Absorption, hepatic metabolism and mammary
... glucose (65%). Mammary de novo fatty acid synthesis was 24% and combined with the cost of de novo fatty acid synthesis it utilized 37% of the mammary extracted glucose. All in all, glucose is the main energy source for lactating sows and an adequate starch intake is important for proper milk product ...
... glucose (65%). Mammary de novo fatty acid synthesis was 24% and combined with the cost of de novo fatty acid synthesis it utilized 37% of the mammary extracted glucose. All in all, glucose is the main energy source for lactating sows and an adequate starch intake is important for proper milk product ...
Cholesterol and its transport
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
Cholesterol a jeho transport
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
... Sources of cholesterol: 1. the diet, 2. de novo synthesis from acetyl-CoA (liver) Utilization of cholesterol: 1. the synthesis of bile acids, 2. building block for cell membranes, 3. stored in the form of lipid droplets, following esterification with fatty acids, 4. formation of VLDL (supply oth ...
eprint_1_29837_493
... Many enzymes require the presence of small non-protein organic molecules for their efficient performances. Only when both enzy-me and co-enzyme are present catalysis will occur. Co-enzymes are low molecular weight, non-protein organic compounds that are heat resistant, function as cosubstances. Usua ...
... Many enzymes require the presence of small non-protein organic molecules for their efficient performances. Only when both enzy-me and co-enzyme are present catalysis will occur. Co-enzymes are low molecular weight, non-protein organic compounds that are heat resistant, function as cosubstances. Usua ...
Lactic acid bacteria as a cell factory: rerouting of carbon metabolism
... because sugar import is directly coupled to sugar phosphorylation at the expense of one ATP that would otherwise be generated by PEP conversion to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (pyk) (Fig. 2). Recently, the ptsHI operon of L. lactis, encoding the general PTS components HPr and enzyme I, respectively, ...
... because sugar import is directly coupled to sugar phosphorylation at the expense of one ATP that would otherwise be generated by PEP conversion to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (pyk) (Fig. 2). Recently, the ptsHI operon of L. lactis, encoding the general PTS components HPr and enzyme I, respectively, ...
Enzymes - Ústav lékařské chemie a biochemie
... Furthermore the activity of potato peroxidase will be demonstrated using benzidine derivative o-tolidine (dimethylbenzidine) as electron donor, which is oxidized in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as substrate to a coloured product (blue). ...
... Furthermore the activity of potato peroxidase will be demonstrated using benzidine derivative o-tolidine (dimethylbenzidine) as electron donor, which is oxidized in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as substrate to a coloured product (blue). ...
+ Enzyme Inhibitors
... reducing agent in cellular respiration and donates electrons to the electron transport chain ...
... reducing agent in cellular respiration and donates electrons to the electron transport chain ...
allosteric inhibition
... • The inhibitor reduces the amount of E available for productive catalysis by the formation of the EI complex. The inhibitor does not affect the ES complex after it has formed. The dissociation constant for the inhibitor is KI = [E][I]/[EI]. • There are two anticipated consequences of this addition ...
... • The inhibitor reduces the amount of E available for productive catalysis by the formation of the EI complex. The inhibitor does not affect the ES complex after it has formed. The dissociation constant for the inhibitor is KI = [E][I]/[EI]. • There are two anticipated consequences of this addition ...
Hereditary hyperammonemia - Stephanie Hickey Nutrition Portfolio
... 2) What reactions are catalyzed by AST and ALT? and what coenzyme is required? Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) become elevated when the hepatitis virus has affected the liver since the liver is the main site for the catabolism of amino acids (the transfer or remov ...
... 2) What reactions are catalyzed by AST and ALT? and what coenzyme is required? Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) become elevated when the hepatitis virus has affected the liver since the liver is the main site for the catabolism of amino acids (the transfer or remov ...
Metabolism of Mollicutes: the Embden-Meyerhof
... Organisms andgrowth conditions. The organisms and media used in this study are listed in Table 1. All organisms were grown statically at 37 "C for 18-72 h (mid-exponential phase) except for M . hyopneumoniae which was grown with constant shaking at 36 "C for 3-5 d. M . pneumoniae and M . genitalium ...
... Organisms andgrowth conditions. The organisms and media used in this study are listed in Table 1. All organisms were grown statically at 37 "C for 18-72 h (mid-exponential phase) except for M . hyopneumoniae which was grown with constant shaking at 36 "C for 3-5 d. M . pneumoniae and M . genitalium ...
Production of L-4-phenyl-2-aminobutanoic acid by transamination
... transamination reactions using L-aspartic acid as the either thermally; chemically by various metal ions, amino donor regardless of the 2-keto acid precursor that amines and/or acids; or preferably enzymatically by the is used is the following: L-aspartic acid, a 2-keto acid, enzyme oxaloacetate dec ...
... transamination reactions using L-aspartic acid as the either thermally; chemically by various metal ions, amino donor regardless of the 2-keto acid precursor that amines and/or acids; or preferably enzymatically by the is used is the following: L-aspartic acid, a 2-keto acid, enzyme oxaloacetate dec ...
Amino Acid Metabolism 1 Key Concepts
... the biosphere, and in addition to its presence in amino acids and nucleotides, it is also found in some carbohydrates (glucosamine) and lipids (sphingosine), as well as, the enzyme cofactors thiamine, NAD+, and FAD. Nitrogen in biological compounds ultimately comes from nitrogen gas (N2) which const ...
... the biosphere, and in addition to its presence in amino acids and nucleotides, it is also found in some carbohydrates (glucosamine) and lipids (sphingosine), as well as, the enzyme cofactors thiamine, NAD+, and FAD. Nitrogen in biological compounds ultimately comes from nitrogen gas (N2) which const ...
The Biochemistry of Alcohol Toxicity -R-ES-O-N-A-N--CE--I-O-c
... Alcohol increases urine output. This is because alcohol depresses the pituitary gland's production of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. The resulting loss of body water leads to thirst. The only fluid that can relieve dehydration is water, but if alcoholic beverages are the only drinks available ...
... Alcohol increases urine output. This is because alcohol depresses the pituitary gland's production of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. The resulting loss of body water leads to thirst. The only fluid that can relieve dehydration is water, but if alcoholic beverages are the only drinks available ...
Problem-Set Solutions
... 26.13 Nitrogen balance is the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the body as protein equals the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body in waste material. In a positive nitrogen balance, nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output; this condition is present when large amounts of ...
... 26.13 Nitrogen balance is the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the body as protein equals the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body in waste material. In a positive nitrogen balance, nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output; this condition is present when large amounts of ...
Pharmacology 13a – Atherosclerosis and Lipid Metabolism
... transported in plasma in the core of particles (lioproteins) that have a hydrophilic shell of phospholipids and free cholesterol 2/3 of plasma lipoproteins are synthesised in the liver Triglycerides are secreted into the blood as VLDL In muscle and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase hydrolyses ...
... transported in plasma in the core of particles (lioproteins) that have a hydrophilic shell of phospholipids and free cholesterol 2/3 of plasma lipoproteins are synthesised in the liver Triglycerides are secreted into the blood as VLDL In muscle and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase hydrolyses ...
Nutrition Nutrient – a substance that promotes normal growth
... The terminal phosphates are cleaved and captured by ADP to form 4 ATP molecules ...
... The terminal phosphates are cleaved and captured by ADP to form 4 ATP molecules ...
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF WHEATGRASS ON ALCOHOL AND ∆PUFA INDUCED LIVER
... production of other lipids. As wheatgrass is a good source of antioxidants like vitamin C and E, ferulic acid, vanilic acid and phenolics [8], could have effectively reduced oxidative stress and thus contributed for decreased cholesterol. Phospholipids are the major constituents of the biomembrane a ...
... production of other lipids. As wheatgrass is a good source of antioxidants like vitamin C and E, ferulic acid, vanilic acid and phenolics [8], could have effectively reduced oxidative stress and thus contributed for decreased cholesterol. Phospholipids are the major constituents of the biomembrane a ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
Metabolism & Enzymes
... changes in salinity adds or removes cations (+) & anions (–) disrupts bonds, disrupts 3D shape disrupts attractions between charged amino acids ...
... changes in salinity adds or removes cations (+) & anions (–) disrupts bonds, disrupts 3D shape disrupts attractions between charged amino acids ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑