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Repeat proteins challenge the concept of structural domains
... It was early on noted that many natural proteins typically collapse stretches of amino acid chains into compact units, defining structural domains [1]. These domains typically correlate with biological activities and many modern proteins can be described as composed by novel ‘domain arrangements’ [2 ...
... It was early on noted that many natural proteins typically collapse stretches of amino acid chains into compact units, defining structural domains [1]. These domains typically correlate with biological activities and many modern proteins can be described as composed by novel ‘domain arrangements’ [2 ...
RTS™ pIVEX E. coli His-tag 2nd Generation Vector Set Manual
... Selecting the cloning strategy In general, the Nco I/Sma I restriction site combination is recommended for cloning into pIVEX vectors, since this approach provides optimal flexibility to switch into all available pIVEX vectors and normally results in good expression efficiencies. Once a PCR fragment ...
... Selecting the cloning strategy In general, the Nco I/Sma I restriction site combination is recommended for cloning into pIVEX vectors, since this approach provides optimal flexibility to switch into all available pIVEX vectors and normally results in good expression efficiencies. Once a PCR fragment ...
Chapter 27 Presentation
... Phototrophs-obtain energy from light. Chemotrophs-obtain energy from chemicals in the environment. Autotrophs-only need CO2 as a carbon source, they make everything else they need ...
... Phototrophs-obtain energy from light. Chemotrophs-obtain energy from chemicals in the environment. Autotrophs-only need CO2 as a carbon source, they make everything else they need ...
The maize ID1 flowering time regulator is a zinc finger protein with
... using the same protocol as described above. Full-length id1 cDNA was used as template in the ®rst and second PCR ampli®cations. In the ®rst PCR, the forward primer IDEcoRIF and reverse primers containing the desired mutation were used. In the second PCR, the forward primers, the complement sequence ...
... using the same protocol as described above. Full-length id1 cDNA was used as template in the ®rst and second PCR ampli®cations. In the ®rst PCR, the forward primer IDEcoRIF and reverse primers containing the desired mutation were used. In the second PCR, the forward primers, the complement sequence ...
Prediction of mitochondrial proteins of malaria parasite
... protein provides more information than composition of whole protein (Kumar et al. 2006). Based on this observation, methods have been developed using split amino acid composition (Verma et al. 2008). In SAAC, first sequence is divided in parts then composition of each part is computed separately and ...
... protein provides more information than composition of whole protein (Kumar et al. 2006). Based on this observation, methods have been developed using split amino acid composition (Verma et al. 2008). In SAAC, first sequence is divided in parts then composition of each part is computed separately and ...
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... periodicity as that of somite formation. This periodicity is species specific; in chick it is 90 min, in mouse 120 min and in humans 4-5 h (Dequeant and Pourquie, 2008). The majority of known clock genes belong to the Notch pathway (reviewed by Dequéant and Pourquié, 2008; Gibb et al., 2010; Kageyam ...
... periodicity as that of somite formation. This periodicity is species specific; in chick it is 90 min, in mouse 120 min and in humans 4-5 h (Dequeant and Pourquie, 2008). The majority of known clock genes belong to the Notch pathway (reviewed by Dequéant and Pourquié, 2008; Gibb et al., 2010; Kageyam ...
Intracellular localization of NDH II - Journal of Cell Science
... into the cytoplasm when transcription is inhibited (Piñol-Roma and Dreyfuss, 1992). A similar effect was also observed for NDH II after treatment of cells with actinomycin D (Fig. 1B). However, following transcriptional inhibition the increased cytoplasmic signal of NDH II was less apparent than tha ...
... into the cytoplasm when transcription is inhibited (Piñol-Roma and Dreyfuss, 1992). A similar effect was also observed for NDH II after treatment of cells with actinomycin D (Fig. 1B). However, following transcriptional inhibition the increased cytoplasmic signal of NDH II was less apparent than tha ...
Anti-Human Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) (C3960)
... The amino acid sequence of human CNTF has 85% homology to rat and rabbit CNTF.2 CNTF was initially identified as a trophic factor for embryonic chick ciliary parasympathetic neurons. CNTF also is a survival factor for developing ciliary ganglionic neurons.2 ...
... The amino acid sequence of human CNTF has 85% homology to rat and rabbit CNTF.2 CNTF was initially identified as a trophic factor for embryonic chick ciliary parasympathetic neurons. CNTF also is a survival factor for developing ciliary ganglionic neurons.2 ...
Silk-inspired polymers and proteins - Pure
... (derivatives of phenoxathiin or xanthene) that templated parallel or antiparallel β-sheet formation of 2 pendant GlyAlaGlyAla tetrapeptides, linked to flexible blocks (of short alkane or ethylene glycol chains). Films cast from formic acid solution were β-sheet rich but very brittle [12, 13]. Replac ...
... (derivatives of phenoxathiin or xanthene) that templated parallel or antiparallel β-sheet formation of 2 pendant GlyAlaGlyAla tetrapeptides, linked to flexible blocks (of short alkane or ethylene glycol chains). Films cast from formic acid solution were β-sheet rich but very brittle [12, 13]. Replac ...
Lactobacilli carry cryptic genes encoding peptidase
... promoter region. Northern analysis of pep0 mRNA revealed a 1.1kb transcript indicating that pepQ forms a monocistronic transcriptional unit. Under the growth conditions used, no evidence was obtained t h a t orfZ was expressed, either by mRNA size determination in Northern analysis or by primer exte ...
... promoter region. Northern analysis of pep0 mRNA revealed a 1.1kb transcript indicating that pepQ forms a monocistronic transcriptional unit. Under the growth conditions used, no evidence was obtained t h a t orfZ was expressed, either by mRNA size determination in Northern analysis or by primer exte ...
Chapter 1 Non-Canonical Amino Acids in Protein Engineering
... are termed “sense” codons. The remaining three “nonsense” or “stop” codons encode termination signals that halt protein synthesis. An old technology that has enjoyed a recent resurgence involves reassignment of sense codons in the in vivo expression of recombinant proteins. Through appropriate engin ...
... are termed “sense” codons. The remaining three “nonsense” or “stop” codons encode termination signals that halt protein synthesis. An old technology that has enjoyed a recent resurgence involves reassignment of sense codons in the in vivo expression of recombinant proteins. Through appropriate engin ...
Characterisation of the diol dehydratase pdu operon of Lactobacillus
... the degrees of homologies observed with other dehydratases, the molecular mass deduced from the ORFs as well as the genetic environment of these genes showed that this protein is rather a diol dehydratase than a glycerol dehydratase. Therefore, the name previously used to design the gene, dha [10], ...
... the degrees of homologies observed with other dehydratases, the molecular mass deduced from the ORFs as well as the genetic environment of these genes showed that this protein is rather a diol dehydratase than a glycerol dehydratase. Therefore, the name previously used to design the gene, dha [10], ...
Evolutionary Relationships and Protein Domain Architecture in an
... lower eukaryotes. Genetic evidence shows that many of these atypical calpains are, like conventional calpains, involved in signal transduction cascades, tissue differentiation, and sex determination. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the calpain-like protein TRA-3 is involved in a pathway leading to female ...
... lower eukaryotes. Genetic evidence shows that many of these atypical calpains are, like conventional calpains, involved in signal transduction cascades, tissue differentiation, and sex determination. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the calpain-like protein TRA-3 is involved in a pathway leading to female ...
video slide
... strand that is produced is called complementary DNA or cDNA. – This cDNA represents only part of the genome – This is advantageous for; • Studying the genes responsible for specialized functions of a particular type of cells such as brain or liver cells. • In addition by making cDNA library from cel ...
... strand that is produced is called complementary DNA or cDNA. – This cDNA represents only part of the genome – This is advantageous for; • Studying the genes responsible for specialized functions of a particular type of cells such as brain or liver cells. • In addition by making cDNA library from cel ...
COMBINATION COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE AMINO ACID AND A
... [0014] AKT is a serine/threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B (PKB). Activation of AKT occurs through direct binding of the inositol lipid products of the PI3K to its pleckstrin homology domain. PI3K-dependent activation of AKT also occurs through phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK1)-m ...
... [0014] AKT is a serine/threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B (PKB). Activation of AKT occurs through direct binding of the inositol lipid products of the PI3K to its pleckstrin homology domain. PI3K-dependent activation of AKT also occurs through phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK1)-m ...
Sulfur Metabolism in Escherichia coli and Related Bacteria: Facts
... et al., 1998). This is why the synthesis of this latter molecule is also linked with hydrolysis of the ß,γ bond of GTP, which favors the reaction of sulfate incorporation (105-fold with respect to the reaction in absence of GTP). The coupling of the synthesis of APS with GTP hydrolysis displaces the ...
... et al., 1998). This is why the synthesis of this latter molecule is also linked with hydrolysis of the ß,γ bond of GTP, which favors the reaction of sulfate incorporation (105-fold with respect to the reaction in absence of GTP). The coupling of the synthesis of APS with GTP hydrolysis displaces the ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... round of chain extension, a variable set of modifying enzymes can locally introduce structural variety. Similar to the nonribosomal synthesis of peptides, the PKS multienzyme system uses acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) that are posttranslationally modified with the 4⬘-phosphopantetheine prosthetic grou ...
... round of chain extension, a variable set of modifying enzymes can locally introduce structural variety. Similar to the nonribosomal synthesis of peptides, the PKS multienzyme system uses acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) that are posttranslationally modified with the 4⬘-phosphopantetheine prosthetic grou ...
Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Phospholipid
... a Glu aligning with this position but instead has Ala or Ser, which have smaller side chains. Lipases, as well as HsLCAT, contain a so-called lid domain which is closed by a disulfide bridge. The lid structure occurs between the two Cys, C74 and C98, at the N- and C- terminal parts of the segment in ...
... a Glu aligning with this position but instead has Ala or Ser, which have smaller side chains. Lipases, as well as HsLCAT, contain a so-called lid domain which is closed by a disulfide bridge. The lid structure occurs between the two Cys, C74 and C98, at the N- and C- terminal parts of the segment in ...
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
... of detectable photons is fundamental to the high sensitivity of fluorescence detection techniques. For polyatomic molecules in solution, the discrete electronic transitions represented by hνEX and hνEM in Figure 1 are replaced by rather broad energy spectra called the fluorescence excitation spectr ...
... of detectable photons is fundamental to the high sensitivity of fluorescence detection techniques. For polyatomic molecules in solution, the discrete electronic transitions represented by hνEX and hνEM in Figure 1 are replaced by rather broad energy spectra called the fluorescence excitation spectr ...
Isolating, Cloning, and Sequencing DNA
... ends of each fragment (Figure 8-21). Ends of this type are known as cohesive ends, as each tail can form complementary base pairs with the tail at any other end produced by the same enzyme (Figure 8-22). The cohesive ends generated by restriction enzymes allow any two DNA fragments to be easily join ...
... ends of each fragment (Figure 8-21). Ends of this type are known as cohesive ends, as each tail can form complementary base pairs with the tail at any other end produced by the same enzyme (Figure 8-22). The cohesive ends generated by restriction enzymes allow any two DNA fragments to be easily join ...
A Simple Introduction to NCBI BLAST
... When we design a BLAST search, there are three basic decisions we must make: the BLAST program we wish to use, the query sequence we want to annotate, and the database we want to search. In addition, there are several optional parameters (such as the „expect‟ threshold and other scoring parameters) ...
... When we design a BLAST search, there are three basic decisions we must make: the BLAST program we wish to use, the query sequence we want to annotate, and the database we want to search. In addition, there are several optional parameters (such as the „expect‟ threshold and other scoring parameters) ...
The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous
... to be the usual host of T7) suggests that T7 genes are not so well adapted as E.coli's own genes, although there is clearly some adaptation (19,20). This seems to be confirmed by contrasting the distribution of CAI values for T7 genes with those of E.coli (Figure 1). However, the difference seen in ...
... to be the usual host of T7) suggests that T7 genes are not so well adapted as E.coli's own genes, although there is clearly some adaptation (19,20). This seems to be confirmed by contrasting the distribution of CAI values for T7 genes with those of E.coli (Figure 1). However, the difference seen in ...
Indinavir inhibits sterol-regulatory element-binding protein
... increases the risk of cardiovascular complications [5,6]. Recent studies revealed that HAART-related adverse effects are common and persist in patients remaining on ...
... increases the risk of cardiovascular complications [5,6]. Recent studies revealed that HAART-related adverse effects are common and persist in patients remaining on ...
Proteomic Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Biofilms
... A central question in these studies is how planktonic bacteria alter their gene and protein expression patterns to adapt to biofilm colony formation. In the most heavily studied biofilm organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa [17,18,19,20], as well as in other organisms such as Escherichia coli [21,22,23,2 ...
... A central question in these studies is how planktonic bacteria alter their gene and protein expression patterns to adapt to biofilm colony formation. In the most heavily studied biofilm organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa [17,18,19,20], as well as in other organisms such as Escherichia coli [21,22,23,2 ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.