• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Evolution: Theories put forward to explain the origin of life Theory of
Evolution: Theories put forward to explain the origin of life Theory of

... Its thought that main groups of modern mammals arose in the northern hemisphere and migrated to; i. South America via the Isthnus of Panama, ii. Africa via the strait of Gibraltar which, like the Berring strait, has been bridged in the past geological time. iii. Australia via south East Asia to whi ...
Day 1
Day 1

... One of the animals Darwin encountered were finches, a type of bird. They exhibited a wide range of beak shapes and sizes. On your notebook, please write down and answer the following ...
Honors Biology Test Review
Honors Biology Test Review

... between organisms. Also, be able to use a cladogram to make conclusions about which organisms are most closely related. 11. Describe in general how selection may change a species over time. 12. Describe the 3 types of selection (stabilizing, disruptive, and directional). Be able to give an example o ...
Evolution
Evolution

... Evolution by Natural Selection • Darwin and Wallace proposed that life’s diverse forms arose through process of descent with modification – Individuals in each generation differ slightly from the members of the preceding generation – Over long time periods, small differences accumulate to produce m ...
Eating
Eating

... 5. The environment does not contain enough resources to support all individuals. 6. A struggle for existence occurs among individuals; those who possess the most adaptive characteristics, by definition, win the struggle. 7. Individuals who survive and reproduce pass on their adaptive characteristics ...
Ch23Test_File - Milan Area Schools
Ch23Test_File - Milan Area Schools

... 6. The _______ is the sum total of genetic information in a population at any given moment. It includes every allele at every locus in every organism. Answer: gene pool 9. A population that is not changing (i.e., it has constant genotype and allele frequencies Answer: equilibrium 10. _______ involve ...
Name: Period: ______ Biology Final Review Worksheet (24 pts
Name: Period: ______ Biology Final Review Worksheet (24 pts

... __A____ 26. The total number of individuals a population contains is its a. population size c. population ecology b. population density d. population interaction __C____ 27. A dispersion pattern where individuals in a population are separated by a consistent distance is a. clumped distribution c. un ...
Is It “Fitter”?
Is It “Fitter”?

... potential for a species to increase its numbers, (2) the genetic variability of offspring due to mutation and recombination of genes, (3) a finite supply of the resources required for life, and (4) the ensuing selection by the environment of those offspring better able to survive and leave offspring ...
Bodensee Nature Museum Evolution Worksheets: Selection and
Bodensee Nature Museum Evolution Worksheets: Selection and

... dimorphism often occurs in organisms with sexes that have different ecological and/or reproductive roles. Artificial Selection: the process by which humans use selective breeding to develop particular traits (characteristics) in animals and plants by choosing which males and females will sexually re ...
Standard B-5 - Wando High School
Standard B-5 - Wando High School

...  Genetic variability may also be due to gene shuffling, crossing-over, recombination of DNA, or mutations. When gametes are produced, each parent’s alleles may be arranged in new ways in the offspring.  Genetic changes or variability result in the transcription and translation of new or different ...


... Since the environment can't support unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do. There is heredity. The surviving brown beetles have brow ...
Evolution- Mechanisms of Evolution
Evolution- Mechanisms of Evolution

... - idea of uniformitarianism, that the earth was shaped entirely by slow-moving forces still in operation today, acting over a very long period of time - Stratigraphy: studying the layers which would become the different time periods in the history of the world ...
2. Community Processes: Species Interactions and Succession
2. Community Processes: Species Interactions and Succession

... Half-life for a given radioisotope is the time for half the radioactive nuclei in any sample to undergo radioactive decay ...
north.d127.org
north.d127.org

... Half-life for a given radioisotope is the time for half the radioactive nuclei in any sample to undergo radioactive decay ...
1 Evolution is an ongoing process
1 Evolution is an ongoing process

... drift is a significant agent of evolutionary change primarily in small populations. 8.9 Migration into or out of a population may change allele frequencies. TAKE-HOME MESSAGE 8-9: Migration, or gene flow, leads to a change in allele frequencies in a population as individuals move into or out of the ...
Peppered Moths Web Activity
Peppered Moths Web Activity

... 1. There is variation (differences) among offspring, caused mainly by genetic differences. 2. In nature there is an overproduction of offspring. Or, many more young are produced than are able to survive. 3. There is struggle for existence as organisms must compete for limited resources (such as food ...
introduction - University of Notre Dame
introduction - University of Notre Dame

... coordination of form and function in organisms. It also has led to reconsideration of the active interactions of organisms with their environment, the importance of learned behavioral traits and their effect on the genome, and even the possibility that environmental factors can play a more significa ...
Evolution Notes
Evolution Notes

... • How could a farmer use selective breeding to get cow with larger horns? – In order for selective breeding to work you need natural variation. – Natural Variation: individual organisms of the same species can have different characteristics. – Darwin called this process artificial Selection – Artifi ...
Evolution
Evolution

... • When organisms becomes accustomed to changing environmental conditions. • It is not the product of natural selection. • Results no change in the gene pool of the species. • E.g. The difference in how we feel temperature in Spring and Fall ...
Evolution Notes (review and THEN complete p.8)
Evolution Notes (review and THEN complete p.8)

... canopies of trees lived to pass this trait to their offspring; those with short necks ( died ) ...
Name: Date: Period: _____ Unit 1, Part 1 Notes – Evolution Basics
Name: Date: Period: _____ Unit 1, Part 1 Notes – Evolution Basics

... resulting in inherited favorable/successful characteristics (i.e. adaptations) becoming more common in later generations. Remember, evolution is defined as a change over time in the frequency of particular traits within a population. Therefore, natural selection, or the environment “selecting” parti ...
Questions to answer
Questions to answer

... 1. Explain what the “modern synthesis” is. How is it different from Darwin’s original theory of evolution? 2. Why does evolution have to involve the change of the genetic makeup of a population over time? 3. Explain each of the following modes of evolution in a population. For each one, describe the ...
Natural Selection jeopardy edit
Natural Selection jeopardy edit

... developed the theory of Natural Selection. ...
An Introduction to the Uses of Biological Processes for Robotics
An Introduction to the Uses of Biological Processes for Robotics

... longest to shortest times (best to worst.) “Mating” among individuals should take place in a process more specifically described in Appendix B. After a new generation is formed, these robots will be measured on their performance also. Continue cycling through the process of selection and reproductio ...
Key
Key

... Darwin’s Conclusion  Individuals who inherit characteristics most fit for their environment are likely to reproduce more offspring than less fit individuals.  The unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce leads to a gradual change in a population, with favorable characteristics accu ...
< 1 ... 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ... 134 >

Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report