Review Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... indicated by the relative thickness of the black arrows. As typically viewed by organismal and evolutionary biologists, selection acts on phenotypic variation (which reflects variation in gene expression), but does not generally act directly on genetic variation (e.g. at the level of DNA sequences). ...
... indicated by the relative thickness of the black arrows. As typically viewed by organismal and evolutionary biologists, selection acts on phenotypic variation (which reflects variation in gene expression), but does not generally act directly on genetic variation (e.g. at the level of DNA sequences). ...
Nabokov, Teleology, and Insect Mimicry
... intention. Like Kant, he seems more interested in the epistemology of belief than arguing for the objective existence of the object of belief itself. With all due respect to Boyd's excellent knowledge of Nabokov's life and work, I believe it was uncanny chance that excited Nabokov's imagination, not ...
... intention. Like Kant, he seems more interested in the epistemology of belief than arguing for the objective existence of the object of belief itself. With all due respect to Boyd's excellent knowledge of Nabokov's life and work, I believe it was uncanny chance that excited Nabokov's imagination, not ...
The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
... analyses. First, the studies involved quantitative traits showing continuous phenotypic variation within the study population: studies of discrete and categorical traits were not considered. Second, the studies examined natural phenotypic variation within populations: studies involving genetically o ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... coherently be regarded as both; if organisms are creating selection pressures on their own kind by niche construction activity then those pressures amount to organisms selecting themselves; we have been selected for by our organic ancestors, not by 'nature'; nondeterministic organic directionality, ...
... coherently be regarded as both; if organisms are creating selection pressures on their own kind by niche construction activity then those pressures amount to organisms selecting themselves; we have been selected for by our organic ancestors, not by 'nature'; nondeterministic organic directionality, ...
Speciation genetics: current status and evolving approaches
... Genetic approaches have always been central to speciation research, but despite significant progress over the last years in speciation genetic research, many fundamental questions about the molecular basis of the splitting process await to be answered. Which genetic elements are of particular releva ...
... Genetic approaches have always been central to speciation research, but despite significant progress over the last years in speciation genetic research, many fundamental questions about the molecular basis of the splitting process await to be answered. Which genetic elements are of particular releva ...
Simulation 1: Big Claws vs. Small Claws The Crabolution activity
... The Crabolution activity addresses the misconception that natural selection is a completely random process and emphasizes that natural selection acts on variation in a population in a non-random way by differential survival and reproduction. The activity involves a series of simulations that demonst ...
... The Crabolution activity addresses the misconception that natural selection is a completely random process and emphasizes that natural selection acts on variation in a population in a non-random way by differential survival and reproduction. The activity involves a series of simulations that demonst ...
Speciation genetics - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... examples from nature where both extrinsic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation appear to be at work (e.g. Rogers & Bernatchez 2006; Rieseberg & Willis 2007; Fuller 2008). Some recent work suggests that extrinsic postzygotic isolation may be more common and more important than intrinsic postzygotic is ...
... examples from nature where both extrinsic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation appear to be at work (e.g. Rogers & Bernatchez 2006; Rieseberg & Willis 2007; Fuller 2008). Some recent work suggests that extrinsic postzygotic isolation may be more common and more important than intrinsic postzygotic is ...
natural selection in populations subject to a migration load
... on the same plant for their entire life, and the average per generation movement distance is <12 m (Sandoval 2000). This average includes individuals that did not move from their original plant, and may miss rare long-distance dispersal events. There is one generation per year, and insects mature at ...
... on the same plant for their entire life, and the average per generation movement distance is <12 m (Sandoval 2000). This average includes individuals that did not move from their original plant, and may miss rare long-distance dispersal events. There is one generation per year, and insects mature at ...
On Sexual Reproduction as a New Critique of the Theory of Natural
... because they would have a long time available for making copies of themselves. Replicators of high longevity would therefore tend to become more numerous and, other things being equal, there would have been an ‘evolutionary trend’ towards greater longevity in the population of molecules. But other t ...
... because they would have a long time available for making copies of themselves. Replicators of high longevity would therefore tend to become more numerous and, other things being equal, there would have been an ‘evolutionary trend’ towards greater longevity in the population of molecules. But other t ...
Hybrid Sterility, Haldane`s Rule and Speciation in Heliconius cydno
... in Gamboa, Republic of Panama, between August 1998 and ...
... in Gamboa, Republic of Panama, between August 1998 and ...
The Nature and Units of Social Selection
... the slowest die, there is a significant and positive selection for higher average speed in reindeer. However, subset selection could as well occur because an avalanche eliminated reindeer at random, or perhaps even the fastest reindeer. A similar argument holds for subset selection on firms and othe ...
... the slowest die, there is a significant and positive selection for higher average speed in reindeer. However, subset selection could as well occur because an avalanche eliminated reindeer at random, or perhaps even the fastest reindeer. A similar argument holds for subset selection on firms and othe ...
Conditions for sympatric speciation
... Three types of genes have been proposed to promote sympatric speciation: habitat preference genes, assortative mating genes and habitat-based fitness genes. Previous computer models have analysed these genes separately or in pairs. In this paper we describe a multilocus model in which genes of all t ...
... Three types of genes have been proposed to promote sympatric speciation: habitat preference genes, assortative mating genes and habitat-based fitness genes. Previous computer models have analysed these genes separately or in pairs. In this paper we describe a multilocus model in which genes of all t ...
Hen`s Teeth and Horse`s Toes
... What can or should humans learn from nature regarding morality? Philosophers, theologians, and scientists have proposed a wide range of answers over the centuries. Gould now adds his: “Nothing.” His conclusion is that nature is neither moral nor immoral; these are human concepts that do not apply to ...
... What can or should humans learn from nature regarding morality? Philosophers, theologians, and scientists have proposed a wide range of answers over the centuries. Gould now adds his: “Nothing.” His conclusion is that nature is neither moral nor immoral; these are human concepts that do not apply to ...
nosil vines funk 2005 evolution
... ecologically divergent from their native habitat. This selection against immigrants reduces encounters and thus mating opportunities between individuals from divergently adapted populations. It also reduces the likelihood that successfully mated immigrant females will survive long enough to produce ...
... ecologically divergent from their native habitat. This selection against immigrants reduces encounters and thus mating opportunities between individuals from divergently adapted populations. It also reduces the likelihood that successfully mated immigrant females will survive long enough to produce ...
Genetic diversity, virulence and fitness evolution in an obligate
... through higher virulence may increase replication rate by the parasite, but may decrease fitness due to a truncation in its host’s lifespan (Cooper et al., 2002). Consequently, there may be a trade-off between virulence (i.e. the speed of kill by a parasite) and fitness (total reproductive output of ...
... through higher virulence may increase replication rate by the parasite, but may decrease fitness due to a truncation in its host’s lifespan (Cooper et al., 2002). Consequently, there may be a trade-off between virulence (i.e. the speed of kill by a parasite) and fitness (total reproductive output of ...
Selection experiments: an under-utilized tool in
... knockouts) usually attempt to alter only one or perhaps a few gene loci. In the wild, however, natural and sexual selection are thought to act most directly on complex phenotypes (e.g. behaviour, life history traits) that are typically highly polygenic (affected by many genes, most of which probably ...
... knockouts) usually attempt to alter only one or perhaps a few gene loci. In the wild, however, natural and sexual selection are thought to act most directly on complex phenotypes (e.g. behaviour, life history traits) that are typically highly polygenic (affected by many genes, most of which probably ...
Forces that influence the evolution of codon bias
... co-adapted state differs. Exactly how this divergence can occur is unclear, but it has been hypothesized that it could be driven by pressure from biased mutation patterns (Shields 1990). Fourth, not all bacterial species exhibit the same clear trend in codon usage patterns associated with gene expre ...
... co-adapted state differs. Exactly how this divergence can occur is unclear, but it has been hypothesized that it could be driven by pressure from biased mutation patterns (Shields 1990). Fourth, not all bacterial species exhibit the same clear trend in codon usage patterns associated with gene expre ...
Word - The Open University
... explain the implications of a seed/nut-eating habit suggest why rodents are a successful order of mammals describe adaptation, based on knowledge of the theory of biological evolution by natural selection explain how altruistic characteristics can be understood in terms of kin selection and inclus ...
... explain the implications of a seed/nut-eating habit suggest why rodents are a successful order of mammals describe adaptation, based on knowledge of the theory of biological evolution by natural selection explain how altruistic characteristics can be understood in terms of kin selection and inclus ...
Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation
... Lineage sorting: related to genotypic clustering, but generally referring to the grouping of taxa in gene genealogies, which can range from polyphyletic through to reciprocally monophyletic relationships. ‘Multifarious selection’ hypothesis: a hypothesis predicting that the completeness of speciatio ...
... Lineage sorting: related to genotypic clustering, but generally referring to the grouping of taxa in gene genealogies, which can range from polyphyletic through to reciprocally monophyletic relationships. ‘Multifarious selection’ hypothesis: a hypothesis predicting that the completeness of speciatio ...
A Gaze-Driven Evolutionary Algorithm to Study Aesthetic Evaluation
... Symmetry might be a predictor of attractiveness ratings in faces (Rhodes, Proffitt, Grady, & Sumich, 1998) and bodies (Bertamini, Byrne, & Bennett, 2013; Tovee, Tasker, & Benson, 2000), while Ramachandran and Hirstein (1999) listed preference for symmetry as one of their laws of artistic experience. T ...
... Symmetry might be a predictor of attractiveness ratings in faces (Rhodes, Proffitt, Grady, & Sumich, 1998) and bodies (Bertamini, Byrne, & Bennett, 2013; Tovee, Tasker, & Benson, 2000), while Ramachandran and Hirstein (1999) listed preference for symmetry as one of their laws of artistic experience. T ...
The struggle for existence. How the notion of carrying capacity, K
... selection between environments. The second is phenotypic divergence mediated by competition for resources … The third [is] 'ecological speciation,' whereby new species arise by … divergent selection stemming from environments and resource competition." (Schluter, 2000: 65-66). But demographic compet ...
... selection between environments. The second is phenotypic divergence mediated by competition for resources … The third [is] 'ecological speciation,' whereby new species arise by … divergent selection stemming from environments and resource competition." (Schluter, 2000: 65-66). But demographic compet ...
Neutral Evolution and Aesthetics
... advantage it gives or the purpose it serves. Although Darwin did away with the Divine Watchmaker,9 as Richard Dawkins has noted, natural selection takes on the role of Creator as the Blind Watchmaker.10 In this sense, Darwinism actually encourages a kind of teleology as a mode of biological explanat ...
... advantage it gives or the purpose it serves. Although Darwin did away with the Divine Watchmaker,9 as Richard Dawkins has noted, natural selection takes on the role of Creator as the Blind Watchmaker.10 In this sense, Darwinism actually encourages a kind of teleology as a mode of biological explanat ...
Rapid evolution of adaptive niche construction
... Laland and Sterelny 2006). However, there is substantial disagreement as to whether the evolutionary role of adaptive niche construction is of sufficient importance to justify the technical and conceptual complications it introduces to the study of evolution (Dawkins 2004; Laland and Sterelny 2006; ...
... Laland and Sterelny 2006). However, there is substantial disagreement as to whether the evolutionary role of adaptive niche construction is of sufficient importance to justify the technical and conceptual complications it introduces to the study of evolution (Dawkins 2004; Laland and Sterelny 2006; ...
here - Imedea
... to test the hypotheses addressed here of fitness benefits associated with early emergence. Thus, for each experiment we numbered cohorts from 1 (the most precocious) to n (the latest). The effect size selected for the meta-analyses was the Fisher’s z transformation of the Pearson’s productmoment cor ...
... to test the hypotheses addressed here of fitness benefits associated with early emergence. Thus, for each experiment we numbered cohorts from 1 (the most precocious) to n (the latest). The effect size selected for the meta-analyses was the Fisher’s z transformation of the Pearson’s productmoment cor ...