Creativity Session
... open and calcium flows into the cells An increased calcium level causes activation of phospholipase C, which cleaves the membrane phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and ...
... open and calcium flows into the cells An increased calcium level causes activation of phospholipase C, which cleaves the membrane phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and ...
Chap 4 Study Guide
... Assume you have recently consumed a delicious cheeseburger as a source of body fuel. Also, assume that digestion and absorption into the body was successful such that simple sugars (like glucose) from carbohydrates, triglycerides from lipids, and amino acids from proteins are now present in your bod ...
... Assume you have recently consumed a delicious cheeseburger as a source of body fuel. Also, assume that digestion and absorption into the body was successful such that simple sugars (like glucose) from carbohydrates, triglycerides from lipids, and amino acids from proteins are now present in your bod ...
digestive complete - Anabolic Laboratories
... Short description of enzyme activities Amylases – enzymes which hydrolyze, break apart, large starches into water soluble, simple sugars such as glucose and galactose. These enzymes are present in both saliva and pancreatic secretions and some require calcium to function. Glucoamylase - another ...
... Short description of enzyme activities Amylases – enzymes which hydrolyze, break apart, large starches into water soluble, simple sugars such as glucose and galactose. These enzymes are present in both saliva and pancreatic secretions and some require calcium to function. Glucoamylase - another ...
lecture_22 - WordPress.com
... Fatty acids are oxidized in matrix of mitochondria Activation and transport fatty acids to mitochondria Three enzymatic reactions: Acyl CoA synthetase Carnitine acyl transferase I Carnitine acyl transferase II ...
... Fatty acids are oxidized in matrix of mitochondria Activation and transport fatty acids to mitochondria Three enzymatic reactions: Acyl CoA synthetase Carnitine acyl transferase I Carnitine acyl transferase II ...
4. KETONE BODY METABOLISM
... Acetonemic vomiting and ketotic hypoglycemia are common causes of ketosis and their symptoms includes vomiting and lethargy. Hence if patients with such conditions look serious, especially at the first attack, sufficient metabolic tests should be done. Onsets of acetonemic vomiting and ketotic hypo ...
... Acetonemic vomiting and ketotic hypoglycemia are common causes of ketosis and their symptoms includes vomiting and lethargy. Hence if patients with such conditions look serious, especially at the first attack, sufficient metabolic tests should be done. Onsets of acetonemic vomiting and ketotic hypo ...
Option C - Human biochemistry C.1 Diet-
... C.6.1 Production/Roles: • -ADRENALIN synthesized from amino acid Tyrosine:when exercise is done, impulses are sent for adrenaline to be released into the blood stream. It causes blood to be sent into areas of more active circulation. Increase in volume of blood available. Increase in rate of heart ...
... C.6.1 Production/Roles: • -ADRENALIN synthesized from amino acid Tyrosine:when exercise is done, impulses are sent for adrenaline to be released into the blood stream. It causes blood to be sent into areas of more active circulation. Increase in volume of blood available. Increase in rate of heart ...
Day 2 Summary
... • One of the most stable macromolecules are fats • Because they are so stable, fats (lipids) can be used for long-term energy storage • A second, more important function of lipids in a cell is that they are used to make cellular membranes • There are two alternate forms of lipids that are utilized f ...
... • One of the most stable macromolecules are fats • Because they are so stable, fats (lipids) can be used for long-term energy storage • A second, more important function of lipids in a cell is that they are used to make cellular membranes • There are two alternate forms of lipids that are utilized f ...
The energy-less red blood cell is lost – erythrocyte
... ADP, adenosine diphosphate ATP, adenosine triphosphate BPGM, bisphosphoglycerate mutase CNSHA, chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate F6P, fructose-6-phosphate FBP, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate G6P, glucose-6-phosphate GPI, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase HK, hexokinase ...
... ADP, adenosine diphosphate ATP, adenosine triphosphate BPGM, bisphosphoglycerate mutase CNSHA, chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate F6P, fructose-6-phosphate FBP, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate G6P, glucose-6-phosphate GPI, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase HK, hexokinase ...
Oxygen and the Growth and Metabolism of
... Servo Recorder (Heath (Gloucester) Ltd; Model EUW-2oA) and the E h and pH of the culture were measured with a Radiometer pH meter (Model 25). The growth chamber in the culture vessel was sterilized by overnight treatment with alkaline sodium hypochlorite, and before use was thoroughly washed with st ...
... Servo Recorder (Heath (Gloucester) Ltd; Model EUW-2oA) and the E h and pH of the culture were measured with a Radiometer pH meter (Model 25). The growth chamber in the culture vessel was sterilized by overnight treatment with alkaline sodium hypochlorite, and before use was thoroughly washed with st ...
Molecules - Chapter 2
... acids they make the cis forms Food manufacturers found that foods like chips with the trans form have a longer “shelf ...
... acids they make the cis forms Food manufacturers found that foods like chips with the trans form have a longer “shelf ...
Engineering of Metabolic Pathways and Global Regulators of
... Strategies to Build an EPA Production Strain • Build an efficient EPA biosynthetic pathway - Use of different strong promototers - Codon-optimization of heterologous genes - Multiple copies of structural genes - Focus on limiting steps - Push and pull carbon flux ...
... Strategies to Build an EPA Production Strain • Build an efficient EPA biosynthetic pathway - Use of different strong promototers - Codon-optimization of heterologous genes - Multiple copies of structural genes - Focus on limiting steps - Push and pull carbon flux ...
Enzymes & Photosynthesis
... • Using energy from the proton pump to make energy in the form of ATP. ...
... • Using energy from the proton pump to make energy in the form of ATP. ...
Chapter Eleven - Wright State University
... Step 7 (cont.): The step just shown is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation—direct transfer of a (P) from a compound to ADP to form ATP. (This differs from oxidative phosphorylation, where a free phosphate ion in solution (Pi) is attached to ADP to form ATP.) Step 8: The compound is rearran ...
... Step 7 (cont.): The step just shown is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation—direct transfer of a (P) from a compound to ADP to form ATP. (This differs from oxidative phosphorylation, where a free phosphate ion in solution (Pi) is attached to ADP to form ATP.) Step 8: The compound is rearran ...
The Physiological Roles of Enzymes
... • Patients who have had a heart attack or stroke are frequently treated by intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or streptokinase, enzymes that break down fibrin clots that clog blood vessels. ...
... • Patients who have had a heart attack or stroke are frequently treated by intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or streptokinase, enzymes that break down fibrin clots that clog blood vessels. ...
Lecture 4
... - Ubiquitous (nearly; including ectotherms) – prevent membrane potential getting to high? ...
... - Ubiquitous (nearly; including ectotherms) – prevent membrane potential getting to high? ...
Cellular Respiration
... The main energy-yielding foods, carbohydrates and fats, are reservoirs of electrons associated with hydrogen. These molecules are stable because of the barrier of activation energy. Without this barrier, a food molecule like glucose would combine almost instantaneously with O2. o If activation energ ...
... The main energy-yielding foods, carbohydrates and fats, are reservoirs of electrons associated with hydrogen. These molecules are stable because of the barrier of activation energy. Without this barrier, a food molecule like glucose would combine almost instantaneously with O2. o If activation energ ...
BIO 1 ESSAY QUESTIONS – EXAM 1
... Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. State: A) where each step takes place in a cell, B) what inputs enter into each step, C) and what outputs come out of each step. 5. A) Describe what Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (Fermentation) is. B) State why organisms would us this met ...
... Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. State: A) where each step takes place in a cell, B) what inputs enter into each step, C) and what outputs come out of each step. 5. A) Describe what Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (Fermentation) is. B) State why organisms would us this met ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies OXIDATION OF FATTY
... Very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase facilitates the oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (e.g., C20, C22). These enzymes are induced by high-fat diets and by hypolipidemic drugs such as Clofibrate. ß-oxidation takes place and ends at octanoyl-CoA. It is subsequently removed from the peroxisomes ...
... Very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase facilitates the oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (e.g., C20, C22). These enzymes are induced by high-fat diets and by hypolipidemic drugs such as Clofibrate. ß-oxidation takes place and ends at octanoyl-CoA. It is subsequently removed from the peroxisomes ...
Slide 1
... animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteria. Energy capture by photosynthesis occurs only in plants, algae, and some bacteria ...
... animals, fungi, protists, and most bacteria. Energy capture by photosynthesis occurs only in plants, algae, and some bacteria ...
Product Information Sheet - Sigma
... The sodium salt is water soluble, routinely yielding a clear solution at 50 mg/ml. This solution is mildly acidic (pH approximately 3.5). Neutral ATP solutions stored frozen are stable for at least one year. A refrigerated solution would be stable for at least one week (see special concerns regardin ...
... The sodium salt is water soluble, routinely yielding a clear solution at 50 mg/ml. This solution is mildly acidic (pH approximately 3.5). Neutral ATP solutions stored frozen are stable for at least one year. A refrigerated solution would be stable for at least one week (see special concerns regardin ...
An Introduction to Metabolism and Energetics
... • Two molecules NADH pass electrons to FAD • Via intermediate in intermembrane space • To CoQ and electron transport system • Producing an additional 4 ATP molecules ...
... • Two molecules NADH pass electrons to FAD • Via intermediate in intermembrane space • To CoQ and electron transport system • Producing an additional 4 ATP molecules ...
Week - The University of Sydney
... When can I use the Computer Facility? There are 20 Macintosh computers in the laboratory. You may use the computer facility on any day from 9.30 am - 5 pm. Computers may ONLY be used for Biochemistry-specific work. In particular, the printers must NOT be used to print out any material that is not d ...
... When can I use the Computer Facility? There are 20 Macintosh computers in the laboratory. You may use the computer facility on any day from 9.30 am - 5 pm. Computers may ONLY be used for Biochemistry-specific work. In particular, the printers must NOT be used to print out any material that is not d ...
lactic acid ENG.cdr
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
Sugar Metabolism in Yeasts: an Overview of Aerobic and Anaerobic
... Once inside the cell, glucose is phosphorylated by kinases to glucose 6-phosphate and then isomerized to fructose 6-phosphate, by phosphoglucose isomerase. The next enzyme is phosphofructokinase, which is subject to regulation by several metabolites, and further phosphorilates fructose 6-phosphate t ...
... Once inside the cell, glucose is phosphorylated by kinases to glucose 6-phosphate and then isomerized to fructose 6-phosphate, by phosphoglucose isomerase. The next enzyme is phosphofructokinase, which is subject to regulation by several metabolites, and further phosphorilates fructose 6-phosphate t ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑