chapter 1: exploring life
... Atoms and Molecules 4. Draw and label a simplified model of an atom. Explain how this model simplifies our understanding of atomic structure. 5. Distinguish between each of the following pairs of terms: neutron and proton atomic number and mass number atomic weight and mass number 6. Explain how the ...
... Atoms and Molecules 4. Draw and label a simplified model of an atom. Explain how this model simplifies our understanding of atomic structure. 5. Distinguish between each of the following pairs of terms: neutron and proton atomic number and mass number atomic weight and mass number 6. Explain how the ...
Metabolism of sucrose and its five isomers by
... by Tn10 and the asc operon is cryptic. Cells of E. coli PEP43(pCB4.11) (" 25 g wet weight) were resuspended with 40 ml TNM buffer, and the organisms were disrupted by 2i1n5 min sonication with a Branson model 350 instrument. The preparation was clarified by ultracentrifugation (180 000 g for 2 h at ...
... by Tn10 and the asc operon is cryptic. Cells of E. coli PEP43(pCB4.11) (" 25 g wet weight) were resuspended with 40 ml TNM buffer, and the organisms were disrupted by 2i1n5 min sonication with a Branson model 350 instrument. The preparation was clarified by ultracentrifugation (180 000 g for 2 h at ...
Standard for the presentation of nucleotide and amino acid
... “amino acids” are those L-amino acids commonly found in naturally occurring proteins and are listed in Appendix 2, Table 3. Those amino acid sequences containing at least one D-amino acid are not intended to be embraced by this definition. Any amino acid sequence that contains post-translationally m ...
... “amino acids” are those L-amino acids commonly found in naturally occurring proteins and are listed in Appendix 2, Table 3. Those amino acid sequences containing at least one D-amino acid are not intended to be embraced by this definition. Any amino acid sequence that contains post-translationally m ...
Molecular Clocks
... The rate of this reaction is preset by the sequence and structure of the peptide or protein and associated peptides or proteins as genetically specified in the DNA. The rate may also be modified by changes in protein structure and solvent conditions in-vivo. This rate can be set to have a half-time ...
... The rate of this reaction is preset by the sequence and structure of the peptide or protein and associated peptides or proteins as genetically specified in the DNA. The rate may also be modified by changes in protein structure and solvent conditions in-vivo. This rate can be set to have a half-time ...
Virology Journal
... out of 52 (69%) of the ORFs for phages eiAU, eiDWF, and eiMSLS, respectively, share significant sequence similarity to known protein sequences contained in the GenBank nr/nt database (Table 1). Of the ORFs with significant sequence similarity to sequences in GenBank, putative functions could only be ...
... out of 52 (69%) of the ORFs for phages eiAU, eiDWF, and eiMSLS, respectively, share significant sequence similarity to known protein sequences contained in the GenBank nr/nt database (Table 1). Of the ORFs with significant sequence similarity to sequences in GenBank, putative functions could only be ...
Vaccinia Virus G1L Protein Expression and Purification
... The protease G1L is a promising target for antiviral drugs because of their lack of homology to human enzymes ...
... The protease G1L is a promising target for antiviral drugs because of their lack of homology to human enzymes ...
Reactivation of Creatine Kinase by Dithiothreitol Prior to Use
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
Proteolytic processing in the secretory pathway of Aspergillus niger
... proteases. A brief explanation of these four groups is given here; a more elaborate description is given by van den Hombergh (1996). Each group has a different proteolytic mechanism and therefore different enzymatic characteristics and inhibitors. The cysteine proteases are a rare group of proteases ...
... proteases. A brief explanation of these four groups is given here; a more elaborate description is given by van den Hombergh (1996). Each group has a different proteolytic mechanism and therefore different enzymatic characteristics and inhibitors. The cysteine proteases are a rare group of proteases ...
The Anaerobic (Class III) Ribonucleotide Reductase from Lactococcus lactis
... mutants in the L. lactis nrdD gene were still able to grow well under standard anaerobic growth conditions and then overproduced the NrdEF proteins (3). There are three classes of ribonucleotide reductases that differ in their protein structure (see recent reviews in Refs. 2 and 5– 8). All operate v ...
... mutants in the L. lactis nrdD gene were still able to grow well under standard anaerobic growth conditions and then overproduced the NrdEF proteins (3). There are three classes of ribonucleotide reductases that differ in their protein structure (see recent reviews in Refs. 2 and 5– 8). All operate v ...
Exon skipping and reading through stop codons
... patients. A child is not a big mouse! Splice sites are specific sequences at the borders of exons and introns which are essential for the correct removal of the non-coding intron sequences from the premRNA. The splicing itself is accomplished by spliceosomes, a complex of many small RNAs and protein ...
... patients. A child is not a big mouse! Splice sites are specific sequences at the borders of exons and introns which are essential for the correct removal of the non-coding intron sequences from the premRNA. The splicing itself is accomplished by spliceosomes, a complex of many small RNAs and protein ...
Amino acid residues that determine functional specificity of NADP
... them in a number of technical details, which make SDPpred procedure more reliable and fully automated: SDPpred takes into account evolutionary and physicochemical similarities of amino acids enclosed in amino acid substitution matrices; it corrects the statistics basing on real evolutionary distance ...
... them in a number of technical details, which make SDPpred procedure more reliable and fully automated: SDPpred takes into account evolutionary and physicochemical similarities of amino acids enclosed in amino acid substitution matrices; it corrects the statistics basing on real evolutionary distance ...
A Guide to the Analysis and Purification of Proteins and
... reacted with the silica (the surface of which consists of polar silanol groups) to attach the hydrocarbon to the silica surface (Figure 9). The organosilane molecules do not react with every silanol on the silica surface because of steric hindrance and a significant number of polar silanols remain o ...
... reacted with the silica (the surface of which consists of polar silanol groups) to attach the hydrocarbon to the silica surface (Figure 9). The organosilane molecules do not react with every silanol on the silica surface because of steric hindrance and a significant number of polar silanols remain o ...
pdf file - College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences
... 1991; Liu and Meyerowitz, 1995). Using GUS reporter genes fused to the cis-regulatory sequences of AG, the expression of the AG::GUS reporter genes was examined in lug and ap2 mutants. This analysis indicated that LUG and AP2 regulate AG expression at the level of transcription through the second in ...
... 1991; Liu and Meyerowitz, 1995). Using GUS reporter genes fused to the cis-regulatory sequences of AG, the expression of the AG::GUS reporter genes was examined in lug and ap2 mutants. This analysis indicated that LUG and AP2 regulate AG expression at the level of transcription through the second in ...
CH Zinc Fingers As DNA Binding Domains
... to the cognate DNA duplexes. The protein molecules of the DNA complex are usually associated with other transcription factors that bind to different domains on the zinc finger protein, or to different parts of the zinc fingers. The C2H2 zinc finger motif contains all the information necessary for it ...
... to the cognate DNA duplexes. The protein molecules of the DNA complex are usually associated with other transcription factors that bind to different domains on the zinc finger protein, or to different parts of the zinc fingers. The C2H2 zinc finger motif contains all the information necessary for it ...
Purified Hexameric Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded BARF1 Protein for Measuring Anti-BARF1 Antibody
... Sera from NPC patients and healthy EBV carriers. Serum panels from histologically confirmed NPC patients (n ⫽ 155) were collected at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. NPC sera were taken prior to treatment. NPC staging was done by EN ...
... Sera from NPC patients and healthy EBV carriers. Serum panels from histologically confirmed NPC patients (n ⫽ 155) were collected at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. NPC sera were taken prior to treatment. NPC staging was done by EN ...
Tendency for Local Repetitiveness in Amino Acid Usages in Modern
... they have a repetitiveness score ( 1.15 or above) signi®cantly higher than 1.0 even at far distal locations. Although we have not investigated the cause as yet, one possibility may be that amino acid composition is different among the neural proteins, because some (e.g. ion channels) contain many h ...
... they have a repetitiveness score ( 1.15 or above) signi®cantly higher than 1.0 even at far distal locations. Although we have not investigated the cause as yet, one possibility may be that amino acid composition is different among the neural proteins, because some (e.g. ion channels) contain many h ...
The Amino Acid Sequence Contains Leucine-Rich
... chromatography steps. The previous method^'^“^ required many dialysis steps using various buffers before each chromatography. W e used only one buffer system through all chromatographies, and all the procedures can be easily done within 4 days. As to the yield, we can easily purify 200 pg of GPV fro ...
... chromatography steps. The previous method^'^“^ required many dialysis steps using various buffers before each chromatography. W e used only one buffer system through all chromatographies, and all the procedures can be easily done within 4 days. As to the yield, we can easily purify 200 pg of GPV fro ...
Identification of a C-terminal Poly(A)-binding Protein (PABP)
... This plasmid was then digested with XhoI and ClaI, treated with T4 DNA polymerase, and then either religated (distance 86) or ligated with either one or two copies of the 40-nt StuI/SacII fragment obtained from the human PABP cDNA 5⬘-UTR (distances 126 and 166). All plasmid constructions were confir ...
... This plasmid was then digested with XhoI and ClaI, treated with T4 DNA polymerase, and then either religated (distance 86) or ligated with either one or two copies of the 40-nt StuI/SacII fragment obtained from the human PABP cDNA 5⬘-UTR (distances 126 and 166). All plasmid constructions were confir ...
Mutations lowering the phosphatase activity of HPr kinase
... activity were ampli®ed by PCR and entirely sequenced. In all cases, at least one mutation could be detected in the hprK genes. These mutations are listed in Table II. The hprK alleles integrated in strains TG102 and M181A contained three and two mutations, respectively, and were not analyzed further ...
... activity were ampli®ed by PCR and entirely sequenced. In all cases, at least one mutation could be detected in the hprK genes. These mutations are listed in Table II. The hprK alleles integrated in strains TG102 and M181A contained three and two mutations, respectively, and were not analyzed further ...
Tangping Li, Ke Fan, Jun Wang and Wei Wang Reduction of protein
... proteins (distribution of residues) have reached their equilibrium during their long evolutionary history, and most proteins comply with this distribution of compositions for all residues. Thus, the average compositions of 20 types of amino acids from a radical protein sequence database SWISS-PROT ( ...
... proteins (distribution of residues) have reached their equilibrium during their long evolutionary history, and most proteins comply with this distribution of compositions for all residues. Thus, the average compositions of 20 types of amino acids from a radical protein sequence database SWISS-PROT ( ...
Interrogating the Function of Metazoan Histones using
... for carriers of epigenetic information because they can fulfill both of these criteria. First, histone proteins have the potential to be dynamic regulators of genome activity because they are subject to a broad range of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, ...
... for carriers of epigenetic information because they can fulfill both of these criteria. First, histone proteins have the potential to be dynamic regulators of genome activity because they are subject to a broad range of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, ...
Dietary Branched-chain Amino Acids Suppress the Expression of
... examined changes in insulin levels in the early stages of feeding, the relation of insulin levels in the early feeding period to pancreatic amylase activity cannot be determined due to large variation in insulin levels (data not shown). Because exogenous insulin10–12) and endogenous insulin from tra ...
... examined changes in insulin levels in the early stages of feeding, the relation of insulin levels in the early feeding period to pancreatic amylase activity cannot be determined due to large variation in insulin levels (data not shown). Because exogenous insulin10–12) and endogenous insulin from tra ...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
... showing comparisons among soybean, oats, and amaranth in relation to nutritional, structural, and functional properties (Gorinstein, 1993; Marcone and Yada, 1992; Segura-Nieto et al., 1994). To date, there is no information on the relative stability and structure of cereal-like plant proteins, such ...
... showing comparisons among soybean, oats, and amaranth in relation to nutritional, structural, and functional properties (Gorinstein, 1993; Marcone and Yada, 1992; Segura-Nieto et al., 1994). To date, there is no information on the relative stability and structure of cereal-like plant proteins, such ...
University of Groningen Lactococcus lactis systems biology Eckhardt
... Transcriptomics is a technology used in molecular biology research to uncover expression profiles of all genes in a specific cell type or in (sub)populations of cells at a given moment in time. The gene and promoter activity is expressed as the number of transcripts or messenger RNAs (mRNAs). With t ...
... Transcriptomics is a technology used in molecular biology research to uncover expression profiles of all genes in a specific cell type or in (sub)populations of cells at a given moment in time. The gene and promoter activity is expressed as the number of transcripts or messenger RNAs (mRNAs). With t ...
proposal-aug25
... domains. To estimate the expected number of false positives identified in the cluster analysis we will repeat the clustering on the motifs identified in simulated disordered proteins. These computational studies will be performed by a PhD student in the Moses lab in the first years of the project. T ...
... domains. To estimate the expected number of false positives identified in the cluster analysis we will repeat the clustering on the motifs identified in simulated disordered proteins. These computational studies will be performed by a PhD student in the Moses lab in the first years of the project. T ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.