Campbell`s Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 8 An
... D) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached E) a phospholipid Answer: C Topic: Concept 8.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 26) Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways? A) They combine molecules into more energy-rich molecules. B) They supply energy, primarily ...
... D) an amino acid with three phosphate groups attached E) a phospholipid Answer: C Topic: Concept 8.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 26) Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways? A) They combine molecules into more energy-rich molecules. B) They supply energy, primarily ...
Glycolytic enzymes localize to ribonucleoprotein
... contribute to transposon silencing and piRNA biogenesis. Steadystate RNA levels were determined by sequencing (RNA-seq) of the whole transcriptomes from ald, eno and pyk mutant germline clone ovaries and the respective wild-type controls. ald mutant ovaries showed significant overexpression of many ...
... contribute to transposon silencing and piRNA biogenesis. Steadystate RNA levels were determined by sequencing (RNA-seq) of the whole transcriptomes from ald, eno and pyk mutant germline clone ovaries and the respective wild-type controls. ald mutant ovaries showed significant overexpression of many ...
CHAPTER 2 Nitric oxide inhibits glycogen synthesis in - UvA-DARE
... Theree is increasing evidence for the existence of intrahepatic regulation of glucose metabolismm by Kupffer cell products. Nitric oxide (NO) is known to inhibit gluconeogenicc flux through pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.. However, NO may also influence glucose metabolism ...
... Theree is increasing evidence for the existence of intrahepatic regulation of glucose metabolismm by Kupffer cell products. Nitric oxide (NO) is known to inhibit gluconeogenicc flux through pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.. However, NO may also influence glucose metabolism ...
Enzymes - Food Science & Human Nutrition
... structure to give different textures and melting points Also used to produce mono and diglycerides for use as emulsifiers A very unique reaction system must be used for these enzymes since they are soluble in water but act on a lipid substrate OIL ...
... structure to give different textures and melting points Also used to produce mono and diglycerides for use as emulsifiers A very unique reaction system must be used for these enzymes since they are soluble in water but act on a lipid substrate OIL ...
REGULATION OF KETONE BODY AND COENZYME A
... him for his scientific guidance, support, patience and humor on the 5,000 li road. He is an adviser who not only teaches me critical thinking, but also is always willing to sit and discuss every detail of my experiments, presentations and scientific writings. His guidance gives me enough confidence ...
... him for his scientific guidance, support, patience and humor on the 5,000 li road. He is an adviser who not only teaches me critical thinking, but also is always willing to sit and discuss every detail of my experiments, presentations and scientific writings. His guidance gives me enough confidence ...
Fritz Lipmann - Nobel Lecture
... rather specifically coupled with the glycolytic reaction. Here, however, we had found a coupling of phosphorylation with a respiratory system. This observation immediately suggested a rather sweeping biochemical significance, of transformations of electron transfer potential, respiratory or fermenta ...
... rather specifically coupled with the glycolytic reaction. Here, however, we had found a coupling of phosphorylation with a respiratory system. This observation immediately suggested a rather sweeping biochemical significance, of transformations of electron transfer potential, respiratory or fermenta ...
Enzymes - Ústav lékařské biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky
... with iodine at all (achrodextrin). At the same time the amount of reducing sugars in the hydrolytic mixture increases. β-Amylase is an enzyme of plant origin, contained also in malt, and splits 1,4-αglycosidic bonds from the non-reducing end of polysaccharide chain. Thus amylose gives practically qu ...
... with iodine at all (achrodextrin). At the same time the amount of reducing sugars in the hydrolytic mixture increases. β-Amylase is an enzyme of plant origin, contained also in malt, and splits 1,4-αglycosidic bonds from the non-reducing end of polysaccharide chain. Thus amylose gives practically qu ...
Enzyme kinetics and its relevance to enzyme assay
... simpler to use and require less costly equipment, but their reliability is suspect. In two-point assay systems measurements are only taken before and after a fixed incubation period, and consequently there is no certainty that the rate is constant during the whole of the reaction period, ie, there i ...
... simpler to use and require less costly equipment, but their reliability is suspect. In two-point assay systems measurements are only taken before and after a fixed incubation period, and consequently there is no certainty that the rate is constant during the whole of the reaction period, ie, there i ...
Oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids
... OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PEROXISOMES Peroxisomes - organelles containing enzyme catalase, which catalyzes the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen ...
... OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PEROXISOMES Peroxisomes - organelles containing enzyme catalase, which catalyzes the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen ...
Biological energy
... • NADH, the reduced form of NAD+ – Passes the electrons to the electron transport chain ...
... • NADH, the reduced form of NAD+ – Passes the electrons to the electron transport chain ...
PRODUCTION OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE BY
... lactate production phase was prolonged from 22 h to 34 h, and an overall lactate productivity of ...
... lactate production phase was prolonged from 22 h to 34 h, and an overall lactate productivity of ...
Effects of biotin on pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA
... Increased enzymatic activity in all the carboxylases after administration of 61.4 µmol/d for 28 days. ...
... Increased enzymatic activity in all the carboxylases after administration of 61.4 µmol/d for 28 days. ...
A laktóz (lac) operon – egy példa a prokarióta génszabályozásra
... Presence of glucose: stop the operation of the lac operon Catabolite repression: a process when the end product of the reaction stops the reaction. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase enzyme. Under conditions of high glucose content, a glucose breakdown product inhibits the enzyme ad ...
... Presence of glucose: stop the operation of the lac operon Catabolite repression: a process when the end product of the reaction stops the reaction. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by adenylate cyclase enzyme. Under conditions of high glucose content, a glucose breakdown product inhibits the enzyme ad ...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1768:
... stress, it seems that aerobic atmosphere should severely restrict pneumococcal growth, yet S. pneumoniae is aerotolerant and is able to grow under atmospheric oxygen pressure [1]. This suggests the existence of other bacterial factors that are important for aerobic pneumococcal growth. ...
... stress, it seems that aerobic atmosphere should severely restrict pneumococcal growth, yet S. pneumoniae is aerotolerant and is able to grow under atmospheric oxygen pressure [1]. This suggests the existence of other bacterial factors that are important for aerobic pneumococcal growth. ...
Muscle 12
... Muscle Metabolism • Oxygen debt: – Oxygen that was withdrawn from hemoglobin and myoglobin during exercise. – Extra 02 required for metabolism tissue warmed during exercise. – 02 needed for metabolism of lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration. ...
... Muscle Metabolism • Oxygen debt: – Oxygen that was withdrawn from hemoglobin and myoglobin during exercise. – Extra 02 required for metabolism tissue warmed during exercise. – 02 needed for metabolism of lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration. ...
Ch 16.4 Enzymes and rest
... Oxidoreductoases: oxidation/reduction Rx Transferases: transfer functional groups (Kinase: transfers phosphates) Hydrolases: breaking molecules in presence of H2O (Carbohydrases, Proteases, Lipases) Lyases: (Add/Remove groups with double bonds Isomerases: rearrange to form isomers (cis/tra ...
... Oxidoreductoases: oxidation/reduction Rx Transferases: transfer functional groups (Kinase: transfers phosphates) Hydrolases: breaking molecules in presence of H2O (Carbohydrases, Proteases, Lipases) Lyases: (Add/Remove groups with double bonds Isomerases: rearrange to form isomers (cis/tra ...
DISEASES OF LIPID METABOLISM
... a. This is ATHE@ control step in lipid (fatty acid) degradation. Triglycerides are mobilized by increased activity of the hormone sensitive lipase. This enzyme is inhibited by insulin (well-fed-conditions) but is stimulated by glucagon (fasting), epinephrine (stress), ACTH (stress), and growth hormo ...
... a. This is ATHE@ control step in lipid (fatty acid) degradation. Triglycerides are mobilized by increased activity of the hormone sensitive lipase. This enzyme is inhibited by insulin (well-fed-conditions) but is stimulated by glucagon (fasting), epinephrine (stress), ACTH (stress), and growth hormo ...
Cholesterol a jeho transport
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑