Citric acid Cycle Remake - Study in Universal Science College
... Reactions of Citric Acid Cycle 1. Citrate synthase: Formation of Citroyl CoA intermediate. 2. Binding of Oxaloacetate to the enzyme results in conformational change which facilitates the binding of the next substrate, the acetyl Coenzyme A. There is a further conformational change which leads t ...
... Reactions of Citric Acid Cycle 1. Citrate synthase: Formation of Citroyl CoA intermediate. 2. Binding of Oxaloacetate to the enzyme results in conformational change which facilitates the binding of the next substrate, the acetyl Coenzyme A. There is a further conformational change which leads t ...
What is Respiration? - Deans Community High School
... taken in by the woodlouse is measured. As the organism uses up oxygen inside the tube, the volume of gas decreases. The coloured water moves down the tube to fill the space of the oxygen that has been used up by the woodlouse. The distance that the coloured water moves is used to calculate the rate ...
... taken in by the woodlouse is measured. As the organism uses up oxygen inside the tube, the volume of gas decreases. The coloured water moves down the tube to fill the space of the oxygen that has been used up by the woodlouse. The distance that the coloured water moves is used to calculate the rate ...
Homeostasis in Organisms
... Photosynthesis: storing energy from the sun All the energy that supports life on Earth comes from the sun. Plants are the key link in the chain of life. Plant cells contain special green-colored organelles called chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs. ...
... Photosynthesis: storing energy from the sun All the energy that supports life on Earth comes from the sun. Plants are the key link in the chain of life. Plant cells contain special green-colored organelles called chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs. ...
Chapter 4: Cellular metabolism
... • Metabolic reactions require energy to happen • The temperature in cells is usually too mild to promote the reactions required to support life enzymes make these reactions possible • Enzymes are almost always proteins & promote chemical reactions within cells by lowering the amount of energy requ ...
... • Metabolic reactions require energy to happen • The temperature in cells is usually too mild to promote the reactions required to support life enzymes make these reactions possible • Enzymes are almost always proteins & promote chemical reactions within cells by lowering the amount of energy requ ...
Citrate cycle - 3.LF UK 2015
... succinyl-CoA NADH / NAD+ ATP / ADP NADH / NAD+ ATP / ADP GTP succinyl-CoA ...
... succinyl-CoA NADH / NAD+ ATP / ADP NADH / NAD+ ATP / ADP GTP succinyl-CoA ...
3 biochemistry, macromolecules
... to lactic acid (build up causes muscle soreness) • No ATP produced • Allows glycolysis to start over (regenerates NAD+) ...
... to lactic acid (build up causes muscle soreness) • No ATP produced • Allows glycolysis to start over (regenerates NAD+) ...
Ch. 8 Review Sheet
... 21. Which part of the diagram represents where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll? A. at I B. at II C. in I and II 22. Arrows 3 and 4 together represent A. oxygen and water B. ATP and NADPH ...
... 21. Which part of the diagram represents where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll? A. at I B. at II C. in I and II 22. Arrows 3 and 4 together represent A. oxygen and water B. ATP and NADPH ...
Cellular Respiration
... 1. What does ATP stand for? 2. Why is ATP recyclable? 3. What are the products of cellular respiration? 4. Why is mitochondria folded? 5. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? ...
... 1. What does ATP stand for? 2. Why is ATP recyclable? 3. What are the products of cellular respiration? 4. Why is mitochondria folded? 5. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? ...
Slide 1
... This conversion of energy in the cell (1st law of thermodynamics ) • an animal cell: converts chemical bond energy (in the chemical bonds between the atoms of the molecules in food) into heat energy (the random thermal motion of molecules) • A plant cell: converts photon energy (in the sun light) ...
... This conversion of energy in the cell (1st law of thermodynamics ) • an animal cell: converts chemical bond energy (in the chemical bonds between the atoms of the molecules in food) into heat energy (the random thermal motion of molecules) • A plant cell: converts photon energy (in the sun light) ...
Nutrition & Metabolism
... Acetyl CoA + Oxalocetic Acid Citric Acid Isocitric Acid CO2 NADH2 alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid CO2 NADH2 ...
... Acetyl CoA + Oxalocetic Acid Citric Acid Isocitric Acid CO2 NADH2 alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid CO2 NADH2 ...
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake
... Cell matter and culture medium form a distributed system The limiting substrate is both the carbon and energy source. The composition and metabolic activity assumed constant such that biomass may be described by a single variable X. The redox state of the cell is assumed to be the same as that of th ...
... Cell matter and culture medium form a distributed system The limiting substrate is both the carbon and energy source. The composition and metabolic activity assumed constant such that biomass may be described by a single variable X. The redox state of the cell is assumed to be the same as that of th ...
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake
... Cell matter and culture medium form a distributed system The limiting substrate is both the carbon and energy source. The composition and metabolic activity assumed constant such that biomass may be described by a single variable X. The redox state of the cell is assumed to be the same as that of th ...
... Cell matter and culture medium form a distributed system The limiting substrate is both the carbon and energy source. The composition and metabolic activity assumed constant such that biomass may be described by a single variable X. The redox state of the cell is assumed to be the same as that of th ...
Cells and Energy
... Animals are NOT the only organisms that use cellular respiration. All living organisms use some type of respiration (aerobic or anaerobic) to produce ATP…this includes bacteria, protistans, fungi, plants, and animals!!! ...
... Animals are NOT the only organisms that use cellular respiration. All living organisms use some type of respiration (aerobic or anaerobic) to produce ATP…this includes bacteria, protistans, fungi, plants, and animals!!! ...
Exam 2 Key Fa08
... 21. Early research into the mechanisms of photosynthesis hypothesized that O2 is produced by splitting CO2. Describe one experiment that supported the idea that O2 is produced by the splitting of water and not from CO2. (2 pts) [From assigned reading in textbook. Research with photosynthetic bacteri ...
... 21. Early research into the mechanisms of photosynthesis hypothesized that O2 is produced by splitting CO2. Describe one experiment that supported the idea that O2 is produced by the splitting of water and not from CO2. (2 pts) [From assigned reading in textbook. Research with photosynthetic bacteri ...
The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP
... transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generate ...
... transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generate ...
to find the lecture notes for lecture 4 cellular physiology click here
... • we consume sugars other than glucose • two other abundant sugars are fructose and galactose • fructose can be converted into glyceraldehyde using the fructose-1phosphate pathway which utilizes different enzymes but still creates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate • alternatively fructose can be phosphoryl ...
... • we consume sugars other than glucose • two other abundant sugars are fructose and galactose • fructose can be converted into glyceraldehyde using the fructose-1phosphate pathway which utilizes different enzymes but still creates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate • alternatively fructose can be phosphoryl ...
Cellular Respiration Part 3
... • Called the Citric Acid Cycle because Citric Acid (citrate) is the 1st molecule formed in the cycle • Called the Krebs Cycle after Hans Krebs – the researcher who discovered it • Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria • Involves 2 electron carriers – NADH and FADH2 • The cycle oxidizes organic fu ...
... • Called the Citric Acid Cycle because Citric Acid (citrate) is the 1st molecule formed in the cycle • Called the Krebs Cycle after Hans Krebs – the researcher who discovered it • Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria • Involves 2 electron carriers – NADH and FADH2 • The cycle oxidizes organic fu ...
Document
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (2C to 1C) • Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs cycle • Occurs in mitochondrial matrix • Is the biochemical hub of the cell, oxidizing carbon fuels, usually in the form of acetyl CoA, interconversion of carbohydrates, lipids, and some amino acids, as well as serving as a source of ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (2C to 1C) • Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs cycle • Occurs in mitochondrial matrix • Is the biochemical hub of the cell, oxidizing carbon fuels, usually in the form of acetyl CoA, interconversion of carbohydrates, lipids, and some amino acids, as well as serving as a source of ...
Exam II
... Fatty acid CoA thioester must be transported to the mitochnodria, but it cannot pass through membranes. The fatty acid is temporarily transesterified with carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than ...
... Fatty acid CoA thioester must be transported to the mitochnodria, but it cannot pass through membranes. The fatty acid is temporarily transesterified with carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than ...
NME2.31 - Energy Production
... The TCA cycle takes place inside the mitochondria of most cells o Involves a sequence of 8 reactions o Aerobic but does not directly require (gaseous) oxygen; uses water molecules Acetyl-CoA is fully oxidised to form CO2 and various energy-rich carrier molecules (e.g. NADH, FADH2) o Each cycle produ ...
... The TCA cycle takes place inside the mitochondria of most cells o Involves a sequence of 8 reactions o Aerobic but does not directly require (gaseous) oxygen; uses water molecules Acetyl-CoA is fully oxidised to form CO2 and various energy-rich carrier molecules (e.g. NADH, FADH2) o Each cycle produ ...
03-232 Biochemistry
... b. The ATP synthase is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane is composed of two complexes, Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to ro ...
... b. The ATP synthase is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane is composed of two complexes, Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to ro ...
Exam II answer key
... Fatty acid CoA thioester must be transported to the mitochnodria, but it cannot pass through membranes. The fatty acid is temporarily transesterified with carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than ...
... Fatty acid CoA thioester must be transported to the mitochnodria, but it cannot pass through membranes. The fatty acid is temporarily transesterified with carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑