genetic isolation by environment or distance: which pattern of gene
... 1999; Tallmon et al. 2004) or the suppression of locally adapted individuals through density-dependent effects (Gomulkiewicz et al. 1999). The negative effects of outbreeding depression via disruption of local adaptation (interactions between genes and environments) and/or genetic incompatibilities ...
... 1999; Tallmon et al. 2004) or the suppression of locally adapted individuals through density-dependent effects (Gomulkiewicz et al. 1999). The negative effects of outbreeding depression via disruption of local adaptation (interactions between genes and environments) and/or genetic incompatibilities ...
Strong ecological but weak evolutionary effects of elevated CO
... 1987; Penuelas & Matamala, 1990; Radoglou & Jarvis, 1990, but see Körner, 1988). The magnitude of change in herbaria specimens is similar, however, to plastic responses to eCO2; therefore, genetic changes need not be invoked to explain the observed changes (Woodward, 1987, 1993). Third, plants from ...
... 1987; Penuelas & Matamala, 1990; Radoglou & Jarvis, 1990, but see Körner, 1988). The magnitude of change in herbaria specimens is similar, however, to plastic responses to eCO2; therefore, genetic changes need not be invoked to explain the observed changes (Woodward, 1987, 1993). Third, plants from ...
The existence of species rests on a metastable
... and to our human eyes, the stability of the world thus appears as if it should stay the same for ever, and so with the species that occupy it. The fact that species are not stable entities, but in constant evolution is another factor that adds to the difficulty of defining them. Initially, species w ...
... and to our human eyes, the stability of the world thus appears as if it should stay the same for ever, and so with the species that occupy it. The fact that species are not stable entities, but in constant evolution is another factor that adds to the difficulty of defining them. Initially, species w ...
Experimental evolution of multicellularity
... different environments. Every day that you evolve your yeast, they will go through about 7 generations. Over the course of the experiment, you’re going to watch them go through 70-80 generations. The short generation time of microbes is a key reason that scientists use them in experimental evolution ...
... different environments. Every day that you evolve your yeast, they will go through about 7 generations. Over the course of the experiment, you’re going to watch them go through 70-80 generations. The short generation time of microbes is a key reason that scientists use them in experimental evolution ...
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AND LOCAL ADAPTATION
... parameters can be smaller or greater than 1, which allows for directional, overdominant, or underdominant selection. Other inversions in Anopheles are thought to be involved in assortative mating (Lehmann and Diabate 2008; Perevozkin et al. 2012). We therefore allowed for this possibility by conside ...
... parameters can be smaller or greater than 1, which allows for directional, overdominant, or underdominant selection. Other inversions in Anopheles are thought to be involved in assortative mating (Lehmann and Diabate 2008; Perevozkin et al. 2012). We therefore allowed for this possibility by conside ...
Reprint
... coral species (Goulet 2006), there is some suggestion that these findings are a sampling artifact (Baker and Romanski 2007; but see Goulet 2007). More significantly, the recent use of more sensitive molecular techniques has demonstrated that multiple zooxanthellae genotypes are sometimes present at ...
... coral species (Goulet 2006), there is some suggestion that these findings are a sampling artifact (Baker and Romanski 2007; but see Goulet 2007). More significantly, the recent use of more sensitive molecular techniques has demonstrated that multiple zooxanthellae genotypes are sometimes present at ...
Evolution Unit Practice Exam - Serrano High School AP Biology
... never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of both competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to ...
... never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of both competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to ...
Document
... periods when gene flow does not occur due to spatial isolation or physical obstacles to dispersal. However, it is common for populations that have developed incomplete reproductive barriers to be in contact at some stage of divergence, often due to range change, allowing the opportunity for gene flo ...
... periods when gene flow does not occur due to spatial isolation or physical obstacles to dispersal. However, it is common for populations that have developed incomplete reproductive barriers to be in contact at some stage of divergence, often due to range change, allowing the opportunity for gene flo ...
Evolution leads to Kantian morality - Society for the Advancement of
... concerns (Bénabou and Tirole, 2006), moral motivation (Brekke, Kverndokk, and Nyborg, 2003), or something else? This question is at the heart of the literature on preference evolution initiated by Güth and Yaari (1992). In a recent contribution to this literature, we found that evolution under certa ...
... concerns (Bénabou and Tirole, 2006), moral motivation (Brekke, Kverndokk, and Nyborg, 2003), or something else? This question is at the heart of the literature on preference evolution initiated by Güth and Yaari (1992). In a recent contribution to this literature, we found that evolution under certa ...
Ellstrand 2014
... had radically different views of the importance of gene flow. Discussion of gene flow in evolution textbooks of the mid-20th century ranged from thorough (e.g., Grant, 1963) to almost nil (e.g., Stebbins, 1966). Interestingly, the same is true for the first decade of the 21st century, (e.g., Futuyma ...
... had radically different views of the importance of gene flow. Discussion of gene flow in evolution textbooks of the mid-20th century ranged from thorough (e.g., Grant, 1963) to almost nil (e.g., Stebbins, 1966). Interestingly, the same is true for the first decade of the 21st century, (e.g., Futuyma ...
Between Zeus and the Salmon
... This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, ...
... This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, ...
GCSE Getting Started
... This document gives a sample scheme of work for GCSE Physical Education that can be adapted by centres to fit their timetabling and staffing arrangements. It is meant as an example approach only and it is not intended to be prescriptive. The scheme of work focuses on the theoretical content required ...
... This document gives a sample scheme of work for GCSE Physical Education that can be adapted by centres to fit their timetabling and staffing arrangements. It is meant as an example approach only and it is not intended to be prescriptive. The scheme of work focuses on the theoretical content required ...
Live Where You Thrive: Joint Evolution of Habitat Choice and Local
... selection within habitats, and density regulation. By definition of these models, selection is phenotype-dependent and density-independent, whereas density regulation is density-dependent and phenotype-independent. Density regulation may occur either separately within each habitat (local regulation) ...
... selection within habitats, and density regulation. By definition of these models, selection is phenotype-dependent and density-independent, whereas density regulation is density-dependent and phenotype-independent. Density regulation may occur either separately within each habitat (local regulation) ...
Speciation by Natural and Sexual Selection: Models and Experiments.
... between similar phenotypes can also produce persistent disruptive selection through frequency dependence. This idea, which has been popular in recent models of speciation (e.g., Dieckmann and Doebeli 1999; Kondrashov and Kondrashov 1999), descends from an argument made by Darwin (1859, chap. 4) that ...
... between similar phenotypes can also produce persistent disruptive selection through frequency dependence. This idea, which has been popular in recent models of speciation (e.g., Dieckmann and Doebeli 1999; Kondrashov and Kondrashov 1999), descends from an argument made by Darwin (1859, chap. 4) that ...
Producer Biases and Kin Selection in the Evolution of - PUMA
... so that they can be informative and hence useful also for the hearers? Theoretically, the answer to question (a) has been kin selection theory (Hamilton, 1964), while the answer to question (b) has been the handicap principle (Zahavi, 1975). According to kin selection theory, an altruistic behavior ...
... so that they can be informative and hence useful also for the hearers? Theoretically, the answer to question (a) has been kin selection theory (Hamilton, 1964), while the answer to question (b) has been the handicap principle (Zahavi, 1975). According to kin selection theory, an altruistic behavior ...
Hybridization and speciation
... periods when gene flow does not occur due to spatial isolation or physical obstacles to dispersal. However, it is common for populations that have developed incomplete reproductive barriers to be in contact at some stage of divergence, often due to range change, allowing the opportunity for gene flo ...
... periods when gene flow does not occur due to spatial isolation or physical obstacles to dispersal. However, it is common for populations that have developed incomplete reproductive barriers to be in contact at some stage of divergence, often due to range change, allowing the opportunity for gene flo ...
1 Of Mice and Metaphysics: Natural Selection and Realized
... 1951 in Australia or England. If natural selection is merely a stochastic trend, then the grounding question can be dismissed as misguided. For, there would be no causal process of natural selection to ground in the first place. However, there is good reason to think that such “stochastic” propertie ...
... 1951 in Australia or England. If natural selection is merely a stochastic trend, then the grounding question can be dismissed as misguided. For, there would be no causal process of natural selection to ground in the first place. However, there is good reason to think that such “stochastic” propertie ...
Philosophy of Biology: A Contemporary Introduction
... arguing that questions about the origin of life, or of the human species, lie there also. Further, there are social and behavioral scientists, and scholars in the humanities too, who deny the relevance of biology to their research questions, for example questions having to do with the causes of huma ...
... arguing that questions about the origin of life, or of the human species, lie there also. Further, there are social and behavioral scientists, and scholars in the humanities too, who deny the relevance of biology to their research questions, for example questions having to do with the causes of huma ...
Robustness and Evolvability
... Canalization and decanalization: canalization is biological robustness that evolves in the context of developmental processes [24]. Robustness or canalization is the extent to which phenotypes remain constant in the face of specified environmental and/or genetic perturbations. Decanalization is the ...
... Canalization and decanalization: canalization is biological robustness that evolves in the context of developmental processes [24]. Robustness or canalization is the extent to which phenotypes remain constant in the face of specified environmental and/or genetic perturbations. Decanalization is the ...
Of Mice and Metaphysics: Natural Selection and
... substrates that possess certain metrical properties” (Matthen and Ariew 2002, 68–69, emphasis in original). According to this purely statistical interpretation, the only causal processes in evolution are at the level of biological individuals (or below), and none of these can be identified with metr ...
... substrates that possess certain metrical properties” (Matthen and Ariew 2002, 68–69, emphasis in original). According to this purely statistical interpretation, the only causal processes in evolution are at the level of biological individuals (or below), and none of these can be identified with metr ...
Document
... sense (where mating partners are part of the external environment). In contrast, intrinsic postzygotic isolation is independent of the external environment. Consequently, different types of genes and gene networks and different evolutionary processes may be involved in generating these classes of is ...
... sense (where mating partners are part of the external environment). In contrast, intrinsic postzygotic isolation is independent of the external environment. Consequently, different types of genes and gene networks and different evolutionary processes may be involved in generating these classes of is ...
Genomics and the origin of species
... mapping tools are available for identifying links between divergent genomic regions and the phenotypic traits that contribute to reproductive isolation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is one such method that is powerful for doing so186. In short, a genome-wide set of markers is genotyped in ...
... mapping tools are available for identifying links between divergent genomic regions and the phenotypic traits that contribute to reproductive isolation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is one such method that is powerful for doing so186. In short, a genome-wide set of markers is genotyped in ...
Genomics and the origin of species - Integrative Biology
... mapping tools are available for identifying links between divergent genomic regions and the phenotypic traits that contribute to reproductive isolation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is one such method that is powerful for doing so186. In short, a genome-wide set of markers is genotyped in ...
... mapping tools are available for identifying links between divergent genomic regions and the phenotypic traits that contribute to reproductive isolation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is one such method that is powerful for doing so186. In short, a genome-wide set of markers is genotyped in ...
Factors and Natural Selection To Identify Virulence : Genetic
... selection. In this paper we describe how the results of evolutionary processes, as reflected by bacterial population characteristics, may be used to identify potential bacterial virulence factors. We use Haemophilus influenzae, whose known virulence factors are highly variable, as an example. ...
... selection. In this paper we describe how the results of evolutionary processes, as reflected by bacterial population characteristics, may be used to identify potential bacterial virulence factors. We use Haemophilus influenzae, whose known virulence factors are highly variable, as an example. ...
Mallet (2012) "The struggle..."
... as well as in competition and natural selection (León and Charlesworth, 1978). It is a particularly useful first step in understanding population regulation in the simplest organisms or cases, and many general conclusions from logistic models should be true also for more realistic situations. Furthe ...
... as well as in competition and natural selection (León and Charlesworth, 1978). It is a particularly useful first step in understanding population regulation in the simplest organisms or cases, and many general conclusions from logistic models should be true also for more realistic situations. Furthe ...