PHM 381M Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I
... Exams will consist of True/False, Multiple/Multiple Choice, and short answer questions. Students must arrive on time for examinations. All instructions and corrections will be made at the beginning of the examination period and will not be repeated. Exams will begin promptly at the indicated hour an ...
... Exams will consist of True/False, Multiple/Multiple Choice, and short answer questions. Students must arrive on time for examinations. All instructions and corrections will be made at the beginning of the examination period and will not be repeated. Exams will begin promptly at the indicated hour an ...
Ch.24Pt.7_000
... needs water for removal via kidneys. Imposes a minimum daily water requirement. Spiders excrete guanine, 5 nitrogen atoms in a small molecule. ...
... needs water for removal via kidneys. Imposes a minimum daily water requirement. Spiders excrete guanine, 5 nitrogen atoms in a small molecule. ...
L17. Dr. Ali Salim Fanous
... foods, e.g., production of various types of syrups from starch or sucrose (a- and β-amylases, glucamylase, pullulanase, invertase, and glucose isomerase), meat/protein processing using proteases, removal of glucose and or molecular oxygen (O2) using glucose oxidase and catalase, use of lactase in da ...
... foods, e.g., production of various types of syrups from starch or sucrose (a- and β-amylases, glucamylase, pullulanase, invertase, and glucose isomerase), meat/protein processing using proteases, removal of glucose and or molecular oxygen (O2) using glucose oxidase and catalase, use of lactase in da ...
What enzymes do do!! Increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the
... reaches a maximum value, Vmax, at high substrate concentrations and does not increase any higher. This makes sense, since there should be some point at which all the enzyme molecules are saturated with substrate and addition of further substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction. At saturat ...
... reaches a maximum value, Vmax, at high substrate concentrations and does not increase any higher. This makes sense, since there should be some point at which all the enzyme molecules are saturated with substrate and addition of further substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction. At saturat ...
Intro to Biology review - Brookings School District
... Another name for a “living thing” organism ...
... Another name for a “living thing” organism ...
Glycogenolytic effect of pancreastatin in the rat
... This paper describes the effect of pancreastatin, in vivo, on the hepatic glycogen in rats. This 49-residue peptide with a C-terminal glycine amide was isolated from porcine extracts by Tatemoto et al. (1). Recently, Eiden (4) and Huttner and Benedum (9) independently drew attention to a striking si ...
... This paper describes the effect of pancreastatin, in vivo, on the hepatic glycogen in rats. This 49-residue peptide with a C-terminal glycine amide was isolated from porcine extracts by Tatemoto et al. (1). Recently, Eiden (4) and Huttner and Benedum (9) independently drew attention to a striking si ...
Microbial fermentative processes, biomass, enzymes, amino acids
... Lactic acid fermentation • Homolactic fermentation (producing only lactic acid) is the simplest type of fermentation. • The pyruvate from glycolysis undergoes a simple redox reaction, forming lactic acid. • It is unique because it is one of the only respiration processes to not produce a gas as a b ...
... Lactic acid fermentation • Homolactic fermentation (producing only lactic acid) is the simplest type of fermentation. • The pyruvate from glycolysis undergoes a simple redox reaction, forming lactic acid. • It is unique because it is one of the only respiration processes to not produce a gas as a b ...
2 H
... the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation In this process, an enzyme transfers a phosphate group directly from a substrate molecule to ADP ...
... the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation In this process, an enzyme transfers a phosphate group directly from a substrate molecule to ADP ...
chapter3_part1
... vegetable oil raise levels of cholesterol in our blood more than any other fat, and directly alter blood vessel/harden arteries – atheroslcerosis Trans fats are found in red meats, chocolate, and large amounts in hydrogenated oils (cakes, cookies, etc.) ...
... vegetable oil raise levels of cholesterol in our blood more than any other fat, and directly alter blood vessel/harden arteries – atheroslcerosis Trans fats are found in red meats, chocolate, and large amounts in hydrogenated oils (cakes, cookies, etc.) ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Oxidative Phosphorylation What is mitochondria? 2 membranes: Inner - only permeable to O2, H2O transporters req’d for ATP, Pi, pyruvate, etc. folding increases surface area (site of ox. phos. machinery) Matrix contains: citric acid cycle enzymes Fatty acid oxidation enzymes (discuss later) ...
... Oxidative Phosphorylation What is mitochondria? 2 membranes: Inner - only permeable to O2, H2O transporters req’d for ATP, Pi, pyruvate, etc. folding increases surface area (site of ox. phos. machinery) Matrix contains: citric acid cycle enzymes Fatty acid oxidation enzymes (discuss later) ...
and fatty acids
... • But during high rates of fatty acid oxidation (as occurs in states such as diabetes, fasting and starvation), when carbohydrates are not available to meet energy needs, or are properly utilized, the body breaks down body fat by a process called beta oxidation of fats. • Under these conditions, wh ...
... • But during high rates of fatty acid oxidation (as occurs in states such as diabetes, fasting and starvation), when carbohydrates are not available to meet energy needs, or are properly utilized, the body breaks down body fat by a process called beta oxidation of fats. • Under these conditions, wh ...
2.1 Molecules to Metabolism 14-15
... Carbon atoms form an unbranched chain Number of carbon atoms is between 14 and 20 One end is a carboxyl group The other end is a methyl group Carbon atoms in between have 2 ...
... Carbon atoms form an unbranched chain Number of carbon atoms is between 14 and 20 One end is a carboxyl group The other end is a methyl group Carbon atoms in between have 2 ...
Photo Album
... Figure 3.9 Anaplerotic reactions are required for net synthesis of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate and for normal synaptic transmission. (A) Net synthesis of TCA cycle-derived amino acids requires the ATP-dependent CO2 fixation reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase to generate oxaloacetate ...
... Figure 3.9 Anaplerotic reactions are required for net synthesis of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate and for normal synaptic transmission. (A) Net synthesis of TCA cycle-derived amino acids requires the ATP-dependent CO2 fixation reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase to generate oxaloacetate ...
File
... D.3 U7 The liver intercepts blood form the gut to regulate nutrient levels. One main function of liver is to regulate quantity of nutrients circulating in the blood. Key role in glucose, it can store glucose as glycogen or break down glycogen to glucose. Body can’t store proteins or amino acids ...
... D.3 U7 The liver intercepts blood form the gut to regulate nutrient levels. One main function of liver is to regulate quantity of nutrients circulating in the blood. Key role in glucose, it can store glucose as glycogen or break down glycogen to glucose. Body can’t store proteins or amino acids ...
ppt
... • Gln, Gly, Asp are donors of C and N atoms • CO2 is a source of C • C1 units are transferred via tetrahydrofolate „Salvage pathway“: • purines from normal turnover of cellular NA can be converted to nucleoside triphosphates • substrates: purine bases, PRPP, ATP ...
... • Gln, Gly, Asp are donors of C and N atoms • CO2 is a source of C • C1 units are transferred via tetrahydrofolate „Salvage pathway“: • purines from normal turnover of cellular NA can be converted to nucleoside triphosphates • substrates: purine bases, PRPP, ATP ...
WATER - Biology Mad
... 1. Fatty acids are the hydrocarbon chains that make up most of a lipid molecule. 2. The two ends (the head and the tail) of a fatty acid molecule have different properties – they are therefore polar molecules: a). The carboxyl end (= head) of the molecule is charged, and thus attracted to water mole ...
... 1. Fatty acids are the hydrocarbon chains that make up most of a lipid molecule. 2. The two ends (the head and the tail) of a fatty acid molecule have different properties – they are therefore polar molecules: a). The carboxyl end (= head) of the molecule is charged, and thus attracted to water mole ...
Topic D.1 Human Nutrition
... U: Lack of essential amino acids affects production of proteins. Protein deficiency malnutrition = shortage of 1 or more essential amino acids needed to make proteins Aka “Kwashiorkor” (from the Ga language of coastal Ghana, translated as "the sickness the baby gets when the new baby comes“) Causes ...
... U: Lack of essential amino acids affects production of proteins. Protein deficiency malnutrition = shortage of 1 or more essential amino acids needed to make proteins Aka “Kwashiorkor” (from the Ga language of coastal Ghana, translated as "the sickness the baby gets when the new baby comes“) Causes ...
Review Problems #2 (Enzyme Review, Phosphatases
... 2) The branchpoint for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis is chorismate. What is the structure of chorismate? What are the three immediate products derived from chorismate that constitute the first unique steps in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids? 3) From where are the two carbons of th ...
... 2) The branchpoint for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis is chorismate. What is the structure of chorismate? What are the three immediate products derived from chorismate that constitute the first unique steps in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids? 3) From where are the two carbons of th ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two steps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydration, and the last step is a cleavage re ...
... acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two steps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydration, and the last step is a cleavage re ...
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
... Metabolic pathways that are the most powerful also have the least capacity, and vice versa. The anaerobic pathways are far more powerful than the aerobic pathways, but have a very limited capacity for ATP production. ATP is referred to as the energy currency of the cell, because the free energy rel ...
... Metabolic pathways that are the most powerful also have the least capacity, and vice versa. The anaerobic pathways are far more powerful than the aerobic pathways, but have a very limited capacity for ATP production. ATP is referred to as the energy currency of the cell, because the free energy rel ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑