Isoenzymes and Other Markers
... dehydrogenase (LDH)). In biochemistry, isozymes (or isoenzymes) are isoforms (closely related variants) of enzymes. In many cases, they are coded for by homologous genes that have diverged over time ...
... dehydrogenase (LDH)). In biochemistry, isozymes (or isoenzymes) are isoforms (closely related variants) of enzymes. In many cases, they are coded for by homologous genes that have diverged over time ...
Lecture: Fatty Acids Synthesis Recall the physiological role of
... Recall triglyceride degradation in adipose tissue by hormone sensitive lipase, and identify the hormone that regulates the hormone sensitive lipase. o During fasting, adipose TG broken down (lipolysis) o Lipases cleave FAs from TG: hormone sensitive lipase starts process Signaled by decreasing ins ...
... Recall triglyceride degradation in adipose tissue by hormone sensitive lipase, and identify the hormone that regulates the hormone sensitive lipase. o During fasting, adipose TG broken down (lipolysis) o Lipases cleave FAs from TG: hormone sensitive lipase starts process Signaled by decreasing ins ...
Enzymes: Biological Catalysts
... DNA Polymerase: Adds nucleic acid bases to growing DNA strands during DNA replication. Kinase: attaches phosphate groups; ATP production ...
... DNA Polymerase: Adds nucleic acid bases to growing DNA strands during DNA replication. Kinase: attaches phosphate groups; ATP production ...
Requirements - Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis
... reason, the semester will not be acknowledged. The student in this case is not allowed to sit for the semifinal exam. Missed practicals can be completed only in the same week at another group; certificate from the host teacher should be presented by the student to the assigned teacher. Grading of th ...
... reason, the semester will not be acknowledged. The student in this case is not allowed to sit for the semifinal exam. Missed practicals can be completed only in the same week at another group; certificate from the host teacher should be presented by the student to the assigned teacher. Grading of th ...
Chapter 6
... Cellular respiration is a perfect example of metabolism. This means that a series of chemical reactions occur in order to transform food and oxygen into energy. Within a single process of cellular respiration, more than 12 reactions are involved. The three main metabolic stages that take place durin ...
... Cellular respiration is a perfect example of metabolism. This means that a series of chemical reactions occur in order to transform food and oxygen into energy. Within a single process of cellular respiration, more than 12 reactions are involved. The three main metabolic stages that take place durin ...
A) chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed during
... A) Boiling destroys sugar molecules so they cannot be converted to starch. B) Boiling kills a fungus on the corn that is needed to convert sugar to starch. C) Boiling activates the enzyme that converts amino acids to sugar. D) Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch ...
... A) Boiling destroys sugar molecules so they cannot be converted to starch. B) Boiling kills a fungus on the corn that is needed to convert sugar to starch. C) Boiling activates the enzyme that converts amino acids to sugar. D) Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch ...
Muscle Metabolic Adaptation to Exercise
... These fibers are slow because the ATPase in the myosin heads hydrolyzes ATP relatively slowly and the contraction cycle proceeds at a slower speed. Location: Postural muscle such as those of neck , back and legs. Function: maintaining posture and aerobic endurance activities (e.g. running a marathon ...
... These fibers are slow because the ATPase in the myosin heads hydrolyzes ATP relatively slowly and the contraction cycle proceeds at a slower speed. Location: Postural muscle such as those of neck , back and legs. Function: maintaining posture and aerobic endurance activities (e.g. running a marathon ...
AP Biology
... (C) negative feedback (D) noncompetitive inhibition (E) none of the above 2092.Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes? (A) They reduce the energy required for most reactions. (B) They allow reactions to occur at body temperature. (C) They are usually unchanged, so can be reused, which increas ...
... (C) negative feedback (D) noncompetitive inhibition (E) none of the above 2092.Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes? (A) They reduce the energy required for most reactions. (B) They allow reactions to occur at body temperature. (C) They are usually unchanged, so can be reused, which increas ...
Section 6 – Catalysis
... Allosteric enzymes have 2 forms – active and inactive When a substance binds to an allosteric site it changes the shape of the active site. ...
... Allosteric enzymes have 2 forms – active and inactive When a substance binds to an allosteric site it changes the shape of the active site. ...
Bio-Energetics - mynoteslibrary
... As we have already mentioned (chapter 2) that ATP is composed of adenine and ribose sugar with 3-phosphate groups. ATP is also called a "high energy compound because its phosphate groups are easily removed. Under cellular condition it produce 7.3 K.Cal/mole on conversion into ADP. Wavy lines between ...
... As we have already mentioned (chapter 2) that ATP is composed of adenine and ribose sugar with 3-phosphate groups. ATP is also called a "high energy compound because its phosphate groups are easily removed. Under cellular condition it produce 7.3 K.Cal/mole on conversion into ADP. Wavy lines between ...
Biochemistry - Austin Community College
... • Complex carbohydrates are called polysaccharides • They are polymers of monosaccharides - long chains of simple sugar units • Polysaccharides have storage and structural roles • The structure and function of a polysaccharide are determined by its sugar monomers and the positions of ...
... • Complex carbohydrates are called polysaccharides • They are polymers of monosaccharides - long chains of simple sugar units • Polysaccharides have storage and structural roles • The structure and function of a polysaccharide are determined by its sugar monomers and the positions of ...
Amino Acid Biosynthesis Student Companion Ch 24 Self Test
... 10) The branchpoint for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis is chorismate. What is the structure of chorismate? What are the three immediate products derived from chorismate that constitute the first unique steps in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids? 11) From where are the two carbons of ...
... 10) The branchpoint for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis is chorismate. What is the structure of chorismate? What are the three immediate products derived from chorismate that constitute the first unique steps in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids? 11) From where are the two carbons of ...
Sept 19th Lecture 4
... Greater energy yield during aerobic breakdown due to: 1.Complete oxidation of C atoms to CO2 2.A high positive reduction potential. A large difference between e- donor and oxygen. (the steepest electron “hill”) ...
... Greater energy yield during aerobic breakdown due to: 1.Complete oxidation of C atoms to CO2 2.A high positive reduction potential. A large difference between e- donor and oxygen. (the steepest electron “hill”) ...
TEKS 8.6 B
... The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems. The student is expected to: (B) identify feedback mechanisms that maintain equilibrium of systems such as body temperature, turgor pressure, and chemical reactions ...
... The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems. The student is expected to: (B) identify feedback mechanisms that maintain equilibrium of systems such as body temperature, turgor pressure, and chemical reactions ...
Exam Name___________________________________
... 34) According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? 34) ______ A) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. B) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the ...
... 34) According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? 34) ______ A) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. B) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the ...
Oxidation-Reduction Enzymes
... enthalpy or Gibbs energy G) than the original reacting substances, and the difference in energy content ∆G may appear as heat or it can be transformed to other kinds of useful energy, e.g. energy of chemical bonds in the reacting system. Many redox reactions in the cell are coupled with the formatio ...
... enthalpy or Gibbs energy G) than the original reacting substances, and the difference in energy content ∆G may appear as heat or it can be transformed to other kinds of useful energy, e.g. energy of chemical bonds in the reacting system. Many redox reactions in the cell are coupled with the formatio ...
추가8
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Crabtree effect S. cerevisiae is the only yeast that can produce ethanol and CO2 in such large quantities S. cerevisiae ferments carbohydrates efficiently and dominates its environment due to the Crabtree effect The Crabtree Effect Unlike most fermenting organis ...
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the Crabtree effect S. cerevisiae is the only yeast that can produce ethanol and CO2 in such large quantities S. cerevisiae ferments carbohydrates efficiently and dominates its environment due to the Crabtree effect The Crabtree Effect Unlike most fermenting organis ...
Chapter 5 – Macromolecules
... •Some monomers have other functions of their own. •The chemical mechanisms that cells use to make and break polymers are similar for all classes of macromolecules. •Monomers are connected by covalent bonds via a condensation reaction or dehydration reaction. •One monomer provides a OH group and the ...
... •Some monomers have other functions of their own. •The chemical mechanisms that cells use to make and break polymers are similar for all classes of macromolecules. •Monomers are connected by covalent bonds via a condensation reaction or dehydration reaction. •One monomer provides a OH group and the ...
Research
... Integrating processes that demonstrate the link amongst genes, proteins, and metabolism allows researchers to analytically answer their scientific questions. XF Technology provides researchers the necessary tools to measure the functional, metabolic impact of gene and protein expression, faster and ...
... Integrating processes that demonstrate the link amongst genes, proteins, and metabolism allows researchers to analytically answer their scientific questions. XF Technology provides researchers the necessary tools to measure the functional, metabolic impact of gene and protein expression, faster and ...
清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸
... Answer(s): B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J 24. Which of the following statements about E. coli promoters are correct? (2 points) A. They may exhibit different transcription efficiencies. B. For most genes they include variants of consensus sequences. C. They specify the start sites for transcription on the D ...
... Answer(s): B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J 24. Which of the following statements about E. coli promoters are correct? (2 points) A. They may exhibit different transcription efficiencies. B. For most genes they include variants of consensus sequences. C. They specify the start sites for transcription on the D ...
Olanzapine Activates Hepatic Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... CA) for 28 days. To avoid concerns of OLZ degradation, the pumps were replaced after 2 weeks (van der Zwaal et al., 2008). The animals were weighed on a weekly basis, and their food consumption was recorded twice per week. After 28 days, the mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (100/15 mg/k ...
... CA) for 28 days. To avoid concerns of OLZ degradation, the pumps were replaced after 2 weeks (van der Zwaal et al., 2008). The animals were weighed on a weekly basis, and their food consumption was recorded twice per week. After 28 days, the mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (100/15 mg/k ...
UNIT 7 Mitochondria and hepatic detoxification
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
link to lesson 4 , directions of reactions
... temperature increases the molecules bounce more rapidly – kinetic energy. The minimum energy needed to start a reaction is called activation energy. ...
... temperature increases the molecules bounce more rapidly – kinetic energy. The minimum energy needed to start a reaction is called activation energy. ...
Fatty Acid Metabolism - University of San Diego Home Pages
... The net yield in ATP currency is: 7 FADH - 14 ATP 8 Acyl-CoA 8 NADH = 72 ATP 7 NADH - 21 ATP 8 FADH = 16 ATP 8 GTP = 8 ATP with 100% efficiency - 131 ATP activation costs of 1 fatty acid - 2 ATP (?) total ATPs from palmitate 107 to 129 Biosynthesis of fatty acids This pathway occurs in the cytosol. ...
... The net yield in ATP currency is: 7 FADH - 14 ATP 8 Acyl-CoA 8 NADH = 72 ATP 7 NADH - 21 ATP 8 FADH = 16 ATP 8 GTP = 8 ATP with 100% efficiency - 131 ATP activation costs of 1 fatty acid - 2 ATP (?) total ATPs from palmitate 107 to 129 Biosynthesis of fatty acids This pathway occurs in the cytosol. ...
Document
... Excess glucose in the blood is absorbed by the liver and muscles Glucose is absorbed by the brain You consume a gigantic bowl of oatmeal (rich in carbs), which is digested and converted into glucose monomers The brain uses glucose for the synthesis of ATP Glucose is used for fatty acid synthesis Glu ...
... Excess glucose in the blood is absorbed by the liver and muscles Glucose is absorbed by the brain You consume a gigantic bowl of oatmeal (rich in carbs), which is digested and converted into glucose monomers The brain uses glucose for the synthesis of ATP Glucose is used for fatty acid synthesis Glu ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑