factor. Thus A:i, and consequently Agi, are not uniquely defined. Roth (1962) and Yafet (1963) partially solved this difficulty by showing that the mean Ag over a cyclotron orbit is perfectly well defined (just because one has to integrate a grad ...
INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION - if
... Here, the cross stands for the vector product, and the boldfaced letters with subscripts k and ⊥ denote vectors along the directions, parallel and perpendicular to the external magnetic field, resp. The electric field e in the wave of mode 1 is parallel to k⊥ , in mode 2 it lies in the plane contain ...
... Here, the cross stands for the vector product, and the boldfaced letters with subscripts k and ⊥ denote vectors along the directions, parallel and perpendicular to the external magnetic field, resp. The electric field e in the wave of mode 1 is parallel to k⊥ , in mode 2 it lies in the plane contain ...
Chapter 20.key
... In 1819, Hans Christian Oersted discovered that an electric current exerted a force on a magnetic compass. Although there had long been speculation that such a relationship existed, Oersted’s finding was the first evidence of a link between electricity and magnetism. Because nature is often symmetri ...
... In 1819, Hans Christian Oersted discovered that an electric current exerted a force on a magnetic compass. Although there had long been speculation that such a relationship existed, Oersted’s finding was the first evidence of a link between electricity and magnetism. Because nature is often symmetri ...
Estimation of Current from Near-Field Measurement
... (y direction) by 1 cm (x direction) area using a 49 by 25 grid of sample points. The output of the probe was connected to a Tektronix TDS 520A oscilloscope. The measured time domain signal was transformed into the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Fig. 6 shows the compensated ...
... (y direction) by 1 cm (x direction) area using a 49 by 25 grid of sample points. The output of the probe was connected to a Tektronix TDS 520A oscilloscope. The measured time domain signal was transformed into the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Fig. 6 shows the compensated ...
Electromagnetic fields at home
... quality may be a health hazard in itself. People may easily get headache if they work with computers under such circumstances. If it is for practical or economic reasons impossible to reduce the magnetic field so much that the distortion disappear, one could consider to use a more modern, thin, flat ...
... quality may be a health hazard in itself. People may easily get headache if they work with computers under such circumstances. If it is for practical or economic reasons impossible to reduce the magnetic field so much that the distortion disappear, one could consider to use a more modern, thin, flat ...
Compasstech
... The ability to accurately and autonomously determine direction is fundamental for both navigation and pointing mobile devices. For modern electronic applications, there are three basic alternatives for determining direction, each with its own strengths and limitations. The oldest, most economical an ...
... The ability to accurately and autonomously determine direction is fundamental for both navigation and pointing mobile devices. For modern electronic applications, there are three basic alternatives for determining direction, each with its own strengths and limitations. The oldest, most economical an ...
High hole and electron mobilities using Strained Si
... valence band offset (type-I band alignment) between the εGe and relaxed Si1-xGex. However, for the two devices with thin (hGe = 6 nm) ε-Ge layers, the more highly strained sample demonstrates lower µeff across the entire range of Ninv. In Ge, compressive strain greatly reduces the vertical effective ...
... valence band offset (type-I band alignment) between the εGe and relaxed Si1-xGex. However, for the two devices with thin (hGe = 6 nm) ε-Ge layers, the more highly strained sample demonstrates lower µeff across the entire range of Ninv. In Ge, compressive strain greatly reduces the vertical effective ...
Electricity Review Sheet Solutions
... (C) points up, and is constant (uniform) (D) points down, and is constant (uniform) 12 The diagram to the right represents an electric circuit consisting of a 12-volt battery, a 3.0-ohm resistor, R1, and a variable resistor, R2. At what value must the variable resistor be set to produce a current of ...
... (C) points up, and is constant (uniform) (D) points down, and is constant (uniform) 12 The diagram to the right represents an electric circuit consisting of a 12-volt battery, a 3.0-ohm resistor, R1, and a variable resistor, R2. At what value must the variable resistor be set to produce a current of ...
Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Polycrystalline
... A novel imaging technique for the measurement of thermally induced curvature of microcantilevers was developed.17 The schematic of the setup is shown in Fig. 4. The apparatus consists of a tungsten–halogen lamp for heating, collimated light source for illumination, and chargecoupled device 共CCD兲 cam ...
... A novel imaging technique for the measurement of thermally induced curvature of microcantilevers was developed.17 The schematic of the setup is shown in Fig. 4. The apparatus consists of a tungsten–halogen lamp for heating, collimated light source for illumination, and chargecoupled device 共CCD兲 cam ...
Chapter 1- Fundamentals of Electricity
... When there is an excess of electrons (negative charge) at one end of a conductor and a deficiency of electrons (positive charge) at the opposite end, a current flows between the two ends. A current flows through the conductor as long as this condition persists. The source that creates this excess of ...
... When there is an excess of electrons (negative charge) at one end of a conductor and a deficiency of electrons (positive charge) at the opposite end, a current flows between the two ends. A current flows through the conductor as long as this condition persists. The source that creates this excess of ...
06 _chapter 2
... the Greeks recognized the strange properties of lodestone, and almost 1,000 years ago the Chinese used it to invent the magnetic compass. Dielectric properties mean that even though electromagnetic waves can pass through ferrites, they do not readily conduct electricity. This gives them an advantage ...
... the Greeks recognized the strange properties of lodestone, and almost 1,000 years ago the Chinese used it to invent the magnetic compass. Dielectric properties mean that even though electromagnetic waves can pass through ferrites, they do not readily conduct electricity. This gives them an advantage ...
Light-absorption effect on Bragg interference in multilayer semiconductor heterostructures
... achieved in case of a Bragg structure covered by GaAs cap layer of thickness l5l 0 /2ñ A ~curve 3!. This dramatic enhancement of the modulation is caused by destructive interference of light waves reflected by the surface and the interface cap layer/superlattice. High sharpness of the excitonic mod ...
... achieved in case of a Bragg structure covered by GaAs cap layer of thickness l5l 0 /2ñ A ~curve 3!. This dramatic enhancement of the modulation is caused by destructive interference of light waves reflected by the surface and the interface cap layer/superlattice. High sharpness of the excitonic mod ...
Superconducting point contacts weakly connecting two
... First, the properties of a single superconducting point contact will be discussed. Special attention will be paid to the resistive superconductive region, and its current-voltage characteristic. The point contact will be treated using a two-fluid model in which the total current is the sum of an ide ...
... First, the properties of a single superconducting point contact will be discussed. Special attention will be paid to the resistive superconductive region, and its current-voltage characteristic. The point contact will be treated using a two-fluid model in which the total current is the sum of an ide ...
Launch Activity
... If a magnet is suspended from a string, or floated, so that it is free to spin around, it will always end up pointing in a North – South direction. The north pole of the magnet will be attracted by the south pole at the top of the Earth. This is how a compass works. If a two or more compasses are br ...
... If a magnet is suspended from a string, or floated, so that it is free to spin around, it will always end up pointing in a North – South direction. The north pole of the magnet will be attracted by the south pole at the top of the Earth. This is how a compass works. If a two or more compasses are br ...
Ch. 31 - Electromagnetic Induction
... can create an EMF (like a battery) by changing the value of B · A. • This can be done by changing the area, by changing the magnetic field, or the angle between them. • We can use this source of EMF in electrical circuits in the same way we used batteries. • Remember we have to do work to move the l ...
... can create an EMF (like a battery) by changing the value of B · A. • This can be done by changing the area, by changing the magnetic field, or the angle between them. • We can use this source of EMF in electrical circuits in the same way we used batteries. • Remember we have to do work to move the l ...
A thermistor is a type of resistor used to measure temperature
... thermistor, posistor. If the resistance decreases with increasing temperature, the device is called a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. PTC thermistors can be used as heating elements in small temperature-controlled ovens. NTC thermistors are used as resistance thermometers in low-t ...
... thermistor, posistor. If the resistance decreases with increasing temperature, the device is called a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. PTC thermistors can be used as heating elements in small temperature-controlled ovens. NTC thermistors are used as resistance thermometers in low-t ...
Third harmonic generation by Bloch-oscillating electrons in a quasioptical array
... J 20 (Q 1 )J 23 (Q 1 ), the overall factor of J 20 (Q 1 ) arising from dynamic localization.2 The transformation from the local field inside the mesa to the incident field is strongly nonlinear, and incorporates the feedback effects of the quasioptical array on the incident field. The minima are thu ...
... J 20 (Q 1 )J 23 (Q 1 ), the overall factor of J 20 (Q 1 ) arising from dynamic localization.2 The transformation from the local field inside the mesa to the incident field is strongly nonlinear, and incorporates the feedback effects of the quasioptical array on the incident field. The minima are thu ...
ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
... makes a big difference in the strength of the field that you’re exposed to. Electric fields are measured in kilovolts (kV). Magnetic fields, measured in milliGauss (mG), only exist when an electric appliance is turned on – the higher the current, the greater the magnetic field.As with electric field ...
... makes a big difference in the strength of the field that you’re exposed to. Electric fields are measured in kilovolts (kV). Magnetic fields, measured in milliGauss (mG), only exist when an electric appliance is turned on – the higher the current, the greater the magnetic field.As with electric field ...
Giant magnetoresistance
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.