Asexual but not clonal: evolutionary processes in
... are genetically identical to their mother. These two extreme genetic systems can also be alternated, e.g. a few generations of clonal reproduction followed by one round of sexual reproduction. Such systems are found in many fungi (e.g., yeast) but also in animals such as aphids that exhibit ‘cyclica ...
... are genetically identical to their mother. These two extreme genetic systems can also be alternated, e.g. a few generations of clonal reproduction followed by one round of sexual reproduction. Such systems are found in many fungi (e.g., yeast) but also in animals such as aphids that exhibit ‘cyclica ...
Population Variation in Continuously Varying Traits as an Ecological
... physiological or behavioral traits. It has received only partial support from empirical tests and has been criticized on theoretical grounds. Recent quantitative genetic models have made an advance by exploring the effects of mutation, migration, mating pattern and selection on phenotypic variance. ...
... physiological or behavioral traits. It has received only partial support from empirical tests and has been criticized on theoretical grounds. Recent quantitative genetic models have made an advance by exploring the effects of mutation, migration, mating pattern and selection on phenotypic variance. ...
On Adaptive Accuracy and Precision in Natural Populations
... empirical quantification of adaptive imprecision to assessing the effects of intrinsic developmental instability. We want to make clear that this narrow focus is not because we consider variation in the external environment to be unimportant but merely because developmental stochasticity is more eas ...
... empirical quantification of adaptive imprecision to assessing the effects of intrinsic developmental instability. We want to make clear that this narrow focus is not because we consider variation in the external environment to be unimportant but merely because developmental stochasticity is more eas ...
300_Breeding_Bunnies_Lab_RGM_15-16
... generation. Record this number in (column 6) labeled "Total Number of Surviving Alleles". 11. Place the alleles of the rabbits (FF furry & Ff furry) which have survived, grown, & reached reproductive age back in the paper bag. 12. Repeat steps 2 through 11 for each generation (until you have finishe ...
... generation. Record this number in (column 6) labeled "Total Number of Surviving Alleles". 11. Place the alleles of the rabbits (FF furry & Ff furry) which have survived, grown, & reached reproductive age back in the paper bag. 12. Repeat steps 2 through 11 for each generation (until you have finishe ...
What does Drosophila genetics tell us about speciation?
... the loci become disconnected, and fitnesses become extremely variable. (For an approximate estimate of multi-generation components of genome-wide selection and gene flow in Heliconius, see Ref. [55] and Box 2.) Many studies of ‘reproductive isolation’ in Drosophila do not quantify the ecological and ...
... the loci become disconnected, and fitnesses become extremely variable. (For an approximate estimate of multi-generation components of genome-wide selection and gene flow in Heliconius, see Ref. [55] and Box 2.) Many studies of ‘reproductive isolation’ in Drosophila do not quantify the ecological and ...
Why We Take Risks - University of Oregon
... universe. In particular, Zahavi argued that it explains the evolutionary puzzle of altruism. In the narrowest Darwinian terms, acts of charity make no sense. Giving away food or other resources represents an apparent reduction in Darwinian fitness, a loss in the donor's own ability to survive and r ...
... universe. In particular, Zahavi argued that it explains the evolutionary puzzle of altruism. In the narrowest Darwinian terms, acts of charity make no sense. Giving away food or other resources represents an apparent reduction in Darwinian fitness, a loss in the donor's own ability to survive and r ...
The aerobic capacity and fitness of Hungarian soldiers
... training among soldiers, and found that in those that did dynamic exercises became more physically fit.21 Pang N Shek et al. studied the effect of basic training on soldiers’ lifestyles, and he found that this significantly improves their health and decreases their morbidity.5 Our own study also sho ...
... training among soldiers, and found that in those that did dynamic exercises became more physically fit.21 Pang N Shek et al. studied the effect of basic training on soldiers’ lifestyles, and he found that this significantly improves their health and decreases their morbidity.5 Our own study also sho ...
Sex and sensibility: The role of social selection
... At the heart of Roughgarden’s book is a two-prong strategy: first, she claims that modern sexual selection theory must be rejected; second, she proposes an alternative framework, social selection, to explain the evolution of sexual diversity in the animal kingdom. In many ways, her dismissal of sexu ...
... At the heart of Roughgarden’s book is a two-prong strategy: first, she claims that modern sexual selection theory must be rejected; second, she proposes an alternative framework, social selection, to explain the evolution of sexual diversity in the animal kingdom. In many ways, her dismissal of sexu ...
Primate Aggression and Evolution
... seeks to establish the degree to which genetic processes underlie animal (including human) behavior. Moreover, I should like to make clear why anthropologists sometimes have a difficult time coming to accept some sociobiological notions. While data collected about other species contribute to our und ...
... seeks to establish the degree to which genetic processes underlie animal (including human) behavior. Moreover, I should like to make clear why anthropologists sometimes have a difficult time coming to accept some sociobiological notions. While data collected about other species contribute to our und ...
Niche construction in evolutionary theory: the construction
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 19, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/109793. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 19, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/109793. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
The Genetic Architecture of Ecological Specialization: Correlated
... traits that can dramatically influence the course of evolution by natural selection (e.g., Lande 1979). Genetic correlations due to closely linked genes may be nearly as important evolutionarily. However, genetic correlations due to linkage disequilibrium between unlinked loci are more appropriately ...
... traits that can dramatically influence the course of evolution by natural selection (e.g., Lande 1979). Genetic correlations due to closely linked genes may be nearly as important evolutionarily. However, genetic correlations due to linkage disequilibrium between unlinked loci are more appropriately ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
... offsetting the benefits of higher food intake. Natural selection optimizes total net fitness across all domains of an organism's survival and reproduction, thereby constraining optimization in any single domain. Second, natural selection does not act as a designer, creating traits de novo. Rather, i ...
... offsetting the benefits of higher food intake. Natural selection optimizes total net fitness across all domains of an organism's survival and reproduction, thereby constraining optimization in any single domain. Second, natural selection does not act as a designer, creating traits de novo. Rather, i ...
Aalborg Universitet The reason why profitable firms do not necessarily grow
... and the indirect effects on that characteristic of (artificial) selection working on other characteristics. To confront this difficulty the Chicago School has provided two new tools (under the assumption of multivariate normal distribution; otherwise things get complex). The first tool is the vector ...
... and the indirect effects on that characteristic of (artificial) selection working on other characteristics. To confront this difficulty the Chicago School has provided two new tools (under the assumption of multivariate normal distribution; otherwise things get complex). The first tool is the vector ...
Genetic Basis for the plasticity of growth and survival in Crassostrea
... p(e) which is a reaction norm ∎ Determinants of environmental heterogeneity: How frequent are the different environmental types? Frequency of occurence o(e) What is the quality of the different environments? Intrinsic carrying capacity k(e) How sensitive to phenotypic variation is the performance ...
... p(e) which is a reaction norm ∎ Determinants of environmental heterogeneity: How frequent are the different environmental types? Frequency of occurence o(e) What is the quality of the different environments? Intrinsic carrying capacity k(e) How sensitive to phenotypic variation is the performance ...
Sexspecific selection on energy metabolism selection coefficients for
... mammals: (Hayes & O’Connor, 1999; Jackson et al., 2001)]. Very few studies have discussed possible differences between the sexes in energy metabolism and the influence of this on fitness (Farmer, 2003; BouteillerReuter & Perrin, 2005). The strength and direction of natural selection can depend on en ...
... mammals: (Hayes & O’Connor, 1999; Jackson et al., 2001)]. Very few studies have discussed possible differences between the sexes in energy metabolism and the influence of this on fitness (Farmer, 2003; BouteillerReuter & Perrin, 2005). The strength and direction of natural selection can depend on en ...
reinforcement in chorus frogs: lifetime fitness
... studying viability, mating success, and fertility across the life cycle, we find strong support for reinforcement as the force driving displacement in this system. Specifically, we find hybrid fitness is reduced by 44%. This reduction results from both sexual selection against hybrid males and natur ...
... studying viability, mating success, and fertility across the life cycle, we find strong support for reinforcement as the force driving displacement in this system. Specifically, we find hybrid fitness is reduced by 44%. This reduction results from both sexual selection against hybrid males and natur ...
Theory and speciation
... straightforward. If two geographically isolated lineages diverge in male traits and female preferences, they are likely to be sexually isolated when their ranges subsequently overlap. With sexual selection, as with some forms of natural selection (e.g. adaptation to a particular habitat or resource ...
... straightforward. If two geographically isolated lineages diverge in male traits and female preferences, they are likely to be sexually isolated when their ranges subsequently overlap. With sexual selection, as with some forms of natural selection (e.g. adaptation to a particular habitat or resource ...
Theory and speciation
... straightforward. If two geographically isolated lineages diverge in male traits and female preferences, they are likely to be sexually isolated when their ranges subsequently overlap. With sexual selection, as with some forms of natural selection (e.g. adaptation to a particular habitat or resource ...
... straightforward. If two geographically isolated lineages diverge in male traits and female preferences, they are likely to be sexually isolated when their ranges subsequently overlap. With sexual selection, as with some forms of natural selection (e.g. adaptation to a particular habitat or resource ...
Individual pollen limitation, phylogeny and selection
... limitation? As conventionally measured, pollen limitation is a population property based on the average seed production, W , of naturally (nat) and fully hand-pollinated (hp) plants and is quantified as PL ¼ 1 W nat =W hp . Pollen limitation thus describes the mean proportional reduction in seed n ...
... limitation? As conventionally measured, pollen limitation is a population property based on the average seed production, W , of naturally (nat) and fully hand-pollinated (hp) plants and is quantified as PL ¼ 1 W nat =W hp . Pollen limitation thus describes the mean proportional reduction in seed n ...
Some important factors affecting fertility in sheep
... Abstract: Efficiency of sheep production is conditioned by fertility. According to some authors number of offspring obtained per lambing is more important than gain of weight. Genetic relationships involving reproductive traits were seldom studied. Reproductive traits have low heritabilities, a disc ...
... Abstract: Efficiency of sheep production is conditioned by fertility. According to some authors number of offspring obtained per lambing is more important than gain of weight. Genetic relationships involving reproductive traits were seldom studied. Reproductive traits have low heritabilities, a disc ...
Chapter 15
... in this species has dark-colored wings, a second type has patterned wings with black and yellow colors. The two types are determined by two alleles at a single gene. The researcher finds that over several years, twice the number of pattern-winged butterflies are eaten by bird predators. The research ...
... in this species has dark-colored wings, a second type has patterned wings with black and yellow colors. The two types are determined by two alleles at a single gene. The researcher finds that over several years, twice the number of pattern-winged butterflies are eaten by bird predators. The research ...
as a PDF
... However, because of the flexibility and lack of dogmatism in early Darwinism and its allowance for a number of partially divergent views, it was fairly popular well into the 1880s. This flexibility was shared both by Darwin as well as by Darwin’s followers, including August Weismann. As a result, t ...
... However, because of the flexibility and lack of dogmatism in early Darwinism and its allowance for a number of partially divergent views, it was fairly popular well into the 1880s. This flexibility was shared both by Darwin as well as by Darwin’s followers, including August Weismann. As a result, t ...
How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation?
... question that focuses on genetic covariances: given the observed levels of genetic variance, how much does the covariance structure among these traits affect the rate of adaptation? We apply this metric to the data from the literature on real populations. We find some examples in which covariances s ...
... question that focuses on genetic covariances: given the observed levels of genetic variance, how much does the covariance structure among these traits affect the rate of adaptation? We apply this metric to the data from the literature on real populations. We find some examples in which covariances s ...
Can Modern Evolutionary Theory Explain Macroevolution?
... been issued, this time largely from developmental biology. In this essay, I will address several of the major challenges to the Synthetic Theory, ranging from the 1970s to the present. I will conclude that many of these challenges have had a positive impact on evolutionary biology, but that the fund ...
... been issued, this time largely from developmental biology. In this essay, I will address several of the major challenges to the Synthetic Theory, ranging from the 1970s to the present. I will conclude that many of these challenges have had a positive impact on evolutionary biology, but that the fund ...