A Survey of Left-handed Helices in Protein Structures
... studied systematically, and not much is known about left-handed helices other than that they are very rare. Stretches of amino acids with unusual backbone conformations (e.g. left-handed helices) often appear at ligand-binding sites, protein–protein interfaces or other functional sites. It has been ...
... studied systematically, and not much is known about left-handed helices other than that they are very rare. Stretches of amino acids with unusual backbone conformations (e.g. left-handed helices) often appear at ligand-binding sites, protein–protein interfaces or other functional sites. It has been ...
Evidence from glycine transfer RNA of a frozen accident at the dawn
... A37 has been replaced by G, perhaps because of a general increase in G+C content in the tRNA and rRNA of these species [18]. There are three other sequences not containing an anticodon loop CCA that appear to be isolated examples, but in these cases their origin is unclear. Schimmel's experimental w ...
... A37 has been replaced by G, perhaps because of a general increase in G+C content in the tRNA and rRNA of these species [18]. There are three other sequences not containing an anticodon loop CCA that appear to be isolated examples, but in these cases their origin is unclear. Schimmel's experimental w ...
Introduction to Protein Structure
... •are amino acid sidechain dihedral angles, numbered 1, 2, 3,... going outward from C atom •different numbers of -angles depending on amino acid type •are usually defined as low energy side-chain conformations. •the use of a library of rotamers allows the modeling of a structure while trying the ...
... •are amino acid sidechain dihedral angles, numbered 1, 2, 3,... going outward from C atom •different numbers of -angles depending on amino acid type •are usually defined as low energy side-chain conformations. •the use of a library of rotamers allows the modeling of a structure while trying the ...
The regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor
... often existed in solid tumors, is an important factor to induce LIF overexpression in human tumors. In addition to hypoxia, TGF-β has been reported to induce the expression of LIF mRNA in both tumor cells and fibroblasts, and increase the production and secretion of LIF protein. In turn, LIF promote ...
... often existed in solid tumors, is an important factor to induce LIF overexpression in human tumors. In addition to hypoxia, TGF-β has been reported to induce the expression of LIF mRNA in both tumor cells and fibroblasts, and increase the production and secretion of LIF protein. In turn, LIF promote ...
AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES, AND PROTEINS
... roteins are the most abundant biological macromolecules, occurring in all cells and all parts of cells. Proteins also occur in great variety; thousands of different kinds, ranging in size from relatively small peptides to huge polymers with molecular weights in the millions, may be found in a single ...
... roteins are the most abundant biological macromolecules, occurring in all cells and all parts of cells. Proteins also occur in great variety; thousands of different kinds, ranging in size from relatively small peptides to huge polymers with molecular weights in the millions, may be found in a single ...
Structure and Function of Large Bio Molecules
... An immense variety of polymers can be built from a small number of monomers. • Each cell has thousands of different kinds of macromolecules. • Macromolecules vary among cells of the same individual. They vary more among unrelated individuals of a species, and even more between species. • This divers ...
... An immense variety of polymers can be built from a small number of monomers. • Each cell has thousands of different kinds of macromolecules. • Macromolecules vary among cells of the same individual. They vary more among unrelated individuals of a species, and even more between species. • This divers ...
UNIT- V - Bhoj University
... cells, liver cells, stomach cells, and the list goes on. All of these cells have unique functions and features. And all have some recognizable similarities. All cells have an outer covering called the plasma membrane, protecting it from the outside environment. The cell membrane regulates the moveme ...
... cells, liver cells, stomach cells, and the list goes on. All of these cells have unique functions and features. And all have some recognizable similarities. All cells have an outer covering called the plasma membrane, protecting it from the outside environment. The cell membrane regulates the moveme ...
The Role of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase in Plant Mitochondria
... the serine residue cannot be excluded (Shen et al., 2006). It is possible that the serine phosphorylation results in conformational changes of NDPK, resulting in opening of the groove to make phosphorylation of the conserved histidine possible. In paper II we describe the residues involved in serine ...
... the serine residue cannot be excluded (Shen et al., 2006). It is possible that the serine phosphorylation results in conformational changes of NDPK, resulting in opening of the groove to make phosphorylation of the conserved histidine possible. In paper II we describe the residues involved in serine ...
Maternal mRNAs are regulated by diverse P body
... Hubbard and Greenstein, 2000). Most maternal mRNAs are transcribed by early-stage germ nuclei and distribute throughout the gonad but are translated in very specific temporal and spatial patterns (Fig. 1 A). For example, mRNA for the Notch receptor GLP-1 is translated only in the distal gonad tip an ...
... Hubbard and Greenstein, 2000). Most maternal mRNAs are transcribed by early-stage germ nuclei and distribute throughout the gonad but are translated in very specific temporal and spatial patterns (Fig. 1 A). For example, mRNA for the Notch receptor GLP-1 is translated only in the distal gonad tip an ...
Feeding Lysine: A Nutritionist and Dairy Producer`s Perspective
... Increasing metabolizable Lys levels in deficient diets can occur through increasing microbial protein production (microbial protein is high in Lys and has an AA profile very near that of milk protein) or by feeding feeds with high RUP and rich in Lys (blood meal, fish meal, processed soybeans, and s ...
... Increasing metabolizable Lys levels in deficient diets can occur through increasing microbial protein production (microbial protein is high in Lys and has an AA profile very near that of milk protein) or by feeding feeds with high RUP and rich in Lys (blood meal, fish meal, processed soybeans, and s ...
Coordinated concentration changes of transcript and metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
... metabolites that show similar dynamics tend to be biologically related: although instances of relationships between the concentrations of metabolites and related biosynthetic enzymes have been described [9,16], other systems-level studies have noted that the majority of individual gene–metabolite co ...
... metabolites that show similar dynamics tend to be biologically related: although instances of relationships between the concentrations of metabolites and related biosynthetic enzymes have been described [9,16], other systems-level studies have noted that the majority of individual gene–metabolite co ...
A role for interleukin-1 in epidermal differentiation
... peroxidase substrate for 20 minutes. Finally, the sections were counter-stained with hematoxylin for histologic representation. ...
... peroxidase substrate for 20 minutes. Finally, the sections were counter-stained with hematoxylin for histologic representation. ...
(Chapter 13): Translation of mRNA
... So it is more accurate to say a structural gene encodes a polypeptide In eukaryotes, alternative splicing means that a structural gene can encode many different polypeptides ...
... So it is more accurate to say a structural gene encodes a polypeptide In eukaryotes, alternative splicing means that a structural gene can encode many different polypeptides ...
AraC Protein, Regulation of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia
... half-sites as only a single subunit of AraC contacts each. They form what is sometimes referred to as the I site. O1 consists of two half-sites and serves as an operator to the pC promoter, whereas O2 is a single half-site. The single CAP site serves both the pC and the pBAD promoters. ...
... half-sites as only a single subunit of AraC contacts each. They form what is sometimes referred to as the I site. O1 consists of two half-sites and serves as an operator to the pC promoter, whereas O2 is a single half-site. The single CAP site serves both the pC and the pBAD promoters. ...
cell biology - Bio
... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the p ...
... No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the p ...
Comparison of conserved structural and regulatory domains within
... structure models were then made with RNAdraw for each sequence. These models enabled us to validate the alignment of conserved domains such as D1, D1h, D2, D3, D4 and box A, and to deduce their roles in the formation of the structure of the transcript or in the control of transcription (see below). ...
... structure models were then made with RNAdraw for each sequence. These models enabled us to validate the alignment of conserved domains such as D1, D1h, D2, D3, D4 and box A, and to deduce their roles in the formation of the structure of the transcript or in the control of transcription (see below). ...
Attachment 2 - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... sequence has been shown to provide high levels of tolerance to glyphosate when introduced into plants (Padgette et al 1996). The initiation of transcription of the ctp2::cp4 epsps coding region is controlled by the 35S gene promoter, derived from figwort mosaic virus (FMV). The 35S promoter is const ...
... sequence has been shown to provide high levels of tolerance to glyphosate when introduced into plants (Padgette et al 1996). The initiation of transcription of the ctp2::cp4 epsps coding region is controlled by the 35S gene promoter, derived from figwort mosaic virus (FMV). The 35S promoter is const ...
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates transcription factors of
... reader (Winooski, VT). In a second experiment, HEK-293/CREB-luc cells were incubated 24 h with and without 1 mM AICAR in the presence and absence of 20 M compound C (EMD Chemicals, San Diego, CA), a potent AMPK inhibitor. Luciferase activity was measured as described above, and phospho-AMPK, phosph ...
... reader (Winooski, VT). In a second experiment, HEK-293/CREB-luc cells were incubated 24 h with and without 1 mM AICAR in the presence and absence of 20 M compound C (EMD Chemicals, San Diego, CA), a potent AMPK inhibitor. Luciferase activity was measured as described above, and phospho-AMPK, phosph ...
Evolutionary Forces in Shaping the Codon and Amino Acid Usages
... do not cluster together on the first major axis produced by CA on RSCU values. These results indicate that the translational selection may not be so strong to overcome strand specific mutational bias in this organism. In order to confirm our assumption we further performed CA on RSCU values only on ...
... do not cluster together on the first major axis produced by CA on RSCU values. These results indicate that the translational selection may not be so strong to overcome strand specific mutational bias in this organism. In order to confirm our assumption we further performed CA on RSCU values only on ...
Snorks Lab File
... protein molecules and that this is virtually the same mechanism for all life forms. ...
... protein molecules and that this is virtually the same mechanism for all life forms. ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... (8). SigW is an extracytoplasmic sigma factor that provides intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial compounds produced by other bacilli (8). In order to detect the gene(s) responsible for the antibacterial activity, we prepared a HimarI mariner transposon library hosted in sfp mutant strain CH5 (⌬sfp ...
... (8). SigW is an extracytoplasmic sigma factor that provides intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial compounds produced by other bacilli (8). In order to detect the gene(s) responsible for the antibacterial activity, we prepared a HimarI mariner transposon library hosted in sfp mutant strain CH5 (⌬sfp ...
The SRA gen - uri=dna.kdna.ucla
... primers specific to ESAG 7/6, which allowed the discrimination between the different ES transcripts (data not shown). Overall these results suggested that activation of the ETat 1.10 ES is required to generate R clones and that in the absence of NHS the ETat 1.10 ES is counterselected. In These Clon ...
... primers specific to ESAG 7/6, which allowed the discrimination between the different ES transcripts (data not shown). Overall these results suggested that activation of the ETat 1.10 ES is required to generate R clones and that in the absence of NHS the ETat 1.10 ES is counterselected. In These Clon ...
Nanotechnology for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids
... function. Despite the promise, developing any NA as therapeutics has proven challenging. Like most drug development, there is no quick fix. Although many of the hurdles to developing NA-based drugs have been easily addressed, the main obstacle is figuring out how to deliver these molecules into cell ...
... function. Despite the promise, developing any NA as therapeutics has proven challenging. Like most drug development, there is no quick fix. Although many of the hurdles to developing NA-based drugs have been easily addressed, the main obstacle is figuring out how to deliver these molecules into cell ...
Understanding the acetylome: translating targeted
... with increased glycolytic flux, whereas differential deacetylation was observed in the ⌬Pat mutant. Further analysis directly demonstrated that metabolic flux profiles showed distinct patterns, depending on the substrate and level of acetylation. When the carbon source was citrate, metabolism bypass ...
... with increased glycolytic flux, whereas differential deacetylation was observed in the ⌬Pat mutant. Further analysis directly demonstrated that metabolic flux profiles showed distinct patterns, depending on the substrate and level of acetylation. When the carbon source was citrate, metabolism bypass ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.