AGING OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
... ability of noradrenergic neurons to respond to ovarian signals. The noradrenergic system exert a stimulatory influence on secretion of several pituitary hormones, and its age-associated decline may be directly related to hyposecretion of these hormones. ...
... ability of noradrenergic neurons to respond to ovarian signals. The noradrenergic system exert a stimulatory influence on secretion of several pituitary hormones, and its age-associated decline may be directly related to hyposecretion of these hormones. ...
Regulation - nervous and endocrine system
... part of body (ex = stomach to heart) to another. Activated by physical or emotional stress. “Fight or Flight” response. • Parasympathetic: Routine life, conserves energy, heart rate lowers, digestive organs back to normal. “Rest and Ruminate” response. ...
... part of body (ex = stomach to heart) to another. Activated by physical or emotional stress. “Fight or Flight” response. • Parasympathetic: Routine life, conserves energy, heart rate lowers, digestive organs back to normal. “Rest and Ruminate” response. ...
Physiology of the Stress Response 001
... of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). The ANS is an automatic system that controls the heart, lungs, stomach, blood vessels and glands. Due to its action we do not need to make any conscious effort to regulate our breathing or heart beat. The ANS consists of two different systems: the sympathetic n ...
... of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). The ANS is an automatic system that controls the heart, lungs, stomach, blood vessels and glands. Due to its action we do not need to make any conscious effort to regulate our breathing or heart beat. The ANS consists of two different systems: the sympathetic n ...
Brand Generic
... • Weekly patch for improved compliance and fewer side effects • Disadvantages – cost, skin irritation, 2-3 day delay of effect ...
... • Weekly patch for improved compliance and fewer side effects • Disadvantages – cost, skin irritation, 2-3 day delay of effect ...
Chapter 4
... • Several drugs inhibit the reuptake of dopamine, thus serving as potent dopamine agonists (Step 10 of Figure 4.4). • The best known of these drugs are amphetamine, cocaine, and methylphenidate. • Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is used to treat children who have attention deficit disorder. • Amphetamine ...
... • Several drugs inhibit the reuptake of dopamine, thus serving as potent dopamine agonists (Step 10 of Figure 4.4). • The best known of these drugs are amphetamine, cocaine, and methylphenidate. • Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is used to treat children who have attention deficit disorder. • Amphetamine ...
Physiology of the Adrenal Glands and Pancreas 1/18
... • Allergies: Alpha-1 is used to dry up mucus membranes during stress, therefore you take phenylephrine as a decongestant! • High Blood Pressure: Alpha-1 increases heart rate and causes vasoconstriction. – You may take the drug “Prazosin” to block the receptor so EPI/NE cannot activate PL-C. • High B ...
... • Allergies: Alpha-1 is used to dry up mucus membranes during stress, therefore you take phenylephrine as a decongestant! • High Blood Pressure: Alpha-1 increases heart rate and causes vasoconstriction. – You may take the drug “Prazosin” to block the receptor so EPI/NE cannot activate PL-C. • High B ...
Physiology of the Adrenal Glands and Pancreas 1/18
... • Allergies: Alpha-1 is used to dry up mucus membranes during stress, therefore you take phenylephrine as a decongestant! • High Blood Pressure: Alpha-1 increases heart rate and causes vasoconstriction. – You may take the drug “Prazosin” to block the receptor so EPI/NE cannot activate PL-C. • High B ...
... • Allergies: Alpha-1 is used to dry up mucus membranes during stress, therefore you take phenylephrine as a decongestant! • High Blood Pressure: Alpha-1 increases heart rate and causes vasoconstriction. – You may take the drug “Prazosin” to block the receptor so EPI/NE cannot activate PL-C. • High B ...
antidepressants: what they are and how they work
... as a “patent extender” for Effexor XR. This is because Pristiq is a primary active metabolite of Effexor, meaning Pristiq is the chemical compound that results after Effexor is taken, metabolized and processed by the body. Interestingly, Wyeth is also seeking FDA approval for the use of Pristiq in d ...
... as a “patent extender” for Effexor XR. This is because Pristiq is a primary active metabolite of Effexor, meaning Pristiq is the chemical compound that results after Effexor is taken, metabolized and processed by the body. Interestingly, Wyeth is also seeking FDA approval for the use of Pristiq in d ...
A Rough Guide to Drugs
... There is a gradual build up of the effect starting from 20 minutes to 1 hour after taking, coming to a peak then decreasing. In total the experience can last for several hours but repeated doses would be necessary to remain high. Short-term effects. An initial rush is usually followed by feelings of ...
... There is a gradual build up of the effect starting from 20 minutes to 1 hour after taking, coming to a peak then decreasing. In total the experience can last for several hours but repeated doses would be necessary to remain high. Short-term effects. An initial rush is usually followed by feelings of ...
Therapy of Bipolar Disorder
... and the stress response. In people who are genetically predisposed can higher production of stress hormones CRH and cortizol lead to impaired neuroplasticity. Antidepressants prevent these changes.) ...
... and the stress response. In people who are genetically predisposed can higher production of stress hormones CRH and cortizol lead to impaired neuroplasticity. Antidepressants prevent these changes.) ...
Pharm Chapter 10 [4-20
... Adrenergic pharm focuses on pathways mediated by the catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine The sympathetic nervous system is the major source of catecholamines, and catecholamines are the major effectors of symps Effects of catecholamines: ...
... Adrenergic pharm focuses on pathways mediated by the catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine The sympathetic nervous system is the major source of catecholamines, and catecholamines are the major effectors of symps Effects of catecholamines: ...
Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior
... • Reflex Arc: Simplest behavior in which a stimulus provokes an automatic response • Sensory Neuron: Nerve cell that carries messages from the senses toward the CNS • Motor Neuron: Cell that carries commands from the CNS to the ...
... • Reflex Arc: Simplest behavior in which a stimulus provokes an automatic response • Sensory Neuron: Nerve cell that carries messages from the senses toward the CNS • Motor Neuron: Cell that carries commands from the CNS to the ...
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
... bizarre ways. Most antipsychotic drugs, therefore, act to reduce schizophrenic symptoms by reducing dopamine levels. As a side effect, however, the antipsychotic drugs can eventually produce symptoms like those of Parkinson's, a condition known as tardive dyskinesia. SEROTONIN produces sleep by inh ...
... bizarre ways. Most antipsychotic drugs, therefore, act to reduce schizophrenic symptoms by reducing dopamine levels. As a side effect, however, the antipsychotic drugs can eventually produce symptoms like those of Parkinson's, a condition known as tardive dyskinesia. SEROTONIN produces sleep by inh ...
Hormones
... • The target organ is the kidney. They promote renal absorbtion of sodium and potassium. Levels of these ions are critical for nerve conduction and muscle contraction. Cardiac failure can result from too low level of potassium. • Levels of sodium maintain blood pressure and concentration of sodium r ...
... • The target organ is the kidney. They promote renal absorbtion of sodium and potassium. Levels of these ions are critical for nerve conduction and muscle contraction. Cardiac failure can result from too low level of potassium. • Levels of sodium maintain blood pressure and concentration of sodium r ...
Metabolism - Wayne State University
... Lipid soluble, and distribute to the brain after absorption from the GI tract. All cross the placental barrier during pregnancy. If given during the pre-delivery period, may depress neonatal vital functions. Also are detectable in breast milk and may exert depressant effects in the nursing infant. E ...
... Lipid soluble, and distribute to the brain after absorption from the GI tract. All cross the placental barrier during pregnancy. If given during the pre-delivery period, may depress neonatal vital functions. Also are detectable in breast milk and may exert depressant effects in the nursing infant. E ...
ADRENERGIC SYSTEM - LEC.2 2008
... according to mechanism of action : They can be classified according to the way that can act through it to three types : 1- direct – acting adrenoceptor agonists: This group of drugs act directly on alpha or beta receptors producing effects similar to those that occur following stimulation of sympath ...
... according to mechanism of action : They can be classified according to the way that can act through it to three types : 1- direct – acting adrenoceptor agonists: This group of drugs act directly on alpha or beta receptors producing effects similar to those that occur following stimulation of sympath ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... They may travel up or down the chain and synapse in ganglia at other levels They may pass through the chain without synapsing and continue as splanchnic nerves These splanchnic nerves lead to the collateral ganglia where they synapse with postganglionic neurons The Adrenal Glands o The adren ...
... They may travel up or down the chain and synapse in ganglia at other levels They may pass through the chain without synapsing and continue as splanchnic nerves These splanchnic nerves lead to the collateral ganglia where they synapse with postganglionic neurons The Adrenal Glands o The adren ...
Hypertension
... Example - do not use verapamil in cases of heart failure associated with increased TPR will slow down an already poorly pumping heart Example - do not use certain β-blockers in combination with Ca2+ channel blockers in heart failure ...
... Example - do not use verapamil in cases of heart failure associated with increased TPR will slow down an already poorly pumping heart Example - do not use certain β-blockers in combination with Ca2+ channel blockers in heart failure ...
Drugs acting on sympathetic α and β receptors Agonists - Di-Et-Tri
... •To prevent urinary retention for example in benign prostate hypertrophy: tamsulosin, alfuzosin etc. •To produce lowering of blood pressure via peripheral vasodilatation: effective but not first choice (e.g. prazosin) • For Raynaud’s syndrome (vasoconstriction due to cold exposure) (limited cases) A ...
... •To prevent urinary retention for example in benign prostate hypertrophy: tamsulosin, alfuzosin etc. •To produce lowering of blood pressure via peripheral vasodilatation: effective but not first choice (e.g. prazosin) • For Raynaud’s syndrome (vasoconstriction due to cold exposure) (limited cases) A ...
Psychopharmacology MS4 - 8th April 2016
... • Tyramine, an amine present in aged foods, causes release of norepinephrine (NE) • In the presence of MAOI, this increased NE cannot be broken down, resulting in a hypertensive crisis ...
... • Tyramine, an amine present in aged foods, causes release of norepinephrine (NE) • In the presence of MAOI, this increased NE cannot be broken down, resulting in a hypertensive crisis ...
Drugs acting on digestive system
... cortex, and perhaps secondarily inhibits the hunger center. However, due to the fact that amphetamine refers to the active psychoactive drugs and has a pronounced peripheral sympathomimetic properties when applied arise anxiety, insomnia, tachycardia, increased blood pressure may develop physical dr ...
... cortex, and perhaps secondarily inhibits the hunger center. However, due to the fact that amphetamine refers to the active psychoactive drugs and has a pronounced peripheral sympathomimetic properties when applied arise anxiety, insomnia, tachycardia, increased blood pressure may develop physical dr ...
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the human brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. Noradrenaline is the common name in the United Kingdom (BAN), while norepinephrine is the International Nonproprietary Name and typically used in the United States. Areas of the body that produce or are affected by norepinephrine are referred to everywhere as noradrenergic.Norepinephrine is synthesized and released by the central nervous system and also by a division of the autonomic nervous system called the sympathetic nervous system. In the brain, norepinephrine comes from several nuclei that are small in size but project to most other parts of the brain and exert powerful effects on their targets. The most important source of norepinephrine in the brain is the locus coeruleus, located in the pons. In the sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord or in the abdomen, and is also released directly into the bloodstream by the adrenal glands. Regardless of how and where it is released, norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating noradrenergic receptors located on the cell surface.In the most basic terms, the function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in what has been called the fight-or-flight response. In the brain norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and anxiety. In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and promotes voiding of the bladder and large intestines.A variety of medically important drugs work by altering the actions of norepinephrine systems. Norepinephrine itself is widely used as an injectable drug for the treatment of critically low blood pressure. Beta blockers, which counter some of the effects of norepinephrine, are frequently used to treat glaucoma, migraine, and a range of cardiovascular problems. Alpha blockers, which counter a different set of norepinephrine effects, are used to treat several cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions. Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect, and are commonly used as anesthesia-enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment of drug or alcohol dependence. Many important psychiatric drugs exert strong effects on norepinephrine systems in the brain, resulting in side-effects that may be helpful or harmful.